the global drug situation: with a focus on east and se asia · 2012-06-27 · the global drug...
TRANSCRIPT
The Global Drug Situation: with a focus on East and SE
Asia
Launch of the World Drug Report (2012)
Bangkok, 26 June 2012
Gary Lewis
UNODC Regional Representative, East Asia
and the Pacific
Embargoed: 10h00 New York Time 26 June 2012
Key elements of the response:
1. Knowledge
2. Norms
3. Capacity
4. Partnerships
“Containment” continues to work
• Number of illicit drug users level at approx. 5% adult pop.
• Opiate cultivation is declining globally
• Coca/cocaine is declining globally
• Poppy/coca cultivation is now limited to a few countries
• Cannabis use = stable / increasing
• ATS use stabilizes across globe
EAST AND SE ASIA – THE WARNING SIGNS
• Resurgence of opium cultivation
• Soaring production, trafficking, use of ATS
The Big Picture
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
Illicit drug use at the global level, late 1990s – 2010 / 11
180 185200 205 200 208
172155 149 153
250 250272
300
25 25 26 38 38 39 39
226
2718 16 15 16
4.6 4.85.04.94.94.84.8 4.7 4.9 5.0
3.5 3.44.0
3.3
5.8 5.76.1
6.6
0.60.60.60.60.4 0.4 0.30.3
0.90.9 0.90.9
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350la
te 1
990s
2001
/02
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
2010
/11
late
199
0s
2001
/02
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
2010
/11
Num
ber o
f dru
g us
ers
(mill
ions
)
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
Ann
ual p
reva
lenc
e am
ong
the
popu
latio
n ag
ed 1
5-64
(per
cent
age)
Number of illicit drug users (millions) Number of problem drug users (millions)Annual prevalence of illicit drug use (percentage) Prevalence of problem drug use (percentage)
Source: Estimates based on UNODC annual report questionnaire data.
Annual prevalence of illicit drug use among the population aged 15-64, 2008-2010
2.8
4.34.5
5.0
1.2 1.3 1.2
0.6 0.6 0.60.4 0.5 0.4
0.8 0.8
0.5 0.5 0.5
2.9
2.6
0.3 0.3 0.3% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.30.5 0.6
0.3 0.3 0.30.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010
Cannabis ATS (excluding"ecstasy")
Ecstasy-group Cocaine Opioids Opiates
Ann
ual p
reva
lenc
e(p
erce
ntag
e)
Source: UNODC, 2012 World Drug Report, June 2012.
4360031,70028,50027,700
21,50032,800
130,300
160,000
38100
108,700
150,100
410030001,9001,6001,500
19,052 26,837
30,580
131000
123000123,000
157,000
193,000
165,000
104,000
63,67450,800
206,700
185,900
213,000
235,700
201,000
151,500142,100
222,000
237,800
281,600 262,800
190,700
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Hec
tare
s
Myanmar Lao PDR Afghanistan Rest of the world Total
Global illicit opium poppy cultivation, 1990-2011
-12%
Coca cultivation, 1990-2010
57,000
99,000
40,100
68,000
163,300
61,200
59,90043,400
121,300
31,000
50,300
30,900
14,600
149,200
181,600
158,800
221,300211,700
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,00019
90
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
hect
ares
Colombia Peru Bolivia Global
2000-2010
Colombia: -65%
Peru: +41%
Bolivia: +123%
----------------------
Global: -33%
Source: UNODC, 2011 World Drug Report, June 2011.
GLOBAL: 2007-2010: -18%
2000-2010: -33%
1990-2010: -30%
DEATHS attributable to the use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco
Illicit drugs Alcohol Tobacco Total
Deaths related to substance abuse (millions) 0.245 2.3 5.1 7.6
Global deaths (percentage) 0.4% 3.6% 8.7% 12.6%
Lost disability-adjusted life-years (millions) 13.2 69.4 56.9 139.5
Global lost disability-adjusted life-years (percentage) 0.9% 4.4% 3.7% 9.0%
Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks (Geneva, 2009).
“The international drug control system seems to be acting as a brake on drug use – particularly among adults who are less willing to transgress laws by consuming drugs.”
Key conclusion
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
OPIATES: “Containment” is working
Global opium production, 1990-2011
3,416
2,693
4,5654,100
6,100
8,2007,700
6,900
3,600
5,800
1,583
1,303
895
312
315
460
410
330
580
610
3,760
4,270 4,140
4,610
5,620
4,450 4,360
4,820
4,350
5,760
4,690
1,630
4,5004,790 4,840
4,640
6,660
8,8908,640
7,850
6,990
4,740
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Met
ric to
ns
Afghanistan Myanmar Lao PDR Rest of the world Total
Sources: UNODC, 2012 World Drug Report, June 2012, and previous years.
-21%
+48%
Regional distribution of illicit poppy cultivation in AFGHANISTAN in 2011
Afghanistan: 131,000 ha (+7%)
Sources: UNODC, Afghanistan Opium Survey 2011, January 2012
Global seizures of heroin and morphine (of more than 100 kg), 2010
Source: UNODC, 2012 World Drug Report, June 2012.
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
Seizures of amphetamines* (of more than 10 kg), 2010
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
• ATS: main illicit drugs threat in East and South-East Asia
• E / SE Asia = ½ world’s meth seizures
• E / SE Asia = ½ world’s ATS users
ATS threat in SE Asia
Methamphetamine tablet seizures in East and Southeast Asia, 2008-2010
31,950,374
94,145,684
135,978,857
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
140,000,000
160,000,000
2008 2009 2010
Tabl
ets
seiz
ed
Source: UNODC, World Drug Report 2012, June 2012, based on data collected by the Drug Abuse Information Network for Asia and the Pacific, including data for Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, the Lao’s People Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
ATS summary
• ATS ranks in top 3 drugs in all countries
• High levels of ATS manufacture
• Methamphetamines: a growing threat
• Crystal meth: a growing threat
• Shift in precursor sourcing
• TOC groups – Iranians + West African Nationals
• ATS arrests and treatment demand rising
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
CULTIVATION – SE Asia
MYANMAR (2011)
21% of world cultivation
9% of world production
UN project area, South Shan
A “drop in the bucket”
Myanmar: 43,600 ha (+14%)
Expanded AD areas (May 2012)
• Effective eradication = one-third (?)
• Compare Afghanistan = 3% approx
• Opium poppy reduction possible in Myanmar in 2012
• This represents a significant effort by Government of Myanmar
1. What is driving opium poppy increase:a) Food insecurity
b) Poverty
c) Conflict
d) High price of poppy
2. Few international organizations are currently providing AD support in Shan State
3. Investment in AD by the international community is an investment in peace and security in the border areas of Myanmar
Conclusion on Myanmar poppy
1. GlobalOpiates
ATS
2. East and SE AsiaATS
Opiates
3. Implications for policy
KNOWLEDGE
1. Support efforts to reduce poppy cultivation and drug production (ATS) in Myanmar a) Alternative development / food
assistance
b) Law enforcement and precursor control
c) Better cross-border cooperation
Implications for policy
2. Promote evidence-based drug control and law enforcement policiesa) Better data – shared
b) Prioritize countering both TOC and public health
Implications for policy
3. Focus law enforcement on OC/TOC kingpinsa) Kingpins and white-collar accomplices
b) “Follow the money”
c) Empower FLOs with skills and equipment
Implications for policy
4. Increase emphasis on effective demand reductiona) Evidence-based prevention
b) Community-based treatment
c) Diversion away from the CJ system
Implications for policy
5. Expand programmes that “reduce negative health and social consequences”a) Improve quality and coverage
b) Sensitize law enforcement
c) More nationally-financed efforts on IDU
Implications for policy
THANK YOU
www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpacific