the global environmental problems can be solved: preparing elementary and middle school students to...
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The Global Environmental Problems can be Solved: Preparing Elementary and Middle School
Students to Envision a Better Future.
• The Problem is Real
• The Problem is Huge
• The Problem Can be Solved
• What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know
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Today’s Children Must Solve The Problem of Global Warming
• The Problem is Real
• The Problem is Huge
• The Problem Can be Solved
• What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know
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World Annual Carbon Dioxide Emissions: 1980-2000
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/total.html#IntlCarbon
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000
Mil
lio
n M
etr
ic T
on
s C
arb
on
Eq
uiv
ale
nt
2.15
2.39
2.63
2.87
3.11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n I
nc
rem
en
t (p
pm
v)
The Rosetta Stone2100 Mt(C) = 1 ppmv(CO2)
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Fossil Fuel Emissions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1750 1950 2150 2350 2550
Year
Em
iss
ion
s (
GtC
/yr)
"Data""Logistic Fit"
7x
6x
5x
4x
3x
2x
1x
5600 GT carbon consumed = 80% of FF reserves.
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000Year
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
pC
O2
(p
pm
)
Atmospheric pCO2 vs YearBAU10% Injected25% Injected50% Injected100% Injected10% Removed25% Removed50% Removed100% Removed
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Surface Air Warming (°F)
2xCO2 Climate
4xCO2 Climate
GFDL Model (Manabe & Stouffer)
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Growth Rate of Carbon Reservoirs
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ED US Land Use History
Primary Crop Pasture Secondary
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Today’s Children Must Solve The Problem of Global Warming
• The Problem is Real
• The Problem is Huge
• The Problem Can be Solved
• What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know
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S500 Stabilization Scenario
300
350
400
450
500
550
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200
Year
Atm
osp
her
ic C
O2
(PP
M)
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Yearly Emissions of Carbon
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Em
issio
ns (
GT
Carb
on
)
IS92A BAU
S500
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2050 Emissions Reductions = Emissions Today
0
2
4
6
8
10
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Emis
sion
s R
educ
tion
in G
T C
arbo
n
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Today’s Children Must Solve The Problem of Global Warming
• The Problem is Real
• The Problem is Huge
• The Problem Can be Solved
• What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know
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Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton, 2001-2010
Carbon CaptureCarbon Capture
Carbon ScienceCarbon Science
Carbon StorageCarbon Storage
Carbon PolicyCarbon Policy
$20,100,000 funding from BP and Ford.
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• Combustion: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + Energy
• Fuel Cell: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + Electricity
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CO2
4H2
2 H2O
CH4 CO2
Steam Reforming
Fuel cell or Combustor
Geologic Sequestration
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PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
PEI / CMI
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Biomass Energy
Conservation
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Nuclear Fission
Enhance Natural Sinks
Nuclear Fusion
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Reductions Required by 2050 = ~ 6 GT
Geologic Sequestration
3500 Algeria or Sleipner projects
@ 1 MT CO2/year
Leakage
(a) Global
(b) Local
Deep microbes
Nuclear 1500 1 GW power plants (5X current level)
Nuclear proliferation and terrorism, nuclear waste
Efficiency 8% of 2050 fossil BAU energy None
Wind
Solar
Biomass
Wind: 150 x current level
Solar: 2000 x current level.
Biomass: 200 x 106ha = US Agriculture
Wind: regional climate change?, NIMBY
Solar: None
Biomass: Biodiversity
Forest Sinks 250-500 x 106ha =
1X – 2X US Forest Area
Biodiversity
Mitigation Size of 1 GT Global Business Risk
Magic bullets after 2050: Fusion, solar CO2 CH3OH, solar splitting of water.
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Today’s Children Must Solve The Problem of Global Warming
• The Problem is Real
• The Problem is Huge
• The Problem Can be Solved
• What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know
![Page 27: The Global Environmental Problems can be Solved: Preparing Elementary and Middle School Students to Envision a Better Future. The Problem is Real The Problem](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051614/551c527a550346a66a8b4c9a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Problem Is Real
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300 60 90 120 150
Ca
rbo
n in
Liv
ing
Tre
es
Years Since Abandonment
Indoor Alternative: Grow plants in pots, dry them in an oven, weigh them and divide by 2. This yields the carbon that came from the atmosphere. Multiply by 44/12 and you have the total mass of CO2 that was taken from the atmosphere.
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On average a US citizen produces roughly 20 tons! of CO2
The CO2 that comes from your tailpipe weighs 3 times asmuch as the gasoline you put in.
The global average per capita production of CO2 is only 4 tons.
Personal carbon accounting. How much greenhouse gas is produced by your family’s car, by heating your house, by the electricity your family uses, by your school, etc.? How much do people in other cultures produce?
To prevent dangerous global warming, global production of CO2 must stabilize through 2050, and this means that US consumption must drop as other societies industrialize.
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Global Warming:IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change):
http://www.ipcc.ch/
CMDL (Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory):
http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/
GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Home Page):
http://www.gfdl.gov/
NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research):
http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ncar/
Hadley Centre:
http://www.met-office.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/index.html
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Fuel Cell Cars
Geologic Sequestration
Wind Power
Solar Power
Biomass Energy
Conservation
Nuclear Power
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Solutions:
DOE – Kidspage:http://www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration/kidspage/main.html
CMI (Carbon Mitigation Initiative)http://www.princeton.edu/~cmi/
Stanford GCEP website:http://gcep.stanford.edu/
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Electrochemistry/doc/fuelcell.htmlhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/97/fuelcel3.htmlhttp://ethics-www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_94.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT2000/5000/5830palaszewski1.htmlhttp://www.daimlerchrysler.com/index_e.htm?/news/top/1999/t90422a_e.htmhttp://www.autobytel.com/content/research/index.cfm?id=4;4&aid=90&action=showarticle
Geologic Sequestration: http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002NC/finalprogram/abstract_32351.htmhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration/geologic.html
Bioenergy:http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy/tech_biomass.cfm?state=NJhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/rbep/organization.htmlhttp://weboflife.ksc.nasa.gov/currentResearch/currentResearchHardware/bpsAmes.htmhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/history_of_biofuels.htmlhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/links.htmlhttp://www.bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/environment.htmlhttp://bioenergy.ornl.gov/bfdpmain.htmlhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/energy_security.html
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Solar Energy:http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy/tech_solar.cfm?state=NJhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy/technology_overview.cfm?techid=1http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge2/applitech/spsolar.htmlhttp://www.solarquest.com/schoolhouse/Task.asp?id=1348http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar_decathlon/kids.html
Wind Energy:http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/wind.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy/tech_wind.cfm?state=NJhttp://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge2/applitech/renew.htmlhttp://www.buffalopix.com/windmills.htm
Nuclear Fission and Fusion:http://nepo.ne.doe.gov/page1.htmlhttp://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Snuclear.htmhttp://wwwofe.er.doe.gov/http://www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov/More_HTML/About%20Fusion.htmlhttp://www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov/Education.htmlhttp://fusedweb.pppl.gov/FusEdWeb-menu.htmlhttp://fusedweb.pppl.gov/FusEdWeb-home.html
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Today’s Children Must Solve the Problem of
Global Warming
•The Problem is Real
•The Problem is Huge
•The Problem Can Be Solved
•What Elementary and Middle School Students Need to Know