the future is cyber-healthcare
TRANSCRIPT
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The Future is Cyber-Healthcare
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Payam BarnaghiInstitute for Communication Systems (ICS)/5G Innovation Centre University of SurreyGuildford, United Kingdom
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The Future is Cyber-Healthcare?
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3IBM Mainframe 360, source Wikipedia
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Apollo 11 Command Module (1965) had 64 kilobytes of memory operated at 0.043MHz.
An iPhone 5s has a CPU running at speeds of up to 1.3GHzand has 512MB to 1GB of memoryCray-1 (1975) produced 80 million Floating point operations per second (FLOPS)10 years later, Cray-2 produced 1.9G FLOPS
An iPhone 5s produces 76.8 GFLOPS – nearly a thousand times more
Cray-2 used 200-kilowatt power
Source: Nick T., PhoneArena.com, 2014image source: http://blog.opower.com/
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Computing Power
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−Smaller size−More Powerful−More memory and more storage
−"Moore's law" over the history of computing, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years.
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Smaller in size but larger in scale
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The old Internet timeline
7Source: Internet Society
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The World Wide Web
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Tim Berners-Lee
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Connectivity and information exchange was (and is ) the main motivation behind the Internet; but Content and Services are now the key elements;
and all started growing rapidly by the introduction of the World Wide Web (and linked information and search and discovery services).
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Early days of the web
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The Internet/Web in the early days
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Source: Intel, 2012
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13P. Barnaghi et al., "Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment", IET Sector Technical Briefing, The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), I. Borthwick (editor), March 2015.
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Sensor devices are becoming widely available
- Programmable devices- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools
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Internet of Things: The story so far
RFID based solutions
Wireless Sensor andActuator networks
, solutions for communication
technologies, energy efficiency, routing, …
Smart Devices/Web-enabled
Apps/Services, initial products,
vertical applications, early concepts and demos, …
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Linked-data,
semantics, M2M, More products, more
heterogeneity, solutions for control and
monitoring, …
Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data Analytics, Interoperability,
Enhanced Cellular/Wireless Com. for IoT, Real-world operational
use-cases and Industry and B2B services/applications,
more Standards…
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1G
AMPS, NMT, TACS
2G
GSM. GPRS, TDMA IS-136, CDMA IS-95, PDC
3G
UMTS, CDMA2000,
4G5G
LTE, LTE-A
PeopleThings
Voice
Text
Data
5G technologiesand standards
Connection + Control M2M/IoT
Communication technologies
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5G – Vertical Applications
17Image source: The Brain with David Eagleman, BBC
Speed of light?
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The IoT is a dynamic, online and rapidly changing world
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Conventional (Big) Data Analytics
IoT Data Analytics
Image sources: ABC Australia and 2dolphins.com
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
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Live data
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3D Map- Alexandra Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
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Live events
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Extracting city events
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http://iot.ee.surrey.ac.uk/citypulse-social/
Nazli FarajiDavar, Payam Barnaghi, "A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams", submitted to ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), Nov. 2015.
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Medical/Health Data
− The average person is likely to generate more than one million gigabytes of health-related data in their lifetime. This is equivalent to 300 million books.
− Medical data is expected to double every 73 days by 2020.
− 80% of health data is invisible to current systems because it’s unstructured.
− Less than 50% of medical decisions meet evidence-based standards. (source: The rand corporation)
22Source: IBM Research
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Unstructured data!
Heterogeneity, multi-modality and volume are among the key issues.
Often natural language!
We need interoperable and machine-interpretable solutions…
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Device/Data interoperability
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Medical/Health decision making
− One in five diagnoses are incorrect or incomplete and nearly 1.5 million medication errors are made in the US every year.
− Medical journals publish new treatments and discoveries every day.
− The amount of medical information available is doubling every five years and much of this data is unstructured - often in natural language.
− 81 percent of physicians report that they spend five hours per month or less reading journals.
25Source: IBM Research
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Medical/Health data in decision making
− Patient histories can give clues. − Electronic medical record data provide lots of
information.− Current observation and measurement data and
fast analysis of the data can help (combined with other data/medical records).
− This needs fast/accurate/secure data: − Collection/retrieval− Communication− Sharing/Integration− Processing/Analysis − Visualisation/presentation
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IBM Watson
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Watson can process the patient data to find relevant facts about family history, current medications and other existing conditions.
It can combines this information with current findings from tests and instruments and then examines all available data sources to form hypotheses and test them.
Watson can also incorporate treatment guidelines, electronic medical record data, doctor's and nurse's notes, research, clinical studies, journal articles, and patient information into the data available for analysis.
Source: IBM
Watson can read 40 million documents in 15 seconds.
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Sensely
28Source: http://sense.ly/
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kHealth for Asthma
29Source: Kno.e.sis, Wright State University
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Healthcare data analytics
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Technology Integrated Health Management (TIHM)
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Internet of Things testbed for healthcare
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The Health Challenge: Dementia 16,801 people with dementia in Surrey – set to rise to
19,000 by 2020 (estimated) - nationally 850,000 - estimated 1m by 2025 (Alzheimer’s Society)
Estimated to cost £26bn p/a in the UK (Alzheimer’s Society): health and social care (NHS and private) + unpaid care
Devices in the IoT will provide actionable data on agitation, mood, sleep, appetite, weight loss, anxiety and wandering – all have a big impact on quality of life and wellbeing
TIHM
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The Health Challenge: Falls Surrey spends £10m a year on fracture care –
with 95% of hip fractures caused by falls
People with dementia suffer significantly higher fall rates that cause injury – with falls the most common cause of injury-related deaths in the over-75s
Devices in the IoT will monitor location, activity and incident, supporting health/care staff and carers, enabling early intervention
TIHM
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The Health Challenge: Carers 5.4m carers supporting ill, older or disabled family
members, friends and partners in England - expected to rise by 40% over the next 20 years.
Value of such informal care estimated at £120bn a year – but carer ‘burnout’ a key reason why loved ones require admission to a care/nursing home.
Devices in the IoT will support carers in their caring asks – and support their own health and wellbeing.
TIHM
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Infrastructure
Interoperability, integration
Security
Data governance
Scalability
Technical Challenge
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Innovation Partners Nine companies with 25+ devices and services, including monitors, sensors, apps, hubs, virtual assistants, location devices and wearables
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Device/Data interoperability
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Gateway 1
Gateway 2
Gateway 3
Proprietary Cloud/Data Services
TIHM Cloud
HyperCAT
HyperCAT
HyperCAT
Multiple providers/multiple gateway (not ideal)
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TIHM Middleware
Connectivity/Device Association Layer
Data Exchange/Interoperability Layer
Service/Application Layer
Bluetooth
WiFI
ZigBEE
TIHM CloudHyperCAT
REST
API
ProprietaryCloud/Data
Services HyperCAT
HyperCAT
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“Each single data item is important.”
“Relying merely on data from sources that are unevenly distributed, without considering background information or social context, can lead to imbalanced interpretations and decisions.”?
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KAT- Knowledge Acquisition Toolkit
http://kat.ee.surrey.ac.uk/F. Ganz, D. Puschmann, P. Barnaghi, F. Carrez, "A Practical Evaluation of Information Processing and Abstraction Techniques for the Internet of Things", IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2015. 41
https://github.com/UniSurreyIoT/KAT
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Health and Safety Monitoring and Alert
Privacy
Security
Tru
st
De
pe
nd
ab
ilit
y
Gateway
Gateway
Data Analytics Engine
IoT Test Bed Cloud
External NHS, GP IT systems
Possible links toOther Test Beds
HyperCat
Gateway
HyperCat
HyperCat
HyperCat
Data-driven and patient centered
Healthcare Applications
TIHM Testbed Architecture
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Extend into homes – year 1 via two CCG areas, rolling out across four more CCGs in year 2
Reach 350 homes – with a control group of 350 – via dementia register
Focus on most effective product combinations – with potential for more via an open call
Roll Out
NE Hants & FarnhamLiving Lab
Guildford & Waverley
Rest of Surrey
And beyond…
TIHM
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In Conclusion
− Great opportunities and many applications;− Enhanced and (near-) real-time insights;− Supporting more automated decision making and
in-depth analysis of events and occurrences by combining various sources of data;
− Providing more and better information to citizens;− Citizens in control − Transparency and data management issues
(privacy, security, trust, …)− Reliability and dependability of the systems
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More connected wearable devcies
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Boundary between human, technology and devices
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Cognitive systems era
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connected and intelligent systems
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Accumulated and connected knowledge?
49Image courtesy: IEEE Spectrum
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Other challenges and topics that I didn't talk about
Security
Privacy
Trust, resilience and reliability
Noise and incomplete data
Cloud and distributed computing
Networks, test-beds and mobility
Mobile computing
Applications and use-case scenarios
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Q&A
− Thank you.
http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/
@pbarnaghi
http://www.sabp.nhs.uk/tihm