—

There is no country in the world with the diversity, confidence, talent and black pride of Nigeria.

Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan journalist (2014)

1 A Booming Nation Convince a group of European entrepreneurs to invest in Nigeria

2 Nigeria's Challenges Record a bulletin on Nigeria’s contemporary challenges

3 A Festival of Arts Tweet about Nigerian culture

2

Create an interactive map of Nigeria

YOUR FlNAL TASK

The Giant of Africa

ISSUE AT STAKEIs Nigeria a rich or a poor country?

ON YOUR WAY TO THE TASK

THE lDEA OF PROGRESS

[ 30 ] Unit 2

When it comes to wealth, Nigeria’s greatest riches are the gifts bestowed on us by Mother Nature.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian novelist, Americanah (2013)

1. What do you know about Nigeria?v To my knowledge, ...v As far as I know, ...

2. Look at the map and the captions. What can you say about Nigeria’s strengths and weaknesses?

v Nigeria is a land of / seems to be a very…v Nigeria relies on... v However, they have to cope with...

3. What is the official language? What does it tell you about the country’s history?

v I suppose / guess that Nigeria was...v Nigeria must have been...

4. Read the quotes. What do they tell you about Nigeria’s potential?

5. Why is Nigeria known as “the Giant of Africa”?

Toolbox •coastal /ˈkəʊstəl/: côtier(-ère)•densely populated /densliˈpɑpjəleɪt̬ɪd/•Nigerian /naɪˈdʒɪəriən/•Sub-Saharan Africa /sʌbsəˈhɑːrən/

•an asset /ˈæset/: un atout ≠ a liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ / a weakness /ˈwiːknəs/: une faiblesse

•to be bordered by /ˈbɔːdərd/: être frontalier de•to cope with /kəʊp/: faire face à

CD : 13Élève : 9

Flag

Population 182,202,000

Surface 923,768 km2

Official language English

Other languages Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba

GDP $1.109 trillion

Watch the video “Lagos: African Model Mega-City”.

1. Where is Lagos located?

2. Describe the city of Lagos. Why is it a model mega-city?

3. What can you do in Lagos?

www.community.emdl.frGO FURTHER...

Anticipate

Unit 2 [ 31 ]

1 NationA BoomingYour Task

Convince a group of European entrepreneurs to invest in Nigeria

2. Come to Nigeria!1. Look at the picture. What are Nigeria’s touristic assets?

v Judging from the picture, I’d say that...

2. Listen and take as many notes as you can about Nigeria’s tourism industry.

3. Sum up the reasons for visiting Nigeria. v People can visit Nigeria to + V / for + V-ing... v What makes Nigeria a touristic country is...

4. Write a text to convince your family to visit Nigeria.v We should visit... because...v Why not travel to Nigeria... v Maybe we should think about + N / V-ing...

1. A New Dawn1. What do you think are the most dynamic sectors in Nigeria today?

v I’d say that...v I guess / reckon / believe that...

2. Read the text and make a list of the different sectors that are evoked.

3. Can you explain the main developments in those different fields?

v Nigeria used to + V...v What changed is that...

4. Why is agriculture considered as the sector with “the greatest potential” (l. 15)?

v Agriculture provides Nigeria with...

5. Sum up this speech in less than 100 words.

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Ladies and gentlemen, nothing is more important than food. A nation that does not feed itself becomes a threat to its own sovereign existence. Growing our own food, processing what we produce, becoming competitive in export markets, and creating jobs all across our economy, are crucial for our national security.

Nigeria was food self-sufficient in the 1960s and was well known for its global position in major agricultural commodities. Then we found oil and became too dependent on it. Nigeria soon became a net food-importing nation, spending on average $11 billion on importing wheat, rice, sugar, and fish alone.

Diamonds may last forever, but oil does not. The future trajectory of earnings from crude oil does not look good, as other nations are finding shale oil and shale gas. We must free ourselves from dependency on crude oil. Agriculture is the sector where we have the greatest potential to achieve this — and now is the time. (...)

Agriculture has become the new buzz in Nigeria. Young graduates are moving into agriculture as a business. Just last week, President Goodluck Jonathan launched the Youth Employment in Agriculture Program to create a new generation of young commercial farmers and agriculture entrepreneurs (“Nagropreneurs”). The program will develop a total of 760,000 “Nagropreneurs” within five years. Today, bankers are leaving the banks and heading for agriculture. The new millionaires of Nigeria will be in agriculture. It is a new dawn.

The journey to make Nigeria a global powerhouse in food is still ongoing. But the results we have achieved in two years make me confident that we will get there. For agriculture was Nigeria’s past and in agriculture — as a business — lies Nigeria’s greater future!

Dr Akinwumi Adesina, Honorable Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development’s speech in New York (2013)

Anticipate

Anticipate

Audio TimeCD : 14

Nigerian farmer (2012)

A tourist in Oshogbo Sacred Forest (2016)

[ 32 ] Unit 2

What are Nigeria’s potential assets?

Looking for investorsYou work as an ambassador for the Nigerian government. Convince a group of European entrepreneurs to invest in the country.

v Nigeria is about to...v This country is the most...v Nigeria is bound to...

Your Task

Toolbox •breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/•confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/•dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/• impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/•prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/

= roaring /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/•stunning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/:

éblouissant(e)•touristy /ˈtʊərɪsti/: (péj.)

touristique

•agriculture /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃə/•an asset /ˈæset/: un actif,

un atout•a diaspora /daɪˈæspərə/ •an entrepreneur /ɒntrəprəˈnɜːr/

•a freelance worker•a must-see /ˈmʌstsiː/

•to be worth + V-ing /w3ːθ/: en valoir la peine

•to develop /dɪˈveləp/•to enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/:

améliorer, accroître•to invest /ɪnˈvest/•to fund /fʌnd/: financer•to launch into /lɔːntʃ/:

se lancer dans•to promote /prəˈməʊt/:

promouvoir •to provide (sb) with (sth)

/prəˈvaɪd/: donner qqch à qqn

3. Naija Made Me1. Read A TOUCH OF CULTURE and look at the pictures. What is the objective of the campaign?

v The word “Naija” symbolises...v The campaign aims at V-ing / aims to + V...

2. Read the text and make a list of the different places mentioned.

3. Who do you think the “young returnees” are?

4. In your opinion, what might be the pros and cons of living in Lagos for the returnees?

v They are probably frustrated because...v They may miss...v Maybe they...

5. What is the narrator’s opinion on the “Nigerpolitan Club”?

Lagos has never been, will never be, and has never aspired to be like New York, or anywhere else for that matter. Lagos has always been undisputably itself, but you would not know this at the meeting of the Nigerpolitan Club, a group of young returnees who gather every week to moan about the many ways that Lagos is not like New York as though Lagos had ever been close to being like New York. Full disclosure: I am one of them. Most of us have come back to make money in Nigeria, and even though our complaints are legitimate, I imagine myself as an outsider saying: Go back where you came from!

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Americanah (2013)

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A TOUCH OF CULTURE “Naija” is a word coined by Nigeria’s youth. It represents the new Nigeria, the true Nigeria that they are striving to build. “Nai” refers to the old Nigeria, corrupted and with a bad image, and “Ja” is a slang word for “disappear”.

Anticipate

#Naijamade, an online campaign (2015)

CD : 15Élève : 10

Unit 2 [ 33 ]

ChallengesNigeria's 21. Bring Back Our Girls1. Have you heard about “the Nigerian schoolgirls”? React to the picture.

2. Read and present Boko Haram. What have they done in Nigeria?

3. Put the events in the right order.a. A hashtag campaign was

launched.b. Hundreds of women protested.c. The government did not react.d. Boko Haram terrorized local

populations.e. Boko Haram abducted girls

in Chibok.f. Boko Haram still kidnaps girls

today.

4. Write a paragraph with these sentences, using link words.

5. In groups, think about a problem that the world is confronted with. Create a hashtag to raise awareness about it. Then, explain your choice.

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10

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20

Explaining Boko HaramBoko Haram is an Islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its five-year insurgency in Nigeria.

The deadly bombings and brazen kidnappings are the hallmarks of the insurgent group, which has terrorized local populations and regularly engages the Nigerian military in bloody combat. It aims to destabilize and ultimately overthrow the government, then establish an Islamic caliphate in its place.

But the group attracted international attention when, on April 15 2014, militants marched into a girls’ school in Chibok, in the remote northeast corner of the country, kidnapped more than 250 teenagers, loaded them onto trucks and drove them into a dense forest at night. The government’s failure to respond to the enraged parents of the girls prompted a rare, grassroots protest movement to pressure President Goodluck Jonathan to take action. Several hundred women marched on the Parliament building in Abuja, and a social media campaign employing the hashtag #BringBackOurGirls took off.

The situation has worsened since then: a Human Rights Watch report released in October estimated that at least 500 women and girls have been abducted by Boko Haram since it began its insurgency in 2009.

The New York Times (2014)

2. A Class Apart?1. Look at the image and make hypotheses about what the podcast might be about.

v I’d say that... v It might be about…

2. Listen to the beginning of the podcast. Who are Mrs Walker and Mrs Ekine? What are they talking about?

3. Listen to the interview and write down the reasons why it is hard for girls to get into schools.

4. Listen again. Focus on the second problem and take as many notes as you can. Then, write a short report for an international press agency explaining the situation and offering some solutions.

Nigerian School GIrls, J.D. Crowe (2014)

Anticipate

Nigerian girls at school © Unicef (2013)

21th Century

Early 2000sEthnic and religious tensions reach a peak between Hausan from mainly-Islamic north and Yorubas from predominantly-Christian southwest.

Anticipate

Your TaskRecord a bulletin on Nigeria’s contemporary challenges

Audio Time

CD : 16-18

20th Century

1960Nigeria becomes independent. Ethnic and religious tensions soon arise.

1967-70Three states secede and proclaim the Republic of Biafra: the Nigerian Civil War (or Biafran War) ends in 1970 with the surrender of the Biafran forces.

19th Century The British colonise the region and decide on the borders of “Nigeria”.

[ 34 ] Unit 2

What challenges is Nigeria facing today?

3. Tackling Corruption 1. Read the quote. Is black gold a curse or a blessing, according to the writer?

v According to the writer... v Black gold seems to be…v Wole Soyinka claims / states /

argues that…

2. Look at the still and the title to anticipate on the video.

v Given the title, I suppose the video must deal with...

3. Watch the first part of the video and explain what happened in Bodo.

4. Watch the second part of the video and list the people responsible for what happened in Bodo.

5. Would “small-scale refineries” be a solution? Why? Give details.

6. Do you think Nigeria would be “a more highly developed country without the oil”, as Wole Soyinka suggests? Why?

v It’s hard to say but in my opinion...

Anticipate

Toolbox •corrupted /kəˈrʌptɪd/•dishonest /dɪˈsɒnɪst/•unscrupulous /ʌnˈskruːpjʊləs/

•a bribe /ˈbraɪb/: un pot-de-vin•a coup /kuː/: un coup d’état •an issue /ˈɪʃuː/: un problème,

une question•an oil spill /ɔɪl spɪl/: une marée

noire•room for improvement

/ɪmˈpruːvmənt/: marge de progression

•to be concerned about /kənˈsɜːnd/: être préoccupé(e) par

•to bribe /braɪb/: soudoyer, corrompre•to create awareness /əˈweərnəs/:

éveiller les consciences, sensibiliser•to tackle /ˈtækl/ / to deal with /

to address /əˈdres/ a problem •to take action /teɪkˈækʃən/•to take hostages /teɪkˈhɒstɪdʒɪz/•to take up a challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/:

relever un défi•to worsen /ˈwɜːsn/: empirer,

se dégrader, s'aggraver

2003 The first elections since the end of the military rule are held.

2010More than 500 people are killed in clashes between Christian and Muslim gangs.

2014Boko Haram kidnaps more than 200 girls from a boarding school.

2015Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Niger form a military coalition against Boko Haram.

Anticipate

A TV guestThe host of a TV show wants you to take part in a special programme on Nigeria with a recorded speech that will be aired during the broadcast. Record a two-minute speech on three of the main challenges that Nigeria is facing today: education, terrorism and corruption. Don’t forget to give ideas about how they can deal with those problems.

Your TaskCD : 19Élève : 11

I am convinced that Nigeria would have been a more highly developed country without the oil. I wish we’d never smelled the fumes of petroleum.

Wole Soyinka, Nigerian Nobel Prize for Literature in 1986

The true price of crude oil, The Guardian (2013)

Video TimeDVD : 2-4

2000 After years of tension, Nigeria cedes sovereignty over the Bakassi peninsula to neighbouring Cameroon.

Unit 2 [ 35 ]

of Arts3Your Task

Tweet about Nigerian cultureA Festival

1. Nollywood1. What does the name “Nollywood” make you think of? Check your hypotheses with A TOUCH OF CULTURE .

2. Look at the poster and imagine what Nollywood stories deal with.

v Nollywood stories must be about...v Nollywood movies are likely to deal with...

3. Listen to the interview and take notes on Emem Isong and her work.

4. What innovations did she bring to Nollywood?

5. What kind of films do you like? Would you like to watch a Nollywood movie? Why? Why not?

v I’m (totally) into... So...v I’m mad / crazy about...v I’m not too keen on... and...

2. Portraying the Nation1. Look at the still and the title. What do you think the video is about?

2. Watch and take notes. Share your findings with your classmates.

3. Watch again and focus on Olatunji’s art and career. What have you found out about him?

v He has succeeded because…v He has achieved + N…

4. What makes a portrait beautiful according to him?v In his opinion, ...

5. Do you think art makes Nigeria richer? v Thanks to art, Nigeria may / will + V...v Art has (not) contributed to Nigeria’s wealth,

since / because...

Anticipate

Anticipate

A TOUCH OF CULTURE “Nollywood” is the name of the Nigerian film industry, based in Lagos and Kano. It is the third-largest film industry in the world with more than 1,200 low-budget movies produced each year.

Anticipate

Audio Time

CD : 20

Contemporary Nigerian art is a hit, AP (2010)

Video TimeDVD : 5

Toolbox •cheap /tʃiːp/•cheesy /ˈtʃiːzɪ/ = corny /ˈkɔːnɪ/: ringard(e)•flamboyant /flæmˈbɔɪənt/: haut(e) en couleur•glamourous /ˈɡlæmərəs/• iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/•striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ = impressive

•an achievement /əˈtʃi:vmənt/: une réussite•an art dealer /ɑːtˈdiːlər/: un(e) marchand(e) d’art• literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə/•a novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/: un(e) romancier(-ière)•a work of art /wɜːk əv ɑːt/: une oeuvre d’art

• to achieve /əˈtʃiːv/: accomplir, atteindre• to be crazy about stg /ˈkreɪzɪ/• to be in vogue /vəʊg/ = to be all the rage /reɪdʒ/:

être en vogue, faire fureur• to make a splash = to be successful /səkˈsesfʊl/ =

to succeed /səkˈsiːd/

CD : 21Élève : 12

Kiss & Tell, a film produced by Emem Isong © Royal Arts Academy (2011)

[ 36 ] Unit 2

Your TaskTime to tweet!You are the community manager for the Nigerian Ministry of Culture. Write a tweet (including at least one hashtag) to promote Nigerian culture. Remember that you are limited to 140 characters!

1. Look at the book covers and read the reviews. Which book would you prefer to read? Why?

2. Find the following information about Ms Adichie in the text: full name, age, nationality, place of residence, bibliography and awards.

3. Is Ms Adichie a successful writer? Find at least three justifications.

4. How has the publishers’ opinion changed about Nigerian authors?

5. Use the Internet to present one of these writers: Chinua Achebe, Helen Oyeyemi or Ben Okri.

3. Nigerian Literature Is Booming

New Wave of African Writers With an International Bent

More than a decade ago, when the young Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was struggling to get her first novel, Purple Hibiscus, published, an agent told her that things would be easier “if only you were Indian,” because Indian writers were in vogue. Another suggested changing the setting from Nigeria to America. Ms. Adichie didn’t take this as commentary on her work, she said, but on the timidity of the publishing world when it came to unknown writers and unfamiliar cultures, especially African ones.

These days she wouldn’t receive that kind of advice. Black literary writers with African roots (though some grew up elsewhere), mostly young cosmopolitans who write in English, are making a splash in the book world, especially in the United States. They are on best-seller lists, garner high profile reviews and win major awards, in America and in Britain. Ms Adichie, 36, the author of Americanah, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction this year, is a prominent member of an expanding group that includes Dinaw Mengestu, Helen Oyeyemi, NoViolet Bulawayo, Teju Cole, Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor and Taiye Selasi, among others.

Ms Adichie, who divides her time between the United States and Nigeria and runs a summer writing workshop in Lagos, has now written three well-received novels and a book of stories. She has amassed awards and has a movie adaptation this year of her novel Half of a Yellow Sun, about the Biafran war. She even made it into a Beyoncé song: “Flawless,” released in December, sampled several lines about feminism from a public lecture she gave.

The success of Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), after the critical embrace of Purple Hibiscus (2003), was a major factor in sending publishers scrambling to find other talented African writers.

The flowering of new African writers is “an amazing phenomenon,” said Manthia Diawara, a professor of comparative literature and film at New York University. “It is a literature more about being a citizen of the world — going to Europe, going back to Lagos,” he said. “Now we are talking about how the West relates to Africa and it frees writers to create their own worlds. They have several identities and they speak several languages.”

Felicia R. Lee, The New York Times (2014)

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What are the cultural forces of this young and emerging nation?

“A brilliant exploration of being African in America.”The Sunday Telegraph

“A precise and poetic meditation on love, race, identity, friendship, memory, [and] dislocation.”The Economist

“It provides evidence of a vivid imagination capable of moving freely between cultures and continents. Haunting and suspense-filled.” The Washington Post

Unit 2 [ 37 ]

Lonely Planet is launching a new Nigerian travel guide. You have been appointed to create an interactive map of the country that will be included in the app.

Download a map of Nigeria from www.community.emdl.fr. You can also use another one of your choice.

Look at the map, revise the unit and decide on the topics that you will cover. Think about tourist spots, cultural landmarks, conflict areas...

Write a draft version of the texts (a minimum of five). You can start practising the pronunciation of the texts that you will record.

Select the parts of the map that will be associated with each text (written or audio). Include images and illustrations in the map to make it attractive.

Go to www.community.emdl.fr and download Image Actives. Import your image and the audio files you recorded and embed them on the map.

1

2

3

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5

Create an interactive map of Nigeria

Toolbox •Welcome to Nigeria, a land of... • Immerse yourself in...•This place is a must-see...•One of Nigeria’s most important... is...•What about driving to the highlands of Obudu

Mountain Resort?

CD : 22Élève : 13

Tips & Tricks Keep it simple! Utilisez des phrases simples afin de retenir l’attention de votre public et structurez votre récit avec des mots de liaison (since, for, although...).

Make it snappy! Souvenez-vous que votre but est de donner envie aux gens de découvrir le Nigéria. Soyez enthousiaste. Don’t rush! On vous comprendra mieux si vous prenez votre temps en parlant. Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse! Enregistrez-vous et réécoutez-vous afin d’être le plus fluide possible.

Your Final Task

Zuma Rock is a must-see. It is located to the north of Nigeria's capital Abuja.

[ 38 ] Unit 2

Nollywood is based in Lagos and Kano. It is the third-largest movie industry in the world.

Nigeria is one of the most exciting places to visit in Africa.

Nigeria’s national parks are home to...

Réalisation de la tâche

La plupart des éléments demandés (lieu, attractions, etc.) sont traités, mais présentés de manière peu élaborée. Il y a au moins trois documents audio et la carte est un minimum illustrée.

Tous les éléments demandés sont traités. Des efforts pour complexifier le propos et le rendre vivant. Les documents audio sont intéressants et variés.

Les descriptions produites sont remarquables pour l'intérêt de leur contenu et la qualité formelle de leur réalisation (son et illustration). Le propos est argumenté et convaincant.

Le résultat ressemble à une véritable carte interactive d'un guide voyage pour l’intérêt de son contenu et la qualité formelle de sa réalisation.

Qualité de la production orale

La prononciation est suffisamment claire pour être généralement comprise, malgré un net accent étranger. A2

Le discours est assez fluide. La prononciation est toujours intelligible, malgré un accent étranger et quelques erreurs de prononciation. B1

La prononciation se rapproche de l’authenticité. Un auditeur natif n’aurait pas de mal à comprendre. B2

Peut s’exprimer avec aisance et spontanéité, presque sans effort. C1

Maîtrise de la grammaire et du vocabulaire

Les phrases restent simples, mais généralement correctes. Des erreurs élémentaires sont possibles. A2/A2+ Des efforts pour employer certains des faits de langue de l’unité (l’expression du futur...). Exploitation d’une partie des mots et expressions vus en cours, mais le répertoire est encore restreint.

Les phrases ne comportent pratiquement pas d'erreurs élémentaires. Les structures étudiées dans l’unité sont fréquemment réutilisées et bien maîtrisées. De nombreux éléments lexicaux du cours sont réemployés. B1

Les phrases ne comportent aucune erreur élémentaire. L'élève possède une gamme assez étendue de la langue pour pouvoir faire des descriptions claires, exprimer son point de vue et développer une argumentation sans chercher ses mots de manière évidente. B2

Un haut degré de correction grammaticale ; les erreurs sont rares et généralement auto-corrigées quand elles surviennent. C1

Valeur chiffrée (équivalences)

De 5 à 9/20 De 10 à 15/20 De 16 à 20/20 Au-delà des attentes du cycle terminal

Niveau 1 Niveau 2 Niveau 3 Niveau 4

Unit 2 [ 39 ]

Your SkillsTest

Un article de presse transmet de l’information et doit permettre au lecteur de comprendre tous les enjeux. Voici quelques astuces pour écrire votre article.

» Cernez le sujet ! Lisez attentivement la consigne pour savoir ce que l’on attend de vous : quel est le sujet, l’objectif et le ton que doit avoir votre texte.

» Notez vos idées ! Cherchez dans l’unité les élément lexicaux, culturels et grammaticaux que vous pouvez mobiliser. Puis, jetez au brouillon, dans le désordre et en anglais, toutes les idées qui vous viennent à l’esprit.

» Contextualisez ! Pour que votre article soit réaliste, précisez les faits, les circonstances, les causes et les conséquences de l’évènement raconté.

» Organisez ! Faites un plan avec de grandes parties et classez vos arguments. Vous pouvez

également avoir recours à une carte mentale pour organiser votre article.

» Structurez ! Réfléchissez aux formules de transition et aux mots de liaison qui articuleront les différentes parties de votre texte.

» Soyez neutre ! L’article doit permettre au lecteur de se faire une opinion personnelle sur le sujet traité. Utilisez un ton neutre et, si vous donnez votre opinion, précisez-le clairement.

» Variez ! Veillez à enrichir votre expression avec des propositions subordonnées, des adverbes et des adjectifs. Utilisez de préférence un registre soutenu (évitez les formes contractées).

» Soignez le chapô de votre article ! Il permettra à vos lecteurs de mieux comprendre l’article.

» Choisissez un titre attractif pour donner envie à vos lecteurs de lire votre article.

Méthodologie pour écrire un article de presse

Let’s watch a video

Let’s write

Write a short article for for The New York Times online about the history of Nigeria and the challenges the country is facing and how Nigerians are coping with them.

Your teacher will give you an excerpt from Americanah. Read it and answer the questions.

DVD: TRACK 6

Watch the documentary and answer the questions your teacher will give you.

Let’s read

Nigeria's Geographic Challenge, Stratfor (2013)

[ 40 ] Unit 2

Let’s recap the notion!

La notion « L’idée de progrès » dans l’unité

» Listez les différentes richesses d’un pays (économique, culturelle…).

» À partir des documents étudiés, définissez quelles sont les richesses du Nigéria et quels sont ses points faibles.

» Créez une carte mentale selon le modèle ci-dessous. Au centre, placez la problématique de l’unité et la notion. Autour, distinguez les différents types de richesses et les points faibles du pays en précisant les documents (étudiés ou personnels) s’y rapportant.

Qu’en pensez-vous ? » Relisez vos notes. La question posée amène

une réponse personnelle : pensez-vous que le Nigéria soit un pays riche, pauvre, en voie de développement, en progrès ? Quels sont les progrès effectués ? Quels sont les progrès encore possibles ? Dans quels secteurs ?

Organisez-vous » Choisissez les arguments et documents

avec lesquels vous êtes le plus à l’aise et organisez-les logiquement. Terminez toujours un oral avec les arguments qui illustrent le mieux votre point de vue. Pour chaque argument dont vous avez envie de parler, demandez-vous s’il répond bien à la problématique. N’oubliez pas d’introduire rapidement le sujet.

The idea of progress can be defined as an improvement, a development...In Nigeria progress...

Action ! » Entraînez-vous face à un(e) camarade

ou face à un miroir à l’aide de vos notes et d’un chronomètre. Vous pouvez vous enregistrer !

CULTURAL WEALTH

• ...

• ...

• ...

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5

Travail en binôme » Choisissez l’un des types de richesses

de votre carte mentale et présentez-le à l’oral à votre voisin(e). Expliquez ce que ce type de richesse apporte aux Nigérians et mentionnez également l’impact négatif possible sur le pays et les points faibles. Utilisez à titre d’exemple quelques documents vus en cours. Puis, inversez les rôles sur un autre type de richesse.

I reckon oil brought...

2

ECONOMIC WEALTH • Oil (Video: “The true price of crude oil”, p. 35)

• Corruption (Video: “The true price of crude oil”, p. 35)

• …

THE IDEA OF PROGRESS

Is Nigeria a rich or a poor country?

Unit 2 [ 41 ]

2. Exprimer la possibilité et la capacité avec may et can

•May et can sont des modaux. Ils se placent entre le sujet et le verbe ou entre le sujet et le 1er auxiliaire du groupe verbal. Ils ne prennent pas de « -s » à la 3e personne du singulier. Ils ne peuvent être suivis que d’une base verbale (V).

•Le plus souvent, on emploie may pour exprimer la possibilité qu’une situation soit ou devienne conforme à la réalité. Avec might, on exprime un degré de certitude plus faible.

Earnings from crude oil may drop in the future. The oil industry might prove more resilient than people think, though.

•On emploie can pour dire que quelqu’un a la possibilité ou la capacité de faire quelque chose. Avec could, on dit que quelqu’un pourrait faire quelque chose. Le sens peut alors s’approcher de celui de might.

If your cook can’t / cannot make the perfect panini, it is because Nigeria is not a nation of sandwich- eating people. Nigerians could generate huge revenue from agriculture and agro-based industries.

2 Translate the following sentences.

1. Il se peut que l’agriculture devienne rapidement la ressource la plus importante du Nigéria.

2. Il se pourrait que le modèle économique du pays change.

3. Les Nigérians sont capables de réussir dans de nombreux domaines.

4. Lagos ne peut pas être New York, et c’est une bonne chose.

3 You are a young Nigerian businessman planning to start a venture. Write an email to

your banker explaining why you think opening a hotel in Lagos is a good investment opportunity.

3. Le present perfect

•On emploie le present perfect pour montrer qu’une situation présente porte la trace du passé.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie has written three well-received novels since her debut in 2003.

4 You are a reporter writing for Time Magazine. Assess the current situation of young women in

some parts of Nigeria. Focus on the opportunities they have attained in higher education in the past years.

5 In groups, write a short paragraph describing Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s current status as a

successful writer. Focus on what she has achieved.

1. Parler de l'avenir avec les périphrases en to

•On peut parler de l’avenir de plusieurs manières (will, be going to...). On peut, par exemple, employer des périphrases en to.

•Pour montrer que quelque chose a été organisé à l’avance, on peut utiliser be to + V.

Our firm is to supply materials to this new company.

•Pour montrer que quelque chose est sur le point d’arriver, on utilise be about to + V.

Agribusiness is about to revolutionise the economy.

•Pour montrer que quelque chose arrivera forcément, on utilise be bound to + V.

Nigeria is bound to make rapid progress.

1 You have been contacted by a British journalist who wants to know how farming will

contribute to Nigeria’s future development. Send him/her a short email with a few ideas.

Le présent de l’auxiliaire have montre que l’on décrit une situation présente.

Situation présente dont le point de départ se situe en 2003.

Le participe passé montre que cette situation porte la trace d’évènements passés.

Grammar community.emdl.fr exercices interactifs

[ 42 ] Unit 2

1. Pronouncing idea

1 Check the pronunciation of the word idea in a dictionary. Practise saying the word aloud.

Then, practise saying this tongue twister aloud. Can you translate it into French?

Last year this chevalier had an idea. This idea was very clear. He was going to rear a deer.

2. Pronouncing -ed endings

La terminaison « -ed » qui peut se prononcer comme il suit : /d/, /t/ et /ɪd/.

Listen to the following words. Classify them into the three types and try to find the rules

governing their pronunciation.

2

4. La voix passive

•On forme la voix passive en employant l’auxiliaire be suivi d’un participe passé. On l’emploie quand on veut parler de la personne ou de la chose affectée par un évènement ou de l’objet d’une démarche plutôt que des auteurs ou de la source de l’évènement.

Not enough Nigerian women have been allowed access to higher education. (by their parents, by the social context, by the education system – ce n’est pas ce qui intéresse celui qui parle)

6 You are an observer for Human Rights Watch in Nigeria. Write a memo in which you assess

Boko Haram’s operations and strategies in the past years. Tell about what happened to girls and women and the effect this has had on the population.

5. Le present perfect et le prétérit

•Rappel : On emploie le present perfect pour montrer qu’une situation présente porte en elle la trace du passé.

Moment où l'on parle. Situation présente qui porte la trace du passé.

l l

Moment passé ou évènement passé qui influe sur la situation présente.

Pronunciation

CD : 23Élève : 14

CD : 24Élève : 15

l

3. The letter r

En anglais britannique, la lettre « r » ne se prononce que devant un son voyelle. Elle ne se prononce ni devant un son consonne, ni devant une pause, contrairement à ce qui se passe en anglais américain.

3 Read the following sentences and circle all the instances of the letter r. Decide which ones will

be pronounced in British English. Then, listen to the audio to check your answers.

1. The Niger delta has some of the biggest oil fields in the world.

2. It’s a dangerous place of guns and poverty where people need development, and the environment is heavily polluted from fifty years of living with the oil industry.

3. In June two thousand and thirteen in the dead of night, a massive explosion occurred on a major Shell pipeline, near the village of Bodo, spilling thousands of barrels of oil into the swamps.

CD : 25Élève : 16

•Le prétérit est utilisé pour parler d'un évènement ou d'une situation présenté comme en décalage avec la situation où l’on parle. Ce décalage peut être temporel : on montre alors que la situation ou l’évènement a eu lieu dans le passé et non au moment où l’on parle.

7 Translate the following sentences using the context to decide whether past simple or

present perfect forms are needed.

1. L’année dernière, Emem Isong a tourné un film qui a attiré de nombreux spectateurs.

2. Je n’ai jamais lu un livre aussi extraordinaire.3. Le prix des œuvres de Babajide Olatunji a

beaucoup augmenté récemment. 4. Cet écrivain vit à Lagos depuis dix ans.5. Ce producteur de cinéma a vécu au Nigéria

pendant trois ans quand il était plus jeune.

Situation présentée comme en décalage avec le moment où l'on parle.

Xl

Moment où l'on parle.

changed visited decided stopped invaded

waitedcalled checked pronounced worked

Unit 2 [ 43 ]

VocabularyCompound words

1 Combine the words to form compounds. Then, match each compound with its definition

(a to e).

a. to sit or lie in the sunb. that has no endc. the activity of visiting placesd. attracting people’s attentione. exceptionally good, excellent

Finally, use the right compound in the corresponding sentences.

1. Despite our busy schedule, we managed to do some ... .

2. Massive ... billboards showing Nigeria’s main tourist assets are displayed all around Abuja.

3. President Buhari has thanked the United States for its ... assistance in arresting the spread of Ebola.

4. There is a long stretch of sand at Port Harcourt with ... spots.

5. Unlike oil, diamonds may be Nigeria's ... wealth.

Tourist, tourism and touristy

2 Look up in the dictionary the definition of the words tourist(s), tourism and touristy. Then,

complete the following sentences with the right one.

1. This weekend marks the unofficial beginning of the ... season.

2. I don’t want to go to such a ... spot! I want to discover the authentic beauties of the country’s wilderness.

3. The “Fascinating Nigeria” campaign is drawing ... from all over Africa.

4. ... is one of the growing sectors of the Nigerian economy.

5. This place is overcrowded! It has become so ... that I don't want to go there anymore.

Describe it!

3 Read the adjectives and decide if they are flattering or derogatory. Then, match them

with their definition.

4 Surf the Internet to find information about Zuma Rock. Then, write a short promotional

text using the flattering adjectives seen in exercise 3.

a. bathing

e. lasting

b. seeing

c. standing

d. catching

1. eye

2. sight

3. out

4. ever

5. sun

a. unmarked by development

b. a place that receives a lot of sun

c. covered with healthy green plants or grass

d. very distant, remote

e. as beautiful as in a painting

f. old and falling into pieces

g. full of busy activity

h. very tall and impressive

1. lush

2. far-flung

5. crumbling

3. unspoilt

4. sundrenched

8. picturesque

6. bustling

7. towering

[ 44 ] Unit 2

Let’s venture!

8 Match these four idioms on entrepreneurship with their corresponding definitions.

Now fill in the gaps with the right idioms. Be careful with possible changes.

1. Jason Njoku is co-founder of iROKOtv, the largest online distributor of Nollywood films. In 2010, coming across the global phenomenon that is Nollywood, Njoku realised that there was ... . So he moved from London to Lagos and created the African Netflix.

2. Over the years, Linda Ikeji’s blog has become an advertising platform for artists, entrepreneurs, and top Nigerian companies. Ikeji has adopted a very innovative sales strategy and has really started ... in the social media and artistic sectors.

3. Mark Essien is the founder and CEO of Hotels.ng, the biggest hotel booking portal in the country. The 31-year-old businessman has the following advice: if you really believe in something, ... . Just go ahead and do it.

4. Debo and Tola Onigbanjo have co-founded Women4Africa, an organisation celebrating, recognising, and honouring African women who have made great impact in their communities. They are the real ... on this issue in Africa.

1. to think outside the box

2. movers and shakers

3. to take the plunge

4. a niche in the market

a. to do something you really want to do, even though it might be dangerous or risky

b. to think creatively in a different way from how most people think

c. an opportunity for a product or service that does not already exist

d. people who are active and influential and set the standard for everyone else

Nigeria’s crops

5 To learn more about Nigeria’s crops, fill in the gaps with the following words.

Nigeria’s crops are produced for (1) ... as well as for (2) ... . Prior to the Civil War (1967-1970), the country was (3) ... in food, but (4) ... of food increased substantially after 1973. The most important food crops are yam and manioc. (5) ... in the cocoa sector has been slow since the abolition of the Nigerian Cocoa Board. The dominance of smallholders in the cocoa sector and the lack of farm labour due to urbanisation (6) ... production. On the other hand, soybean cultivation in Nigeria has (7) ... as a result of its nutritive and economic importance and diverse domestic use. It is also a prime source of vegetable oil on the (8) ... .

Coping with challenges

6 Use the right preposition to complete these idioms. Then, use one of your choices to talk

about Nigeria’s challenges today.

1. To challenge somebody ... something (= to dispute somebody’s remarks or positions)

2. To challenge somebody ... (do) something (= to dare somebody to do something)

3. To rise ... the challenge (= to respond to a challenge and do whatever is necessary to succeed)

4. To take ... the challenge (= to accept a challenge)

Adjectives

7 Classify the adjectives into the two mindmaps below according to their connotations: tasteful,

tasteless, classy, gorgeous, dull, awful, inspiring, cheesy, ugly, garish, provocative, striking. Then, use these adjectives to describe the poster (p. 36) and the book covers (p. 37).

on up to

-+

a. home consumption b. holds back

f. expanded

e. self-sufficient d. international market

h. exportationg. imports

c. growth

Unit 2 [ 45 ]