The French RevolutionThe French RevolutionModerate Phase : 1789-1792Moderate Phase : 1789-1792Social inequality & economic problems Social inequality & economic problems contribute to Revolution contribute to Revolution

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The Three EstatesThe Three EstatesOrders or classes of societyOrders or classes of society

11stst Estate - Clergy Estate - Clergy• High clergy- .5-1%High clergy- .5-1%

22ndnd Estate – Nobility Estate – Nobility positions in gov’t- 2-3%positions in gov’t- 2-3%

33rdrd Estate – commoners Estate – commoners • Commoners:Commoners:• Bourgeoisie-or middle classBourgeoisie-or middle class• Peasants - Peasants - Divided by wealth,Divided by wealth,

occupation, educationoccupation, education

Louis XVI Louis XVI

1774- succeed grandfather1774- succeed grandfatherHad little desire to rule-was incompetentHad little desire to rule-was incompetent Indecisive, bad political judgmentIndecisive, bad political judgmentLavish spending by Marie AntoinetteLavish spending by Marie AntoinetteCould not deal with fiscal problems Could not deal with fiscal problems

brought on by wars, lavish spending, brought on by wars, lavish spending, poor harvestspoor harvests

unemployment, slowed manufacturingunemployment, slowed manufacturing

Representative AssemblyCalled into session after 175 yrsNeed to fix financial problems $$$$$Delegates were chosen from 3

estates Convened at Versailles on May 5

Estates General - May Estates General - May 17891789

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The Three Estates in FranceThe Three Estates in FranceWhat is wrong with this?What is wrong with this?

Population 1st– 0.5%

2nd – 1.5%3rd – 98%

Land Ownership1st – 10%2nd – 20%3rd – 70%

Taxation1st – 0%2nd – 0%

3rd – 100%

Each estate had one voteEach estate had one vote33rdrd estate objected! Why? estate objected! Why?

300Delegates

300Delegates

600Delegates

How did they vote in the E. G.?

National Assembly of FranceNational Assembly of Franceformed in June 1789 formed in June 1789

June 17- 3June 17- 3rdrd Estate becomes national Estate becomes national legislature-invites otherslegislature-invites others

June 20-meeting hall locked; move to June 20-meeting hall locked; move to Tennis CourtTennis Court

Made a oath to write a new Made a oath to write a new constitution =constitution =

Tennis Court OathTennis Court OathMany don’t understand implications Many don’t understand implications Give up privileges; tax immunities Give up privileges; tax immunities

Summer of 1789 Summer of 1789 July 14- 100,000 Parisians

storm the Bastille Prison• Symbol- of absolutism of

Old Regime• Revolution has begun! The Great Fear –throughout

summer of 1789 Panic spreads; peasants Panic spreads; peasants

attack nobles’ propertyattack nobles’ property Burn, loot, destroy propertyBurn, loot, destroy property

End of the “old Regime”End of the “old Regime”August 4August 4

Relics of Feudalism ends!Relics of Feudalism ends!Noble lose privileges & tax Noble lose privileges & tax

exemptionsexemptionsAugust 26 August 26 [find Enlight. Ideas in doc][find Enlight. Ideas in doc]

““Declaration of the Rights of Man”Declaration of the Rights of Man”Acts as a preamble to the constitutionActs as a preamble to the constitution It is a charter of basic liberties It is a charter of basic liberties Equal before law; Equal before law; eligible for public officeeligible for public officeFree press , speech, religionFree press , speech, religion

Women of Paris ReactWomen of Paris ReactOct. 5-6, 1789 Oct. 5-6, 1789

Parisian women have been rioting in Parisian women have been rioting in Paris:Paris:over high bread pricesover high bread prices

Oct. 5Oct. 5thth they walk to Versailles & they walk to Versailles & demand that Louis sign August 4demand that Louis sign August 4thth decreesdecrees

Oct. 6Oct. 6thth- mob storms palace & take - mob storms palace & take king/queen back to Parisking/queen back to Paris

Food, rights!!

France remains bankrupt….France remains bankrupt….Church land seized, sold for needed $$$$Church land seized, sold for needed $$$$ reduce # of bishops; salaries paid by the state reduce # of bishops; salaries paid by the state

Gov’t.t controls ChurchGov’t.t controls ChurchMany Catholics become enemies of the revolutionMany Catholics become enemies of the revolutionAssembly applies ideas of Adam SmithAssembly applies ideas of Adam SmithFew regulations-free competition!Few regulations-free competition!

1790-Civil Constitution of the 1790-Civil Constitution of the ClergyClergy

[[Church Reforms]Church Reforms]

Constitution of 1791Constitution of 1791

France became a limited monarchyFrance became a limited monarchyKing was a figure head-fewer powers King was a figure head-fewer powers

than U.S. presidentthan U.S. presidentEstablished executive, legislative & Established executive, legislative &

judicial branches judicial branches Only some men could voteOnly some men could voteWomen –possibility of divorceWomen –possibility of divorceBut were ‘passive citizens’But were ‘passive citizens’Other individual rights guaranteedOther individual rights guaranteed Jews granted citizenshipJews granted citizenshipOver 2,000 laws passed by N.A.Over 2,000 laws passed by N.A.

National Assembly emancipated National Assembly emancipated Jews in France Jews in France

During the French Revolution, which began in During the French Revolution, which began in 1789, the Jewish Question was debated. 1789, the Jewish Question was debated. Conservatives, who opposed the liberal tenets of Conservatives, who opposed the liberal tenets of the Revolution, maintained that Jews should the Revolution, maintained that Jews should remain separate and not be given equal civil remain separate and not be given equal civil status with French citizens. The liberal and radical status with French citizens. The liberal and radical leaders, however, argued that all people, including leaders, however, argued that all people, including Jews, should be entitled to the rights of citizenship. Jews, should be entitled to the rights of citizenship. In 1791, the National Assembly voted for the rights In 1791, the National Assembly voted for the rights of citizenship to be extended to Jews. A year later, of citizenship to be extended to Jews. A year later, a Jew was elected to the National Assembly. Thus, a Jew was elected to the National Assembly. Thus, the Revolution emancipated Jews in France. the Revolution emancipated Jews in France.

Dec. of the Rights of Women Dec. of the Rights of Women & the Female Citizen& the Female Citizen

Published in 1791 by Olympe deGougesPublished in 1791 by Olympe deGouges modeled on the modeled on the Dec. of the Rights of Dec. of the Rights of

Man…Man…The 1st article: The 1st article: “Woman is born free & “Woman is born free &

remains equal to man in rights. Social remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on distinctions may only be based on common utility”.common utility”.

She said: “Women have the right to mount She said: “Women have the right to mount the scaffold, they must also have the right the scaffold, they must also have the right to mount the speaker’s rostrum”.to mount the speaker’s rostrum”.

Executed during the Reign of Terror Executed during the Reign of Terror

What about Women???What about Women???Olympe deGouges wrote The Olympe deGouges wrote The Declaration of Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen -1791 -1791

Based on Based on Declaration of the Rights of Man &of the Declaration of the Rights of Man &of the CitizenCitizen

She states that:She states that: ““This revolution will only take effect when all This revolution will only take effect when all

women become fully aware of their deplorable women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights they have lost in condition, and of the rights they have lost in society”.society”.

The The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female CitizenFemale Citizen follows the seventeen articles of follows the seventeen articles of the the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitizenCitizen point for point point for point

She is executed during the Reign of TerrorShe is executed during the Reign of Terror