the genetics of bacteria. circular dna o ` circular dna - double stranded aka. its chromosome in...
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The Genetics of The Genetics of BacteriaBacteria
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o`Circular DNACircular DNA - double stranded aka. its chromosome in nucleoid
Bacterial Bacterial Genome:Genome:
o PlasmidPlasmid - small circles of “extra” DNA - not necessary for survival, however -
important traitsfertility factor, antibiotic resistance
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Bacterial chromo. replicatesBacterial chromo. replicates
-two copies move apart-cell grows
-plasma membrane pinches
-new cell wall deposited
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division produces CLONE
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Origin of Replication
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Replication in both directions
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Replication Forks move bidirectionly until they meet
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Genetically identical daughter cells (clones)
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mutations produce mutations produce genetic variation genetic variation
rapidly b/c rapidly b/c generational time is generational time is
sooooooo fastsooooooo fast
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:Mutants -
no growth - cannot synthesis required amino acid
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
Combine
growth
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransformationTransformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environmento TransductionTransduction -
o ConjugationConjugation -
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransformationTransformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environment into its chromosome.
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransformationTransformation
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransductionTransduction -A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransductionTransduction -A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransductionTransduction -A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`TransductionTransduction -A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`ConjugationConjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli.
F factor = fertility factor
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F+
HFR
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Genetic Genetic Recombination:Recombination:
o`ConjugationConjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli.
R plasmid = resistance plasmid
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“moveable genetic elements”
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portions change locations within the chromosome, or they may copy into a new location.
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GENETIC RESHUFFLING
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1983 Nobel prize winner
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Transposons - Example
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Bacterial Genetic Recombinations
1. Transformation2. Transduction3. Conjugation4. Plasmids5. Transposons
Be able to discuss a few of these methods.