By Allaire, Marissa, Maggie, and Kristie

THE FUTURE OF NASA AND OTHER SPACE PROGRAMS: WHAT’S NEXT?

A History of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

“WELL, SPACE IS THERE, AND WE’RE

GOING TO CLIMB IT.”

In 1915, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics founded by President Woodrow Wilson.

Federally-funded agency for “emergency measures” during WWI

Improvement of fl ight safety

Question if fl ight into space was even possible.

HUMBLE BEGINNINGS: THE NACA

October 4, 1957, Sputnik launched

November 3, 1957, launched second unmanned satellite into orbit with Laika.

Sputnik II proved that a living creature could sustain life while in space

New Era of Space fl ight

A RACE TO SPACE: THE USSR CHALLENGES THE US

A TIN CUP AND A SPACE PUP: SPUTNIK I & LAIKA

Explorer I US Navy’s Vanguard

A RACE TO SPACE, CONTINUED: THE US PLAYS BALL WITH THE SOVIETS

NACA deemed too-small

Manned fl ights!

July 26, 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Act, would fund all of the United States’ future space endeavors.

Congress and public balked at claiming of space

“FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:” THE BIRTH OF NASA

NASA - federally-funded civilian agency.

NASA 100 million-dollar annual

budget three major laboratories

Open letter written entitled “Introduction to Outer Space,” gave the fledgling agency its motto…

“FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:” THE BIRTH OF NASA

“These opportunities reinforce my conviction that we and other nations have a great responsibility to promote the peaceful use of space and to utilize the new knowledge obtainable from space science and technology for the benefit of all mankind.”

Excerpt from “Introduction to Outer Space,” by President Eisenhower.

MARCH 26, 1958

President John F. Kennedy sworn into offi ce on January 20, 1961

progress in space over the Soviet Uniona (potential) victory of democracy over communism

FLY ME TO THE MOON: THE MERCURY, GEMINI, & APOLLO

PROJECTS

“First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon…But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon…it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him there.”

Excerpt from JFK’s jo int address to Congress, asking for addit ional funds for NASA.

MAY 25, 1961

PROJECT MERCURY (1961-1963)

Alan B. Shepard, Jr., first American to fly into space, return.

THE MERCURY FLIGHTS

February 20, 1962: John H. Glenn Jr.

THE MERCURY FLIGHTS

Project Gemini encompassed a series of ten missions over a year

two astronauts into space, and creating a capsule large enough for such a mission.

PROJECT GEMINI (1965-1966)

On June 3, 1965, astronaut Edward H. White, Jr.completed the first spacewalk.

GEMINI 4

NASA’s mission to reach the moon by the end of the decade nearly stopped when the program suff ered its fi rst major tragedy.

On January 27, 1967, astronauts Virgil Grissom, Roger B. Chaff ee, and Edward H. White, Jr., were killed when a fi re engulfed one of the fi rst capsules during Apollo I.

PROJECT APOLLO (1968-1972)

APOLLO I CASUALTIES

Apollo missions realize Kennedy’s dream of sending a man safely to the moon and back before the end of the decade.

Neil ArmstrongBuzz AldrinMichael Collins

“ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND:” APOLLO 11

Another group to go to the moon

compromise in the oxygen tank

“HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM:” APOLLO 13

Tragically, the capsule fire that killed three men during the Apollo I mission,

and the close call with Apollo 13, would not be the only tragedies to plague

NASA. In the 1980s and early 2000s, two more missions would go awry, taking the lives of fourteen US astronauts and one

civilian.

FAILURE TO LAUNCH: THE COLUMBIA AND CHALLENGER

TRAGEDIES

By the 1980s, NASA developed a new space craft; the space shuttle.

Death of seven person crew Including school teacher,

Christa McAuliffe.

JANUARY 28, 1986: THE SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DISASTER

Reentry tragedy

Foam insulation

FEBRUARY 3, 2003: THE SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA DISASTER

The Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters did much to damage the American public’s perception

of NASA. In the decades following the initial moon landing of Apollo 11, many Americans began to

question whether manned fl ights into space were worth the risk of losing anymore life.

~Indeed, NASA’s early years were fuelled by social and

political ambitions to extend American democracy beyond earthly borders, especially during the height of

the Cold War. But after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, much of the old “race to space” urgency has

been lost– which has lead to a loss of funding for the program that is, in President Eisenhower’s words,

meant “for the benefit of all mankind.”

DEALING WITH THE AFTERMATH OF CHALLENGER & COLUMBIA

What do you think about the future of NASA?

NASA DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

According to The Lamron, NASA, despite its continual progress, such as revealing more information about our galaxy’s origins and age via the Hubble Space Telescope– is in danger of major budget cuts that could potentially slow or halt such progress altogether.

With Obama’s budget proposed for 2014 cutting NASA’s funding by $300 million , do you think NASA is being unfairly targeted for budget cuts? What other programs could be cut instead?

NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE

LINE?

Cassini mission

WHAT HAS BEEN ALREADY CUT?

WHAT HAS BEEN ALREADY CUT?

Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Offi ce (C3PO)C3PO creates privately owned and operated space

transportation systems and NASA acts as a lead investor and customer.

SpaceX and Orbital

NASA’S CURRENT ENDEAVORS

SPACEX: DRAGON

Free flying, reusable spacecraftDesigned to deliver both cargo and people into space In 2012, DRAGON became the fi rst commercial

spacecraft in history to deliver cargo to the International Space Station and safely deliver cargo to Earth

“Space exploration and the benefits it yields – in medicine and information technology- should not be overlooked” –Ben Barr Cat scans More functional artificial limbs Insulin pumps Ventricular Assist Device (VADs)

SPACE INVENTIONS BEING USED ELSEWHERE

The ISS is an orbiting laboratory as well as space port that is a collaborative eff ort between 16 nations

Benefits of the ISS for civilians Neurosurgical medical technology Water purification technology Agricultural monitoring Student amateur radio interaction Remote telemedicine

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

Curiosity RoverMajor Objective: “Find evidence of a past environment

well suited to supporting microbial life” (NASA.gov) Mission succeeded

MARS EXPLORATION: CURIOSITY ROVER

The MAVEN Orbiter was “sent to study the Red Planet’s upper atmosphere over the course of at least one Earth year” (NBC News)

MAVEN: Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutionLaunched Monday, 11/18/2013

MARS EXPLORATION: MAVEN ORBITER

“LADEE is a robotic mission that will orbit the moon to gather detailed information about the structure and composition of the thin lunar atmosphere, and determine whether dust is being lofted into the lunar sky.”

LADEE: LUNAR ATMOSPHERE AND DUST ENVIRONMENT EXPLORER

What now????

HOW IS SPACE FLIGHT CHANGING

AFTER FUNDING SHIFT?

FAA/AST Potential Regulatory Path-- Today Public Safety, Eventually Occupant Safety

MissionAssurance

Public Safety

OccupantSafety

Public Safety

Public Safety

OccupantSafety

CurrentFAA

Licensing

LicensingHuman

Spaceflight

FAA Certification

RoutineCommercial Space Travel

Time

CertificatesProductionAirworthinessAir CarrierPilotInstructionMechanicDispatchParts

European Union - “End-of-Life Vehicles Directive”

USEPA - “Recycling and Reuse: End-of-Life Vehicles and Producer Responsibility”

Reusable Launch VehiclesRLVS

Currently: Space shuttle

Spaceports or cosmodromes are sites for launching and/or receiving spacecraft.

New common term for sub-orbital launch spaces

SPACEPORTS

Spaceport America, New Mexico.

SPACEPORT LAUNCH-ASSIST MACHINES

MagLifter

SPACEPORT LAUNCH-ASSIST MACHINES

StarTram

SUB-ORBITAL SPACE FLIGHT

What is sub-orbital space flight?

What are it’s uses?

What are the prices?

XCOR AND SXC’S – LYNX (LMI/II)

BLUE ORIGIN’S – NEW SHEPARD

VIRGIN GALACTIC – “VSS ENTERPRISE”

VIRGIN GALACTIC – SS2 OR “VSS ENTERPRISE”

WORLD NEW ENTERPRISES

Balloon Trip into AtmosphereAt 98,425 ft or ~20 mi)

Cheaper option??Only 75,000 in 8 seater capsule

Release 2016

Dauria Aerospace in conjunction with Samsung and Roscosmos

MEANWHILE IN RUSSIA…..

Habitat Demonstration Unit- Deep Space Habitat

HDU-DSH

“Even in space,

there’s no place like

home.”

What do you think about the future of NASA? Pt.2

NASA DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

Now that we’ve seen where we’re heading with less government assistance, is it worthwhile?

Was this a good or bad thing that privatization of the industry happened?

NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE

LINE?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Maggie

Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 14 Apr. 2008. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.

"Excerpt from an Address Before a Joint Session of Congress, 25 May 1961." - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum . N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.

"JFK RICE MOON SPEECH."  JFK RICE MOON SPEECH. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Al la i re

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FA A/AST and USEU Contac t s FA A/AST powerpo in t f rom a p ress con fe rence J u l y 2013

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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