the generation of computer by p.jeyapiranavan
DESCRIPTION
THE GENERATION OF COMPUTERANDTYPE OF COMPUTERTRANSCRIPT
THE GENERATION OF COMPUTER
AND
TYPE OF COMPUTER
P.JEYAPIRANAVAN
BAT/AC/2014/0026
HNDA
THE GENERATION OF COMPUTER
• The characteristics of modern age computers are based on this generation. Each generations of computer is characterized by a major technological development that improves the speed, power and efficiency of a computer. The computers in modern age are categorized in five generations.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER
1ST GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1951-1958)
2ND GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1959-1963)
3RD GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1964-1979)
4TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1979)
5TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER
1ST GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1951-1958)
• First generation computers were used vacuum tubes as electronic component.
• These magnetic drums were used for memory.• These computers relied on machine language to perform operations.• The input was based on punched card, and output was printed on
paper.• These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time.• The size of computers was very large i.e. non portable computers.• The speed of these computers was very slow.• Vacuum tubes required great amounts of energy• They generated much heat i.e. unreliable.• They required air conditioning.
APPLICATIONS:THESE COMPUTERS WERE USED FOR RECORD KEEPING AND PAYROLL PROCESSING.
Computers of First Generation: ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC, IBM etc.
EDSAC
2ND GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1959-1963)
• This generation computers are used transistors instead of vacuum tube.• The magnetic core technology was used for memory at that time• Assembly language and high level languages were used for
programming.• These computers are still relied on punched card for input and print out
for output.• These computers smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable and energy
efficient as compare of their time.• The transistors still generated a great amount of heat.• They required air conditioning.• They required frequent maintenance.• These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time.• The commercial production was difficult and costly.
APPLICATIONS: THESE COMPUTERS WERE USED FOR KEEPING PAYROLL PROCESSING, UPDATING FILES ETC.
Computers of Second Generation: IBM-1401, IBM-1600 series, UNIVAC III etc
3RD GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1964-1979)
• This generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs)• The main memory increased in the form of PROM and D-ROM and
magnetic disc used as storage device.• High level languages were developed including BASIC, PASCAL etc.• These computers used keyboard for input and monitor for output.• These computer smaller, faster, cheaper, more reliable and energy
efficient than previous generations.• These computers didn’t generate a great amount of heat.• The hardware, failure was very rare.• The commercial production was easier and cheaper.• They required air conditioning.• Highly sophisticated technology was required for the manufacturing of ICs.
APPLICATIONS: THESE COMPUTERS WERE USED FOR RECORD KEEPING, AIRLINE RESERVATIONS, WEATHER FARE CASTING ETC.
Computers of Third Generation: IBM 360, IBM 370, INTEL 4004 etc.
IBM 360
4TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1979)
• This generation computers used microprocessor which contains thousands of ICs on a single silicon chip.
• These computers are more powerful, which could be linked together to forms networks.
• Floppy disk (8 and 5.25 inches) and hard disk were used as storage devices.• The graphics user interfaces (GUIs), the mouse and hand held devices were
developed.• These computer smaller, faster, cheaper, more reliable and energy efficient
than previous generations.• The first portable computer (Osborne I) was developed.• Heat generation and hardware, failure was negligible.• Much easier high level languages were developed. Example: C language.• Much sophisticated technology was required to fabricate ICs.
APPLICATIONS: THESE COMPUTERS ARE USED IN MANY FIELDS SUCH AS BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC FUNDS, TRANSFER, CAD SYSTEM ETC.
Computers of Fourth Generations: INTEL-8008, IBM-3033, IBM system 36 etc.
5TH GENERATION OF COMPUTER
• This generation computers are based on artificial intelligence which is still in development.
• The quantum computation and molecular nano technology will change the face of computer in future.
• More improve microprocessor are develop.• Natural languages were developing for programming such as SQL,
PROLOG etc.• The main memory is now in the form of EEPROM, SIMM, and
DIMM.• CDS, DVDS, and USBS ARE USED as storage devices.• These generation computers are smaller, cheaper, more reliable
and faster than previous generations.
APPLICATIONS: THESE COMPUTERS ARE USED IN ALL FIELDS OF LIFE SUCH AS HOME, EDUCATION, BUSINESS ETC.
Computers of Fifth Generations: INTEL Pentium series, Diary computer, Palmtop etc.
1stGeneration 2ndGeneration 3rdGeneration 4thGeneration 5thGeneration
Duration 1940-1956 1956-1964 1964-1971 1971-1981 1981-present
Internal component
Vacuum tubes TransistorsIntegrated circuit
(ICS)Micro-processor
Artificial intelligence
Size of computer Very hugeSmaller than 1stgeneration
Much smaller than previous generations
Micro- computers Tiny computers
Storage devices Magnetic tape Magnetic tape Magnetic tapeHard disk & floppy disk
Hard disk, floppy and optical
storage
Programming languages
Machine languageAssembly language
High level languages such as BASIC, PASCAL
Very high level languages C, C+
+ etc
Natural language like SQL,
PROLOG etc
Famous computersENIAC,
UNIVAC, IBM 705 etc
IBM-400, IBM-1600, UNIVAC III
etc
IBM 360, IBM 370, UNIVAC
9000 etc
IBM 3033, IBM system 36, CRAY-
I etc
Pentium series, LAPTOP,
PALMTOP etc
GENERATION TABLE P.J
Types Of Computer
Based on purpose
General purpose
computer
Based on capacity Based on data handling
P.J
Based on purpose
General purpose computer• These computers are designed to handle a
variety of problems in different fields of life.• Examples: Inventory control, Budgeting etcSpecial purpose computer• These computers are designed to handle a
specific problems or specific task.• Examples: Satellite tracking, Air traffic and
industrial processing control.Atm.
Based on capacity
• Mainframe computers• Mini computers• Super computers• Micro computer
Mainframe computers• Mainframe computers are the biggest and the most
protective general purpose systems that are made to model large dynamic computing needs of a big organization that serves hundreds of terminals all at the same time. A terminal consists of a monitor and keyboard that allow a person to enter information and retrieve it form the computer.
• Uses:• These computer are used in large organization banks, airline
reservation etc.• Examples: IBMS/390, HP9000 etc.
Mini computers• Mini computer are referred to as mid level computers. A mini
computer is a multiprocessing system having terminals attached to it and is capable of supporting 4 to 200 users simultaneously.
• Uses:• These computers are used in small companies where capacity and speed
of operations is not highly critical.• Examples: DEC, VAX and IBM As/400 etc.
IBM As/400
Super computers• Super computer are very sophisticated machines designed to
perform complex calculation at fastest speed BIPS (Billions of Instructions per Second). These computers are based on the principle of parallel processing in which several processors connected in parallel. These computers work on a single problem at a time.
• Uses:• These computers are used in satellite tracking, nuclear weapons,
weather for casting etc.• Examples: Cray research, Cyber 205, Intel etc. PARAM 8000
• PARAM 8600,PARAM 9900/SS, PARAM Padma,
• • •
Cyber 205
Micro computer
• A micro computer consists of a single chip processor as it CPU, memory unit, I/O devices and storage devices. These computers are designed to be used by individual.
• Uses:• These computers are widely used in home computing,
education, media etc.• Example: Personal computers (PC), Laptop, Palmtop computers etc.
Based on data handling
• Analog computer• Digital computer• Hybrid computer
Analog computer• Analog computers are designed to process continuous data.
They produce their results very fast but results are approximately correct. In general, they are measuring devices used to measure continuously variable quantities.
• Uses:These computers are used in chemical industries, electric power
plants etc• Examples: Thermometer, Speedometer, Voltmeter, Barometer etc.
Digital computer
• Digital computers are designed to process discontinuous or digital data. They have less speed then analog computers but results are much accurate. It handles values that are in discrete (0 and
• Uses:• These computers are used in government offices, educational
institutes, and business organization etc.• Examples: Personal computer (PC), Digital diary, Calculator etc
Hybrid computer
• Hybrid computers are designed by the combination of analog and digital computers. They have speed of analog computers and have the accuracy of digital computers. It uses analog to digital conversation and digital to analog conversion.
• Uses:• These components are used in space vehicle simulation, training of
astronauts, robotics etc.• Examples: Modern petrol pump, Electronic weight balance, Digital speedometer.
Internet Citations1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type ofComputer
2. http://www.slideshare.net/FRKNIAZI/143517-291150thefivegenerationsofcompute
3. http://www.slideshare.net/looksvivek/the-5-generations-of-computers#
4. http://www.khinotes.net/INTRODUCTION-TO-COMPUTER.html