the geography of africa what are the main ideas concerning africa? fertile soil along the nile river...
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![Page 1: The Geography of Africa What are the main ideas concerning Africa? Fertile soil along the Nile River encouraged the rise of great civilizations (ex](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072010/56649dda5503460f94ad0a1e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Geography of Africa
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What are the main ideas concerning Africa?
• Fertile soil along the Nile River encouraged the rise of great civilizations (ex. Egypt)
• Many geographic features in Africa have prevented contact, trade & unity among people
• Many of these same features limit European knowledge of Africa “the Dark Continent”
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What are the main physical features of Africa?
• PHYSICAL FEATURES
• Sahara Desert• smooth coastline• lack of navigable
rivers• Great Rift Valley• high plateau
• RESULT• Groups are kept
separate - - • 800 different
languages are spoken in modern Africa
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How did diversity leads to Imperialism?
• Raw materials and resources lead to European interest in Africa
• Africa’s geographical divisions prevents the Africans from cooperating to resist
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What are some interesting statistics?
• 2nd largest continent- - 11,700,000 square miles!
• That’s 20.2% of the earth
• And 3x the size of the USA
• 778,000,000 people• 55 countries
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What is the topography?
• Deserts– 40% of the land surface of Africa– slows cultural diffusion - does not totally
prevent it
• Sahara -- North Africa– 1/3 of the continent (= to the USA!!)– majority is rock and gravel
• Kalahari--Southwest Africa
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True desert spreads into semi-arid regions
P rob lem : D esertifica tion
m a ln u trit ion s ta rva tion p overty
S ah e l D esert(sou th S ah ara )
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What are the causes of desertification?
• Farmers use semi-arid land next to desert - yields poor crop
• Overgrazing by cattle and goats
• Overcutting of trees for firewood
• With no grass or tree roots, the topsoil With no grass or tree roots, the topsoil blows away, the desert advancesblows away, the desert advances
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What are the solutions to desertification?
• Crop rotation
• Terracing to prevent soil from washing away
• Tree belts to stop erosion and hold soil in place
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What are some important information about the mountains?• East Africa-
– caused by volcanic activity– section of the land sank - causing the Great Rift
Valley– Atlas (NW)– Drakensberg (SE)– Ethiopian Highlands– Famous peaks - Mt. Kenya & Mt. Kilimanjaro
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How do the rivers impact Africa?
• Depth varies depending on the season
• Plateaus prevent easy navigation
• Therefore, the interior of Africa remained Therefore, the interior of Africa remained largely unexplored largely unexplored
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River (Nile River)
• 4,180 miles long (world’s longest!!)
• flows NORTH
• Source - - Lake Victoria
• Delta - - Egypt
• Floods annually – One of the most densely populated region in
Africa
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• Waterfalls and rapids prevent easy navigation
• Congo - 3000 miles long
• Niger - ancient civilizations flourished here
• Zambezi - Victoria Falls, used for hydro-electric power
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How is the coastline of Africa?
• Smooth
• Few natural harbors - hard to land ships
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What is the climate determined by? rainfall, latitude and
elevation• Savanna - 40%, safari!!
• Tropical Rainforest - 8%,
• Desert - 40%
• Mediterranean - 12%, good farm land
• About 85% of the land is not suited to About 85% of the land is not suited to farmingfarming
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What are some of the Natural Resources that are prevalent to
Africa?• Farming
– peanuts, cotton, cocoa, coffee
• Minerals– diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt
• Water– hydroelectric power