The Geography of Demandfor Tourism

Learning Objectives

1.   Explain the term tourist demand and distinguish between effective and suppressed demand.

2.      Understand the concepts of travel propensity and frequency.

3.      Identify the motivations and determinants of demand for tourism.

4.   Explain the influence of stage in economic development, population factors, and political regimes on demand for tourism.

5.      Understand the influence of personal variables on the demand for tourism.

6.     Appreciate the main barriers to travel which lead to suppressed

demand.

The Geography of Demand forTourism

• Tourism: A Basic Human Right?

• Definition of Tourism Demand

• Concepts of Tourism Demand

• Determinants at the World Scale 1

• Determinants at the World Scale 2

• Determinants at the World Scale 3

• Determinants at the Personal Scale 1

• Determinants at the Personal Scale 1

• Suppressed Demand

Tourism: A Basic Human Right?

• UN 1948 – Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• UN 1967 – Holidays with Pay• Manila Declaration 1980• Osaka 1994• Cairo 1995• 1999 Global Code of Ethics for consuming

tourism

Definition of Tourism Demand

“The total number of persons who travel or wish to travel to use tourist facilities

away from their places of work and residence.”

(Mathieson and Wall, 1982)

Concepts of Tourism Demand

• Effective Demand

• Suppressed– Potential or

– Deferred

• No demand

• Travel propensity– Net

– Gross

Box 2.1

Determinants of TourismDemand at the World Scale 1

• Stage of Economic Development– Traditional society– Preconditions for take-off– Take-off– Drive to maturity– High mass consumption

Table 2.1

Figure 2.1

Determinants of TourismDemand at the World Scale 2

• Demographic: The demographic transition:

– High stationary phase– Early expanding phase– Late expanding phase– Low stationary phase

Figure 2.2

Determinants of TourismDemand at the World Scale 3

• Other factors: Politics– complexion– groupings– deregulation– instability

Determinants at the Personal Scale 1

Life Style:

• Leisure time• Income• Occupation• Mobility• Education• Life styles? – all related?

Determinants at the Personal Scale 2

Life cycle: - age and domestic age:

• Children• Young adult• Marriage• Marriage + children• Empty nest• Old age

Suppressed Demand

• Time

• Sickness

• Family

• Expense

• Politics

• Terrorism, tsunami