the future radio access technologies - ieee...

The Future Radio Access Technologies

Yongxing ZhouVice-President, Radio Access NetworkHuawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

IEEE WCNC 201719-22 March 2017// San Francisco, CA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

The 3rd Paradigm Shift of Mobile Industry is Going to Happen

Super Connected World (5G)

Connectivity as a Service

198x 2000

Voice Era (1G) MBB Era (3G)

2020 and Beyond

Network Slice as a Service

eMBB + uRLLC + mMTC

eMBB

mMTC uRLLC


Gigantic Gap in Services & Network Requirements

1,000x 10Tb/s/km2

100x 10Gbps

1.4x 500km/h

1,000x 1M/km2

1/5x 1~5ms

99.999%

1/1,000x 90 min.

1/10x

5G

4.5G

4G

25ms10Gb/s

/km2

100Mbps

1K/km2

90 days

99.99% 350km/h

MOBILE DATA VOLUME

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

PEAK DATA RATE

MOBILITY

NUMBER OF DEVICES

E2E LATENCY

RELIABILITY

SERVICE DEPLOY. TIME

<1Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps >1Gbps data rate

>1s

100ms

10ms

1ms

Late

ncy

VR

Tactile internet

AR

Multi-person video call

Office in cloud

Autonomous car

Real time gamingDisaster alert

Automotive ecall

Sensors

Device remote control

Bi-directional remote control

Mobile video

Personal cloud

v

Source: GSMA & Huawei Wireless X Labs

Huge Difference of Network RequirementsHuge Difference of Service Experience


Service Oriented Radio and Cloud-Native Architecture

Air Interface 1

Air Interface 3

Virtual CA

Air Interface 2

Self-contained SF(DL & UL)

Flexible Frame Structure

Self-contained AI

Self-contained AI

Self-contained AI

Air Interface4

Air Interface 5

RAN Adaptation

t

f

Low UECapa-bility

Low UECapa-bility

FlexibleBW

Network Functions

Transport-UP SOC-UPRAN-UP

Business Application

Business Model Design SLA Definition

Slice Function Define

Slice Template

Slice Topology Design

SLA Decomposition

E2E SliceManagement

User Plane

SDN-Controller SOC-CPRAN-CP

Control Plane

Physical Infrastructure

NFVIRAN Transport Core

CacheMCE

Local DCCO Regional DC

MCE

MCE/V2X ServerLocal DCCO Regional DC

MCE/V2X Server

CP UP

IoT Server

Local DCCO Regional DC

Filte

red

OFD

M

Service Oriented Radio (SOR) Cloud-Native Architecture for E2E slicing


CP: ControlPlane

On demand Core for Low Latency

UP: User Plane

CO Site Local DCLocal Site Regional DC

BetterExperience

HigherEfficiencyTradeoff

RAN-NRT

RAN-NRTRAN-RT

D-GW …

D-GW …

RAN-NRTD-GW …

RAN-RT

RAN-RTMCE

MCE

MCE

VR/AR

Smart Meter

Connected Car

Edge DC

Local DC Core-UP

Metro

IP Core

Core-CP

Core-UP

• Core network user plane on-demand deploymentsupport ultra reliable and low latency business

5G Core Network

>50ms

<20ms

1~5ms

On-demand Deployment for Network Slicing


Rethink Evaluation Metric of “Spectrum Efficiency”

Full buffer（SE）

Model 1

Evaluation

Traffic Model

Time

Data amount

PHY

MAC

TCP/IP

App

PDCP/RLC

SE/throughput

Burst（UPT）

Model 2

Traffic Model

PHY

MAC

TCP/IP

App

PDCP/RLC

EvaluationTime

Data amount

UPT

From “Spectrum Efficiency” to “ User Perceived Throughput”

• User experience need be prioritized• Resource Utilization less than 20% for LTE networks

From UPT to Service Capacity• Service capacity conditioned on user experience is ensured

• UPT of 95% user 95% no less than X• Reasonable network utilization ratio is hinted

Model 3

Traffic Model

PHY

MAC

TCP/IP

App

PDCP/RLC

Time

Data amount Video Session

Burst（UPT）

Model 2

0

5

10

5% 10% 20% 40% 80%

Cell Tput

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

5% 10% 20% 40% 80%

Average UPT

0

0.5

1

1.5

5% 10% 20% 40% 80%

5% UPT

User experience decreases as cell “spectrum efficiency” increases


AR/VR will be Killer Application in 5G Era

Game Console$14bn

Notebook

$111bnTV

$99bn

Tablet$63bn

Desktop$62bn

AR/VR

$110bn

AR/VR market has huge potential by 2025 More speed/capacity required for AR/VR

Excellent Experience12000(pix) X 7800(pix)120fps1.29 Gbps

Normal Experience3960(pix) X 2160(pix)60fps

48.94 Mbps

Source: Goldman Sachs, AR&VR Report

Use Case Standard Spectrum Enabler

Source: Huawei wireless X Labs


Last-mile Fiber in the Air for Households Access

Source: ITU 2015 ICT Facts

Fiber-like experience

2017 5G WTTx Trial in Canada & US

>10Mbps 0.3bn<10Mbps 0.4bnNo Access 1bn

Australia

China

USA

Source: Public information

New Zealand

Greece

Fast TTM & ROI

Household with Internet

Recommended by regulator for NBNGreat Needs of Internet Worldwide

Wireless Home Access

5G Home Access in NA

5G Early Deployment



Connected Car is Strategic Focus by Leading Countries

China: automated driving ecosystem ready by 2025

USA：Release law to force V2V installation for new car in 2020

EU：mass production of driverless car in 2025

Korea：2021~2025，v2Xpenetration target 50%

Reduce

14%heating emission

annually

Source: USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2014

Make

1000bneconomic value

annually

Source：Rocky Mountain Institute 2016

Save

3.1bngallon oilannually

Source: Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2015

Save

1.2MPeople

annually

Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety, World Health Organization, 2015

Japan：late 2020 realize full auto-driving



5G Standardization Accelerated2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 20202017

RAN Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16Rel-13

5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2Previous TimelineGlobalLaunch

First stage accelerated to meet early demandsNon-

StandaloneNR

Full IMT-2020NR

StandaloneNR

Accelerating Decision

March


2018Q2Basic Function

Verification

2020Q2

Commercial

2019Q3

IOT Test

2017Q4

Verizon Trial5G WTTxPre-Standard

2018Q1/Q2Korea: WinterOlympicMegafon: World Cup5G eMBBPre-Standard

2020UAE ExpoTokyo OlympicChina5G E2E3GPP Compliant

Operators

NGMN


600M

5G Support Full Spectrum Access

• All Spectrum available

• C-band Suitable for 5G as global harmonized spectrum.

• mmWave: Seeking for global harmonized spectrum on Group 30 & 40.

• Rich Bandwidth• Coverage Limited• Performance & Cost Balance

• Sweet point for Massive MIMO

• 5G NR Refarming• Multiple Antenna Technology• Low Latency & Ubiquitous Coverage


700M800M900M

1400M1800M2100M2300M2600M

C-Band(~100MHz)

mmWave(~1GHz/Band)

Group 30Group 40

…


C-Band & Group 30/40 to be Global Harmonized Bands

50403020 60 8070 90 GHz

Group30 Group40 Group80Group50

Support 28/37/39/66GHz

Support 28/38GHz

Support 30~50GHz

Group 30/40 Supported by Europe/U.S./Japan/Korea

Support 26GHz

Frequencies(MHz)

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

EU Africa Arab C.I.S N.A L.A Asia

3400-3600 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

C-band will be the only choice that can globally provide at least 200M in Sub6GHz in nearly 10 years.

Candidates of WRC-19

Sub6G

mmWave

Non-candidates of WRC-19



eMBB for 5G : 3X UPT with same Tx/Rx antennas

Native MIMOBeam Space MIMO, Interference Measurement, NC-JT,…

1.4X

Native Low LatencySelf-contained SF, LDPC/Polar, 2-Stage DCI,…

1.5X

Native Clean CarrierCRS free, on-demand transmission,…

1.4X

Use Case Standard EnablerSpectrum


Native MIMO

Subframe n: measurement Subframe n+L: data transmission

数据传输 Cell 1

Cell M

pRS pRS

CPRI

Bea

m S

pac

e Tr

ansf

orm

(UN

xN)1

2

N

Inte

rfac

e

BBU

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

TR

X

DU

P

1

N

DB

F &

Dig

ital P

roce

sso

r

CPRI

Bea

m S

pac

e Tr

ansf

orm

(UN

xM)1

2

MIn

terf

ace

BBU

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

1

N

DB

F &

Dig

ital P

roce

sso

r

M

1

Full Beam Space (N DFT rays)

Reduced Beam Space(M<<N DFT rays)

CPRI

Bea

m S

pace

Tra

nsfo

rm(U

NxN

)1

2

N

Inte

rfac

e

BBU

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

TRX

DU

P

1

N

DB

F &

Dig

ital P

roce

ssor

Baseline LTE Codebook（1 DFT ray)

Interference Measurement (HL, LL)

Beam Space MIMO (HL)

1 PA

1 SF/Slot

Partial CSI and Condensed Sounding (HL)

VT 1 VT 2

UE

τ

τNon-coherent JT

PDCP

RLC

MAC

PHY PHY

User Plane Protocol Stack τ = 0:

PDCP

RLC

MAC

PHY PHY

User Plane Protocol Stack τ > 0:

MAC

RLC

Non-coherent JT for low load



Evaluation on 5G MIMO and LTE MIMO

Note Beam Space MIMO, pre-scheduled IM and CRS-free are assumed in 5G MIMO evaluations

Low load (FTP Model 1 lamda=1.5) High load (FTP Model 1 lamda=4.5)

1

0.974T2R LTE

2T2R LTEAvg. UPT

1

1.144T2R LTE

5% UPT

1.514T2R NR

2.014T2R NR

4T4R NR 2.29

3.364T4R NR

2T2R LTE

1

1.064T2R LTE

2T2R LTEAvg. UPT

1

1.174T2R LTE

5% UPT

1.854T2R NR

2.924T2R NR

4T4R NR 3.45

7.024T4R NR

2T2R LTE



Native Low Latency

Self-contained SF

LDPC (for eMBB data)• Much Lower Complexity and parallel

decoding suitable for low latency

2-Stage DCI

DL UL

SRS&UCI A/N&DCI

……

T

F

Bit (variable)nodes

Checknodes

U3

W

W

W

W

U4

U2

U1

Y4

Y2

Y3

Y1

X4

X2

X3

X1+

+

+

+

Level 1

Level 2

f

t

Pilot for data (DMRS)

GPUL

DL DL

n n+1

Initial Tx Re Tx

NAK

Super Short RTT


Polar (for eMBB control)• PC-Polar• CA-Polar


eMBB for 5G : C-band M-MIMO Boosts Capacity

Support M-MIMO with Affordable Complexity

1.8GHzMassive MIMO

2.6GHzMassive MIMO 3.5GHz

Massive MIMO

C-Band + M-MIMO Boosts DL Capacity

Mbps

90cm

40cm

57.336Mbs

1367Mbps

0.10

%

3.10

%

12.2

0%

28.4

0%

48.6

0%

65.7

0%

81.0

0%

90.3

0%

96.0

0%

99.0

0%

99.8

0%

100.

00%

1.8GHz(20M)2T2R

3.5GHz(100M)64T64R

DL Average CellThroughput

~24x

Probability(%)

40kg

1

100

...

10000

70cm

140cm100cm

50cm

>65kg 45kg



eMBB for 5G : Beam Based Access for mmWave

Beam 1 Beam N

ALL Beams ON Beam Adaptation (on/off and periodicity control)

Beam 1Beam 2Beam N-1

e.g.Beam 1 Beam N

ALL Beams ON

Beam 2Beam N

e.g.

Beam Adaptation (on/off and periodicity control)

Outer loop

xSSSIB1-2

PBCH

Inner loop (e.g. 5ms)

SIB1-2 on/off and periodicity can be configured



eMBB for 5G : Advanced Duplex Techniques

Site Division Duplex for Macro• Separate downlink and uplink “cell”

association on unpaired spectrum• Relaxed cancellation requirement at gNB

• Known interference signal (CRAN)• Site separation

D U D UTRP1 TRP2

1 2 1 1

Demo throughput on FDD

FDD（20M DL+20M UL )

Mbits/s

Full Duplex（20M）Mbits/s

DL 150.72（peak rate ) 147.93（ test rate）

UL 71.11(peak rate) 65.32（ test rate）

Demo throughput on TDD

TDD（20M,SA2,SSP7)

Mbits/s

Full Duplex（20M）Mbits/s

DL 112.47（peak rate ) 147.93（ test rate）

UL 37.53(peak rate) 65.32（ test rate）

Main boardAntennaRF Cancel

Full duplex demo for Pico



LTE & 5G NR Co-Existing

LTE UL and NR UL within the bandwidth of an LTE component carrierLTE UL and NR UL within the bandwidth of an LTE component carrier

Identify and specify at least one NR band/LTE-NR band combination

LTE 5G NR

Frequency

Frequency

Time

Traditional Refarming

LTE+NR by Coexisting

3GPP NR WI includes Co-existing support


NR Band

LTE Band


WTTx: Advanced Techniques

dT

Remote terminal

Remote terminal

Adjustable distance

CPE

Adaptive LOS MIMO for throughput boosting @ LOS channel

Multiplexing

Phase TrackingRS Data

Orthogonal Time-Frequency SC waveform for good PAPR @ NLOS channel



Video for 5G: Service Awareness and Frame Recovery

Application layer triggered frame recovery L1/L2 triggered frame recovery

UE gNB Peer

1 I-Frame

① Detect I-Frame loss

② I-Frame retrieval request

③ I-Frame retransmission

UE eNB Peer

1 I-Frame

① L1 NACK

② L1/2 ReTx



Sub6G Multi-User Field Trial

F-OFDMSCMA

Polar Code MU-MIMO

China • Chengdu

24 TUE

Sub6GHz

100MHzUL 3X connections Saving guard band

Asynchronous transmission

24 layers3.6Gbps Peak Rate

0.5~2dB gain compared with LTE Turbo Code

World’s First Large Scale Trial


Sub6G Multi-User Field Trial – P2Higher Spectral Efficiency on 5G NR

>11Gbps <0.5ms5G NR Massive MIMO Ultra U-Plane Latency

U-plane Delay

CellAverage Rate

Tokyo • Japan

23 TUE 4.5GHz 200MHz

UEs

gNB

• new frame structure and numerology• 12 UEs of both static and mobile types, 24 Layers


mmWave Multi-User Field TrialSet New 5G Record

2GHz BW @ E-band

70Gbps

MU-MIMO

2 streams per userUp to 24Gbps per user

LOS&NLOS

Each stream supportsLOS & NLOS

advanced user acquisition and beam tracking algorithms

Beam Tracking


• 5+Gbps @ 1GHz BW at 300m distance• 3Gbps @ 1GHz BW at 2km distance• Inter-site Handover

• Stable Throughput at different near LOS points) during mobilitywith beam tracking

Coverage Mobility

Mobility Test of mmWaveFirst Ever

UE

UE


• 10+Gbps@200MHz BW• 3D Beamforming• 26 Layers

• 40+Gbps@1GHz BW• 8 Users• 16 Layers

• 5Gbps+15Gbps• 8 + 8 Layers

28GHz MU-MIMO

C-band & 28GHzDual Connectivity

C-band MU-MIMO

Compact Design for Verification in Commercial Environment Unified platform for low & high band

High & Low Band Hybrid NetworkingHigh Spectral Efficiency

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