the french revolution may 2015 background remember france… we spoke of french absolutism we...
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The French Revolution
May 2015Background
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Remember France… We spoke of French Absolutism
We looked at Kings’ Henry IV, Louis XIII and Louis XIV
We toured Versailles, Louis XIV’s Summer Palace, today a museum
Louis XIV was known as The Sun King and he considered that he was the state – L’etat c’est moi
All these factors cost France large amounts of money, and like many other European nations, few peasants had the ability to pay.
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Events which weakened France:
Grandeur of King Louis XIV
Palace of Versailles
Weakness of King Louis XV ~ Nobles shared power
Seven Years’ War between Britain & France for the control of overseas empires
Aid to the American Colonies against Britain
High debt, poor taxation, failing government
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American Revolutionary War
Marquis Da LafayetteAdmiral De Grasse
Versailles & Royal
Family
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Several Attempts atFixing the Finances
Turgot (Finance Minister) – Cut spending, Abolished the trade guilds, ended the Corvee (Peasant labor service)
Necker (Finance Minister) – Borrowed more money & increased spending
Neither worked
King Louis XVI had to call the Estates-General to meet – he needed new taxes and he expected to get them, but he was wrong.
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Estates GeneralOpening Session
May 5, 1789
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Estates-General
France’s law-making body
Made up of the three estates (social classes) of France
1st Estate – Clergy <1% of population – Most did not pay taxes
2nd Estate – Nobility <2% of population – They did not pay taxes
3rd Estate – Bourgeoisie (Agricultural Workers, Artisans, Merchants, Scientists, Doctors & Lawyers) – 97% of the population, Paid all the taxes, but controlled very little of France’s wealth.
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May 5, 1789:
Estates-General meets for the first time since 1614
Discussion over Taxation and Voting Rules creates the first trouble.
Calonne (Finance Minister) wants the Nobility & Clergy to pay taxes
3rd Estate want to vote individually rather than ‘en bloc’ (?)
Cahiers de doleances (grievances) are brought into the discussion
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June 10, 1789:
National Assembly formed by the 3rd Estate and members of the 1st & 2nd estates eventually joined them.
Tennis Court Oath – Locked out of their chambers, they issue this statement that they will meet until they give France a constitution (?)
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July 12, 1789
King Louis XVI & his family are asked to conserve their spending
The king fires Jacques Necker (Finance Minister) and the French people see this as the beginning of the Revolution.
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July 14, 1789:
Bastille, a former fort in Paris that is used as a prison for political detainees is stormed by the crowds
Prisoners were released
No weapons or powder were found
Storming the Bastille becomes a symbol for the people of France – represents the years of abuse by the monarchy Today, July 14th is seen as French Independence
Day
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The Bastille
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Summer 1789 The Great Fear
Peasants attacked those above them - the upper classes – Nobility and Clergy fled to save their lives.
The peasants wanted to wipe out the records of Feudalism and to even the score with their harsh lords.
Arson, Theft & Violence swept the countryside
Strangers were attacked and/or feared
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August 4, 1789: The nobles vote to end their privileges, especially Feudalism
It is too little & way too late.
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France’s Declarations:
August 26, 1789:
Declaration of the Rights of Man as Citizens issued Males citizens were equal in the eyes of the law
Women were disappointed, but they had another document ready:
Declaration of Rights of Woman & Citizens was written by Olympe de Gouges
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Declaration of Rights of Woman & CitizensOlympe de Gouges
Declaration of
Rights of Man &
Citizens
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Declaration of Rights…
COMPLETE READING AND DISCUSSION OF the DOCUMENTS:
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October 5, 1789:
6,000 women march on Versailles shouting for bread & asking to see their king
They refuse to leave until the King agrees to return to Paris
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Next day:
All the women along with the King & his family return to Paris, many of them wearing the Tricolor – Blue – White – Red, a symbol of the Revolution.
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Changes in France:
Catholic Church placed under civil control – Civil Constitution of the Clergy – They clergy became elected & paid by the state.
By 1791 the Constitution was written – The National Assembly could make laws, collect taxes, decide issues of war & peace. Male suffrage for all those over 25 years who paid taxes.
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June 1791:
King Louis and his family attempt to flee France, but they are intercepted at the border and escorted back to Paris.
Louis is now seen as a Traitor to the Revolution
Other nations become concerned that the French revolutionary spirit may spread to their nations…