the global green economy index 2014

8/10/2019 The Global Green Economy Index 2014

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Measuring National Performance in the Green Economy

4th Edition October 2014

THE GLOBAL GREEN ECONOMY INDEX

GGEI 2014

DUAL CITIZEN LLC


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Jeremy Tamanini / Founder, Dual Citizen LLC

LEAD AUTHOR

Dr. Andrea Bassi / CEO, KnowlEdgeSrlLead, GGEI Strategic Review

Camila Hoffman / Creative Director, HueDesign & Production

Julieth Valenciano / Research Analyst

CONTRIBUTORS

We would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their generous contributions of timeand insight to the research and production of the 2014 GGEI: Marcus Andersson, Virginia Benning-hoff, Chris Brewer, Jan Burck, Victor Cardona, Jonathan DeBusk, Louise Gallagher, Bonnie Graves,Steve Hamilton, Peter Hoffman, Michael Hofmann, Selina Holmes, Lucy Holt, Angel Hsu, Birgit Ko-painsky, Eric Lane, Morten Larsen, Peter Mock, Michael Nagy, Jason Ortego, Lucas Porsch, Karu-na Ramakrishnan, Matthew Rappaport, Marina Ruta, Cecilia Shutters, Benjamin Simmons, MariusSylvestersen, Ines Teixeira, Laura Turley, Ben ten Brink, Edward Vixseboxse, Michael Walton, Klair

White, Alan Yeboah, and Alisa Zomer.

We would also like to acknowledge the following indices and research projects, each of which hasdirectly or indirectly contributed enormous knowledge, data and insight to this years GGEI: Cli-mate Change Performance Index (Germanwatch), Environmental Performance Index (Yale Universi-ty), Global Cleantech Innovation Index (WWF, Cleantech Group), Global Innovation Index (INSEAD),Green Economy Report (UNEP), Low Carbon Economy Index (PwC), Renewable Energy Country

Attractiveness Index (Ernst & Young).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dual Citizen advises clients on how to leverage data analytics and strategic communications to furthertheir growth and development agendas. We work with government ministries, international organi-zations and private firms on consulting assignments and by sub-contracting with strategic partners.

To support this work, we publish the Global Green Economy Index (GGEI), measuring the perfor-mance of 60 countries and 70 cities in the green economy and how experts assess that performance.Insights and data from the GGEI inform policymakers, international organizations and private clientswith intelligence to advance their reputation and performance in the green economy.

For more information, please visit www.dualcitizeninc.comand follow us on Twitter @DualCitizenInc.

ABOUT DUAL CITIZEN LLC

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01THE GLOBAL GREEN ECONOMY INDEX - 2014


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This 4th edition of the GGEI is an in-depth look at how 60 countries perform in theglobal green economy, as well as how expert practitioners rank this performance.Like many indices, the GGEI is a communications tool, signaling to policy makers,international organizations, the private sector and citizens which countries are suc-cessfully orienting their economies toward greener growth pathways and whichones are not. Importantly, the GGEI also generates perception values, offering

unique insights into how communications and information exchange can be lever-aged to further advance green economic growth.

First published in 2010, this new edition of the GGEI presents a revised method-ology resulting from a strategic review that revealed opportunities for broadersector coverage, more focus on environmental performance and enhanced datacollection and processing methods. The highlights from the 2014 Global GreenEconomy Index results include:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

THE WINNERS

Germany (perception) and Sweden(performance) top the 2014 GGEI, confirming a trendobserved in prior editions of strong results by Germany and the Nordic states. Besidesperforming well on both the economic and environmental areas of the GGEI, these na-tions display consistent green leadership and receive global recognition for it;

Covered for the first time in this edition, Costa Ricaperforms extremely well, ranking thirdon the GGEI performance measure behind Sweden and Norway and receiving strong rec-ognition on the perception survey, an impressive result for such a small country;

Like in 2012, Copenhagen is the top green city as ranked by our survey of global experts,reinforcing the continued strength of the Danish green brand. Tracked for the first time thisyear,Vancouver and Singaporealso rank in the top 10 of green cities.


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EMERGING TRENDS

Many of the fastest growing economies in the world rank poorly on the GGEI perfor-mance measure, highlighting an urgent need to reorient their economies to greenergrowth pathways. Regionally, these countries are mostly in Africa (Ghana), the Gulf (Qa-tar, United Arab Emirates), and Asia (Cambodia, China, Thailand, Vietnam);

There are concerning results related to more developed countries as well notably Aus-tralia, Japan, the Netherlands and the United States where perceptions of theirgreen economic performance dramatically exceed their actual performance on theGGEI. These countries appear to receive more credit than they deserve, an informationgap that requires further exploration;

Despite its leadership founding the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), South Koreacontinues not to register as a green country brand on our survey and performs poorly,ranked 39th out of 60 on this years GGEI. Despite better perception results, Japanalsoperforms poorly on the 2014 GGEI, ranked 44th out of 60;

While the United Kingdomperforms adequately in most areas of the GGEI, it doesntexcel on any one topic, possibly due to inconsistent political rhetoric and policy related

to green economy there. While gradually improving in each successive GGEI edition,the UK still lags behind its northern European and Nordic competitors;

Five European nations - Austria, Iceland, Ireland, Portugaland Spain reveal perfor-mance scores that exceed their perception ones significantly signaling an urgent needfor better strategic communications and information exchange of their green merits andassociated investment opportunities;

The GGEI results reveal a similar observation for a variety of non-European states - in-cluding Ethiopia, Mauritius, Rwandain Africa and Colombia, Chileand Peruin LatinAmerica again suggesting a need for these states to better position their green econ-omies on the international stage.


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INTRODUCTION

COUNTRY RESULTS

LEADERSHIP & CLIMATE CHANGE

EFFICIENCY SECTORS

MARKETS & INVESTMENT

ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL CAPITAL

CITY RESULTS

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX A: INDICATORS & DATA SOURCES

APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY

APPENDIX C: COUNTRY PROFILES

CONTENTS

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We first published the Global Green Economy Index in 2010 guided by a beliefthat the environment, climate change and green, low carbon growth would rap-idly become defining issues for national policy makers andthe global reputationof countries. As we went to press on this 4th edition of the GGEI, 2,646 eventsin nearly 162 countries mobilized pressure on over 100 world leaders gatheredin New York at the United Nations to take substantive and binding action on cli-mate change. The link between these issues and the reputation of leaders andnation states is more vivid today than ever before.

While the urgent need to address climate change is becoming increasingly main-stream, an appreciation of the underlying changes to economies that will berequired to address this threat are not well understood. Green economy andgreen growth powerful approaches to reorienting global growth on more sus-tainable pathways are still understudies to the starring role played by climatechange in international discourse.

In this context, we publish the Global Green Economy Index (GGEI) as a com-munications tool, to empower policy makers, international organizations and theprivate sector with a reference point for both national performance in the greeneconomy and how experts rank that performance over time. In releasing the 4th

edition of the GGEI, we are proud to share the following updates, illustratingfurther progress towards a goal of becoming a leading benchmark in the globalgreen economy:

INTRODUCTION

The GGEI now covers 60 countries and 70 cities, a substantial increase from 27 nations cov-ered in the last 2012 edition;

It continues to track how investors rank the appeal of different markets as targets for greeninvestment;

It now provides a global measure of national performance in key efficiency sectors, including

buildings, transport, tourism and energy;

This new edition integrates environment & natural capital to the GGEI calculation for the firsttime, measuring both perceptions and performance of environmental areas like air quality,water, forests and agriculture.


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Unlike similar indices published by international organizations or NGOs, the GGEI is pro-duced by a private U.S.-based consultancy, Dual Citizen LLC, and sustained by subscrip-tion revenues and customized consulting offerings. We publish this report to illustratehigh-level findings from this new edition. But the in-depth delivery of the full data we

collect and customized reports for different countries and stakeholders is reserved forour client subscribers.

In tandem to publishing this new edition of the GGEI, we have launched a new websitepresenting full transparency on the methodology behind constructing the GGEI perfor-mance index, conducting the perception survey, as well as answers to frequently askedquestions and an image library for academics, policy makers, practitioners, businessesand the media to integrate charts and info-graphics from this report to their research,presentations and reporting. The following pages present a discussion of the resultsfrom this years GGEI and an appendix of country profiles for each of the 60 nations cov-ered so that leaders there can better interpret how the GGEI can be a tool for advancinggreen economic growth in their nations and cities.

As always, it is your feedback and engagement with the GGEI that propels it forward witheach successive edition. We look forward to hearing from you.

Jeremy TamaniniFounder, Dual Citizen [email protected]


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COUNTRIES AND CITIES COVEREDThe 4th edition of the GGEI covers 60 countries, more than double the 27 countries tracked onthe 3rd edition in 2012. We make our best efforts to cover all countries with active work underwayrelated to exploring more green growth pathways for their economies. The 70 cities covered in the

GGEI represent the largest metropolitan areas in each country, and the GGEI collects perceptionsurvey values for these cities.

EUROPEAUSTRIA (VIENNA)

BELGIUM (BRUSSELS)

CZECH REPUBLIC (PRAGUE)

DENMARK (COPENHAGEN)

FINLAND (HELSINKI)

FRANCE (PARIS)

GERMANY (BERLIN)ICELAND (REYKJAVIK)

IRELAND (DUBLIN)

ITALY (ROME)

NETHERLANDS (AMSTERDAM)

NORWAY (OSLO)

POLAND (WARSAW)

PORTUGAL (LISBON)

SLOVAKIA (BRATISLAVA)

SPAIN (MADRID)

SWEDEN (STOCKHOLM)

SWITZERLAND (GENEVA, ZURICH)

UNITED KINGDOM (LONDON)

LATIN AMERICA& THE CARIBBEANARGENTINA (BUENOS AIRES)

BRAZIL (SAO PAULO)

CHILE (SANTIAGO)

COLOMBIA (BOGOTA)

COSTA RICA (SAN JOSE)

MEXICO (MEXICO CITY)

PANAMA (PANAMA CITY)

PERU (LIMA)

URUGUAY (MONTEVIDEO)

NORTH AMERICACANADA (OTTAWA, TORONTO, VANCOUVER)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA(LOS ANGELES, NEW YORK, WASHINGTON DC)

AFRICABURKINA FASO (OUAGADOUGOU)

ETHIOPIA (ADDIS ABADA)

GHANA (ACCRA)

KENYA (NAIROBI)

MAURITIUS (PORT LOUIS)

MOROCCO (CASABLANCA)

MOZAMBIQUE (MAPUTO)RWANDA (KIGALI)

SENEGAL (DAKAR)

SOUTH AFRICA (JOHANNESBURG)

TANZANIA (DAR ES SALAAM)

ZAMBIA (LUSAKA)

ASIACAMBODIA (PHNOM PENH)

CHINA (BEIJING, SHANGHAI)

INDIA (DELHI)

INDONESIA (JAKARTA)

ISRAEL (TEL AVIV)

JAPAN (TOKYO)

MALAYSIA (KUALA LUMPUR)

MONGOLIA (ULAN BATOR)

PHILIPPINES (MANILA)

QATAR (DOHA)

REPUBLIC OF KOREA (SEOUL)

SINGAPORE

TAIWAN (TAIPEI)

THAILAND (BANGKOK)

TURKEY (ISTANBUL)

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (ABU DHABI, DUBAI)

VIETNAM (HANOI)

OCEANIAAUSTRALIA (MELBOURNE, SYDNEY)

NEW ZEALAND (AUCKLAND)

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GLOBAL GREEN ECONOMY INDEX

LEADERSHIP &CLIMATE CHANGE

EFFICIENCYSECTORS

MARKETS &INVESTMENT

ENVIRONMENT &NATURAL CAPITAL

Head of State

Media Coverage

International Forums

Climate ChangePerformance

Buildings

Transport

Energy

Tourism

RenewableEnergy Investment

Cleantech Innovation

CleantechCommercialization

Green InvestmentFacilitation

Agriculture

Air Quality

Water

Biodiversity &Habitat

Fisheries

Forests

The performance index of the 2014 GGEI is defined by 32 underlying indicators anddatasets, each contained within one of the four main dimensions of leadership &climate change, efficiency sectors, markets & investment and environment & naturalcapital.

The chart below presents a general structure of these four main dimensions andtheir associated sub-categories. Appendix A of this report provides more detail oneach type of data reference, its weighting, a brief description and the source. Ournew website provides a more in-depth discussion of the data selection process, ourapproach to weighting, data aggregation and links to the original sources wherepossible. To access this online, please visit www.dualcitizeninc.com and click on the

GGEI > Performance Indextab.

PERFORMANCE INDEX


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28%

13%

26%

9%

15%

4%5%

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The perception survey for the 2014 GGEI was conducted from June through August2014, and polled targeted respondents on how they assessed national green perfor-

mance on the four main dimensions of Leadership & Climate Change, Efficiency Sectors,Markets & Investment, and Environment & Natural Capital. Since its first publication in2010, Dual Citizen LLC has developed targeted lists for each of these four dimensionswith qualified practitioners working globally on issues relevant to green economy andgreen growth.

Independent of the actual survey results, this work has revealed valuable insights intothe topic. One such insight is the high level of uncertainty surrounding the definitionof green economy across geographies, sectors and particularly between differenttypes of organizations and institutions (i.e. international organizations, civil society,the private sector). This finding reinforces the need for a framework like the GGEI tobetter understand information flows and how perceptions vary about different aspects

of the green economy.

Another related insight suggests that while numerous individuals and institutions workon sector-based or thematic components of the green economy, there are only a fewwith a dedicated focus on knowledge generation and country-level capacity buildingin the green economy per se (the UNEP Green Economy Initiative, the Green GrowthKnowledge Platform, the Green Economy Coalition and the Global Green GrowthInstituteare four exceptions).

This reality mandated a segmentation of the 2014 GGEI perception survey into four dis-tinct groups of respondents, defined by the proximity of their professional work to the fourmain dimensions of the GGEI. This approach ensured more informed responses such thatan individual with knowledge about sector performance in the green economy (i.e. build-ings, transport, tourism and energy) wasnt also asked to rank environmental performancein areas like agriculture or forestry where they lack a similar level of expertise.

PERCEPTION SURVEY

2014 GGEI PERCEPTION SURVEY RESPONDENTS

NORTH AMERICA 28%

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN 13%

EUROPE 26%

AFRICA 9%

ASIA 15%

OCEANIA 4%

MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA 5%


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The results from the 2014 Global Green Economy Index reveal a wide range of in-sights relevant to policy makers in the governments being measured, as well asinternational organizations, civil society and private actors interacting with them.This new edition of the GGEI confirms what had already been established in previ-ous editions: Germanyand a block of Nordic countries continue to dominate thisGlobal Green Economy Index, both in terms of performance and perceptions of thatperformance by expert practitioners.

Beyond these impressive results, some compelling findings emerge through this lat-est edition, in part due to the greater diversity of countries covered and an updated

methodology and data structure providing greater sector focus and integration ofenvironment & natural capital. Covered for the first time, Costa Rica records an im-pressive result, ranking 3rd behind Swedenand Norwayon performance and in thetop 15 for perceptions overall, a notable accomplishment for such a small country.Other Latin American countries including Colombia, Peruand Chile also performwell in their first time being covered on the GGEI, although this performance is notyet recognized in a meaningful way through the perception survey.

These new results also reveal some vivid examples of countries where performanceclearly exceeds perceptions of it, signaling significant opportunities for improvedgreen country branding and strategic communications. Five European countries Austria, Iceland, Ireland, Portugaland Spain clearly fall in this category. A sim-ilar observation emerges for a variety of other countries - most notably the Africanstates of Ethiopia, Mauritius, Rwanda and Zambia all covered for the first time onthis years GGEI. In these cases, global audiences simply arent registering the greenmerits of these states or country competitors are overshadowing them with a morestrategic approach to communications and information exchange.

A red flag from this years GGEI results is that few of the fastest growing economiesin the world rank very well in the GGEI performance measure or on the perceptionsurvey, reinforcing the importance of mainstreaming the green economy conceptfurther so it can be better integrated to policy formulation in these markets. Whiledoing quite well in terms of perception, China ranks near the bottom of the perfor-

mance measure, driven by its poor performance on Efficiency Sectors and Environ-ment & Natural Capital. But this problem extends beyond China: rapidly growingcountries in Africa (Ghana), the Gulf (Qatar,United Arab Emirates), and Asia (Cam-bodia,Thailand,Vietnam) rank poorly on the GGEI performance measure.

COUNTRY RESULTS


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There are concerning results related to more developed countries as well, yet theyare expressed in a different manner. In some cases notably for Australia,Japan,the Netherlands, and theUnited States- perceptions of their green economic per-formance dramatically exceed their GGEI performance. This result suggests a lackof understanding about the underlying challenges these countries still face moving

towards more low carbon growth pathways. By looking more closely at the reasonswhy this performance is lagging, these nations have significant opportunities to im-prove, particularly through leveraging areas like Markets & Investment where theirdomestic economies are already perceived as attractive for green investment andproduct development. Translating this appeal into actual performance improve-ments will be critical.

These overall findings only tell part of the story, and the following pages presenta brief snapshot of the results for the 60 nations covered on the GGEI as they playout on the four main dimensions: Leadership & Climate Change, Efficiency Sectors,Markets & Investment and Environment & Natural Capital. Our goal is to becomethe leading benchmark for countries to track their performance in the green econo-

my over time and how experts assess it. The following pages serve as an entry pointfor deeper engagement with the GGEI data and associated consulting services toaddress more country or firm-specific challenges.

The gap between what we are doing and what we need to do has again

grown, for the sixth year running. The average annual rate of de-carboniza-tion required for the rest of this century for us to stay within the two-degree

budget now stands at 6.2%. PwC Low Carbon Economy Index 2014


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010203040506

0708091011121314151617181920

2122232425262728293031323334

3536373839404142434445464748

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GermanyDenmarkSwedenNorway

NetherlandsUnited States

JapanUnited Kingdom

FinlandSwitzerland

AustraliaCanadaChina

Costa RicaBrazilIndia

AustriaNew Zealand

IcelandFrance

SpainSouth AfricaSouth Korea

IsraelUnited Arab Emirates

KenyaMalaysiaMexico

ItalyBelgium

IndonesiaPeru

IrelandMauritius

ChileTanzaniaEthiopia

PhilippinesMoroccoPortugal

ColombiaPolandQatarTurkey

VietnamTaiwan

ArgentinaRwanda

ZambiaMozambique

ThailandCzech Republic

CambodiaGhana

Burkina FasoSlovakia

MongoliaUruguayPanamaSenegal

93.692.890.284.884.076.2

72.471.670.267.866.363.061.660.459.756.155.152.049.148.5

46.745.844.141.140.340.039.337.136.136.035.335.034.334.0

33.533.333.133.032.632.531.631.531.231.231.130.730.230.1

30.029.829.329.228.928.728.528.227.727.627.427.3

PERCEPTION RANK COUNTRY

SwedenNorway

Costa RicaGermanyDenmark

Switzerland

AustriaFinlandIcelandSpain

IrelandNew Zealand

FranceColombiaPortugal

PeruKenyaBrazilChile

United Kingdom

NetherlandsUruguayMauritiusZambia

ItalyEthiopiaRwanda

United StatesCanadaTaiwanMexico

PhilippinesIsrael

South Africa

MalaysiaTanzaniaAustralia

Czech RepublicSouth Korea

United Arab EmiratesBurkina FasoCambodia

TurkeyJapan

ThailandGhana

BelgiumArgentina

IndiaSlovakiaPanamaMorocco

MozambiqueIndonesia

ChinaPolandSenegal

QatarVietnamMongolia

68.165.964.263.663.263.1

63.062.962.659.259.058.856.456.155.855.855.455.355.154.6

54.254.151.551.351.250.650.450.149.647.547.447.247.046.8

46.446.246.146.045.645.645.244.944.844.644.544.544.143.8

43.443.041.541.541.040.340.137.133.433.332.229.5

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PERFORMANCE RANK COUNTRY SCORESCORE


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Political leadership has a critical role to play in mainstreaming the concept of greeneconomy and green growth. A variety of leaders, particularly heads of state andmembers of parliament, have powerful communications platforms to utilize, as wellas the influence to advocate for the fiscal and policy tools that promote green in-vestments and low carbon development.

The Leadership & Climate Change dimension of the GGEI calculates both a percep-tion and a performance measure for the 60 nations we track, defined by four sub-cat-egories: head of state, media coverage, international forums and climate change.Our experience publishing the GGEI reveals that perceptions of values like headsof state and media coverage can be quite unstable. As leadership changes through

elections or big events splash onto global media related to a countrys green econ-omy, these values often rise and fall dramatically. As a result, we weight these twosub-categories of the GGEI less than the more stable ones of national behaviorthrough international forums and climate change performance.

As we go to press on this 4th edition of the GGEI, the United Nations Climate Sum-mit 2014 has just concluded, providing yet another global forum for leaders to for-ward collective action on climate change. Actions and rhetoric in these forums mat-ter greatly to how a green country brand is perceived, and this is why we include aqualitative performance measure of country behavior at the recent COP19 in War-saw, Poland and the Bonn Climate Change Conference as reported by the ClimateAction Networks ECO newsletter daily coverage.

The most significant (and most heavily weighted) sub-category of this dimensionis climate change performance, for three main reasons in the context of the GGEIand its purpose. The first is that there are frequently gaps between rhetoric andaction in this area, and a solid measure of climate change performance allows theglobal community to track how nations are delivering on their commitments, andwhere they are falling short. Second, climate change is a politicized topic, meaningthat perceptions of how nations are addressing it are critical for political leaders tounderstand and address. And third, related to these first two points, the GGEI per-ception survey reveals a vague understanding of the high-level numbers related tonational climate change performance, highlighting the importance of better infor-

mation exchange on the topic.

To illustrate this point, consider the following: Germany and Brazil ranked towardsthe top of the GGEI perception survey results in terms of which countries surveyrespondents believe are making the most constructive efforts towards improvingtheir climate change performance. Yet according to the recently released PwC LowCarbon Economy Index, Germany and Brazil both registered a positive increase inthe carbon intensity of their economies in 2013, and in the case of Brazil, an averagepositive increase over the past five years as well.

LEADERSHIP & CLIMATE CHANGE


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01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20CLIMATE CHANGEPERFORMANCE INDEX

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GLOBAL GREENECONOMY INDEX

UNITED KINGDOM

PORTUGAL

FRANCE

IRELAND

BELGIUM

MOROCCO

SLOVAKIA

ITALY

GERMANY

MEXICO

SPAIN

NORWAY

AUSTRIA

FINLAND

INDIA

NETHERLANDS

CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCEVS. GREEN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE*

Only some of the top 20performers from the 2014Climate Change Perfor-mance Index (CCPI) pub-lished by Germanwatchrank in the top 20 of theoverall GGEI results, sug-gesting that gaps exist be-tween how some countriesare faring at reducing theircarbon emissions versushow successfully they areorienting their economiestowards greener growthpathways. More in-depthstudies should explorethese links between cli-mate change and greeneconomic performancebecause reducing carbonemissions will rely upongreener economic growth.

*

ICELAND

DENMARK

SWEDEN

SWITZERLAND

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SwedenDenmarkNorway

Germany

NetherlandsJapan

United StatesUnited Kingdom

FinlandAustralia

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96.396.292.391.7

91.584.873.670.268.167.9

PERCEPTION RANK COUNTRY SCORE

SwedenCosta Rica

NorwayColombia

AustriaSwitzerland

ZambiaPortugalGermany

Chile

76.773.973.672.8

69.665.164.463.262.360.8

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PERFORMANCE RANK COUNTRY SCORE

TOP 10 GGEI RESULTS EFFICIENCY SECTORS

Unlike earlier editions of the GGEI that only measured the tourism sector, this year wepresent a much broader view of efficiency sectors, including coverage of Buildings,Energy, Transport and Tourism as the four sub-categories underlying this dimensionof the GGEI. While the importance of this broader view of efficiency sectors is crit-ical to better understanding green economic performance, arriving at a reasonablemethod for measuring them in a comparable way is methodologically complicated.

In terms of perception, OECD countries dominate this dimension of the GGEI asthe Nordics, northern European states like Germany and the Netherlands and othertechnology-driven economies like Japan and the United States are perceived ashaving made the most progress at embedding greater efficiencies in these sectors.

While many of these nations also rank well on the performance measure, so doemerging markets including Costa Rica, Colombia, Zambia and Chile that lack cor-responding recognition in the perception survey.

There are various factors driving these strong performance results in emerging mar-kets: a commitment to sustainable building practices (Chile, Colombia); high levelsof renewable energy as a source of electricity production (Zambia); and improvingcarbon efficiencies in the transport sector (Colombia, Zambia). Costa Rica performswell in all four sub-categories of this dimension, most notably tourism where it isthe top ranked country in terms of performance on the five areas assessed by theGGEI, edging out New Zealand and a lengthy list of other nations with strong meritsaround sustainable tourism.

EFFICIENCY SECTORS


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15,787,2158,382,7778,341,1196,120,8373,383,7663,015,8252,994,0262,455,3592,337,6321,924,255

United StatesFinland

United Arab EmiratesCanadaTaiwan

SwedenCosta Rica

IndiaSouth Korea

Chile

COUNTRY TOTAL LEED CERTIFICATION (GROSS SQUARE METERS, WEIGHTED BY GDP/PPP)

TOP 10 GGEI RESULTS SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS*

Data collected in August 2014 from the USGBC real-time database accessible at: http://www.usgbc.org/articles/international-market-briefs-get-your-green-building-data-around-world and includes only certifiedprojects receiving LEED Gold, Silver, Certified or Platinum.

*

Buildings offer a useful window into the methodological considerations behind the

GGEI performance measure for Efficiency Sectors. Green economic growth is close-ly tied to buildings, due to their high contribution to emissions, energy consump-tion and usage of natural capital like water and land. Because buildings interact invarious ways with climate, energy and the environment, it is challenging to identifydatasets or indicators that well represent the extent of sustainable building in a giv-en economy, particularly for 60 diverse country profiles.

Our solution to this challenge was to use sustainable building certification, namelythe Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) green building certifica-tion program, as a proxy for sustainable building in the 60 countries covered by theGGEI. Aiming to be the global certification scheme of the built environment, theU.S. Green Building Council recently revealed a real-time data platform with updat-ed LEED certification data for most countries around the world.

These data, adjusted for the size of each economy, enabled the GGEI performancemeasure to reveal an approximation of sustainable building that took into accountemissions, energy and natural resource consumption in a way that would have beenmore difficult, if not impossible, using globally reported data around sustainablebuilding that didnt conform to one, widely embraced certification scheme.


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TO THE GGEI

Our goal is always to tailor each subscription to the needs of the client, so that whatwe deliver adds concrete value to their work. To inquire about subscribing to thefull GGEI or engaging us for customized consulting assignments, please contactJeremy Tamanini [email protected].

Subscriptions are a critical component of the GGEI business model. They fund theresearch, production and promotion globally of the GGEI, helping to mainstreamthe green economy concept in the process. They also provide our subscribing cli-ents with in-depth, customized interpretations of the GGEI data, as compared towhat is presented in the public reporting. GGEI subscribers receive the following:

Delivery of full perception (survey) and performance (index) data from the most recent editionof the GGEI. The four main dimensions of the GGEI - Leadership & Climate Change, Efficien-cy Sectors, Markets & Investment and Environment & Natural Capital - are each defined bya variety of thematic sub-categories. We collect both perception and performance data forthese different topics and themes. Only subscribing clients receive this full, proprietary datadelivery; the information in the public domain is aggregated.

A written report interpreting and synthesizing these results, translating them into more acces-sible issues and opportunities for clients to evaluate. An overall structure of this report couldinclude an executive summary, key gaps revealed between perception and performance, im-plications for the client given its unique approach to green economy, and concrete sugges-tions for how to improve rankings in the future, with a particular focus on strategic communi-cations and data analytics.

A one-day virtual or live workshop linking findings from the GGEI to the clients specific stra-tegic needs. One workshop model is convening individuals tasked with managing green dataso they can better understand the GGEI data and what it is useful for. In other cases, thisworkshop could engage representatives from a wide-range of ministries or businesses withthe goal of increasing their understanding of the green economy concept overall. Othercustomized models and approaches can be explored upon understanding more about theclients priorities in this space.

Subscribe

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Transitioning to a green economy will require significant public and private in-vestment, as well as a commitment from national leaders to promote the rightmix of fiscal incentives to accelerate green growth. The Markets & Investmentdimension of the GGEI calculates national performance in the areas of renew-able energy attractiveness, cleantech innovation and commercialization, andgreen investment facilitation by government affiliated bodies. It also calculatesperceptions of these four main sub-categories, because investment decisionsare often driven by the quality of market information available. By providing

both perceptions and performance measures in this way, the GGEI offers gov-ernments and the business community a baseline to understand the 60 greenmarkets we cover and how to formulate strategy to improve their appeal andperformance in the future.

As in previous editions, GGEI survey respondents continue to rank the UnitedStates and China, along with Denmark and Germany, as the top markets forgreen investments and the development of cleantech companies and products.While these perceptions are generally confirmed by the performance measurefor the U.S., Germany and Denmark, China fails to score in the top 20 of this di-mension for performance, due to its continued lack of appeal to businesses as amarket climate for the innovation of cleantech products & services and their lack

of best practice communications in facilitating green investments.

This dimension of the GGEI also reveals opportunities for nations to improvehow global investors perceive their markets, demonstrated by GGEI resultswhere performance exceeds perceptions of it. Looking at the top 10 snapshotof results below, Spain, Austria, Iceland, Brazil and Ireland all fall in the top 10 ofthe performance measure, but do not register the same on the perception side.This indicates that some of the strengths of these five markets as targets forinvestment are not fully appreciated by the respondents in our survey, selecteddue to their knowledge of and participation in green markets globally. Thus,better strategic communications and information exchange should be a priorityfor these nations as well as many others not in the top 10 rankings presentedhere to improve these perceptions in order to facilitate greater capital invest-ments, including human capital.

MARKETS & INVESTMENT


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There is no one solution to addressing these information gaps through strategiccommunications. Each market is different with distinct investment opportunities,requiring a tailored approach to develop the right communications strategy. Whilethe majority of the sub-categories in the GGEI are based on quantitative datasets including renewable energy investment country attractiveness and cleantech in-novation and commercialization there is also a qualitative score for each country

around its efforts to facilitate green investments. Understanding the areas evaluat-ed in this sub-category can be a starting point to addressing some of the aforemen-tioned information gaps.

The GGEI qualitative score assessing national performance at facilitating green in-vestments in based on the five factors below. The top two performing nations inthis sub-category Austria and Rwanda exhibit dramatically different country pro-files and economies. Yet they both demonstrate interesting cases to consider whenemploying government bodies to bridge these information gaps with the broaderglobal investor community.

PERCEPTION RANK COUNTRY SCORE

01020304050607

080910

GermanyUnited States

ChinaDenmark

IndiaUnited Kingdom

Japan

SwedenNetherlands

Finland

99.999.596.294.981.579.979.5

74.467.561.7

DenmarkGermanyFinlandSweden

SpainUnited States

Austria

IcelandBrazil

Ireland

86.686.175.574.071.070.370.1

70.170.068.7

01020304050607

080910

PERFORMANCE RANK COUNTRY SCORE

TOP 10 GGEI RESULTS MARKETS & INVESTMENT


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FACTOR DESCRIPTION

The hierarchy of sectors and in-vestment opportunities signalsto the marketplace national pri-orities. By prominently displayinggreen business opportunities,countries signal that they arededicated to developing them.

This background further signalsthat nations are serious about

pursuing green economic growthand supporting the businessesthat enable it. It can also providetangible resources for entrepre-neurs who may be consideringjoint ventures in the market.

Investors need data to evaluateinvestments and having theserelevant data clearly displayedshow transparency and a will-ingness to support investorswith tangible tools as they eval-

uate their options.

Despite the power of digital

these days, people still matter alot. Linking individuals to differ-ent green market segments of-fers investors comfort that theycan follow up with a person todiscuss more nuanced questions.

When approached strategically,digital and social platforms en-able cross border communica-tions and information exchangein new and useful ways. Agenciesthat use these tools properly canadvance their attractiveness as agreen investment target.

Green focus

Presentation of related nationalinitiatives

Market data provided

People

Interactive & social mediaoutreach

To what extent is the greeneconomy and market opportu-nities within it prominently dis-played on the website for thecountrys lead investment pro-motion agency?

What information is provid-ed about national initiatives

in place or planned to fostergreater green investments andsupport international investorsand entrepreneurs?

Is there easily accessible andclearly formatted country-leveldata available so that investorsand businesses can better un-derstand the characteristics ofthe market?

Are there people highlighted

as contacts related to certainmarket segments so that seri-ous investors and entrepreneurscan contact them for more in-depth information exchangeand knowledge sharing?

Does the investment promotionagency have a sophisticatedgrasp of digital and social com-munications tools in a mannerthan successfully leverages themto share useful information?

IMPORTANCE

ASSESSING GREEN INVESTMENT FACILITATION


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For the first time, the environment and natural capital are integrated to this 4th edition

of the GGEI. The relationship between a countrys environmental performance and itsoverall reputation is vitally important. Air quality is perhaps the most vivid example ofthis linkage as social media transmit daily images of smog-filled skies in global cities likeBeijing, harming its international reputation, not to mention the standard of living andhealth of its inhabitants.

But the environment and natural capital function on a deeper, more complex way in thecontext of the green economy concept, and it is important to define this clearly as a wayto illustrate the gap between the current performance measure of this dimension in theGGEI and an ideal one for the longer term. In all economies, natural capital like forestsand water are inputs to economic activity, and exist in varying levels of supply. Whileeconomies or communities within them often depend on natural capital for their eco-nomic well being, many of these same places are in a state of ecological overshoot,a concept championed by the Global Footprint Network (GFN) to illustrate the annualdemand on natural resources compared to what the Earth can regenerate each year.These country-level data tell an ominous story, and the GFN notes that according totheir approach, the Earth has been in ecological overshoot since the 1970s.

The importance of integrating the use of natural resources or capital into measures ofeconomic activity and growth like gross domestic product (GDP) is critical, and some ofthe initiatives currently underway to formulate and measure these values will contributeinvaluable insight to indices like the GGEI in the future. For this years edition, the GGEIcalculates environmental performance based upon the results from the recently calcu-

lated Environmental Performance Index (EPI), published by Yale University. The EPI dataare both high quality from a measurement perspective and exhibit widespread cover-age of the 60 countries tracked on the 2014 GGEI. These two characteristics are criticalfor using data as inputs to global indices like the GGEI. The lack of public datasets ex-hibiting these qualities is one of the issues limiting greater analysis and understandingaround the complex relationship between the environmental and economic pillars ofthe green economy.

In terms of the 2014 GGEI, the results on both the performance and perception sidesreveal interesting insights. Many of the same countries that are perceived positivelyoverall also do well on this dimension, led by Germany, the Nordic states, Australia andCanada. But much like the comparison of climate change performance with green eco-

nomic performance, the performance measure here reveals disconnects between thesethemes and environmental performance. For example, Australia performs near the topof the EPI and the GGEI performance measure of Environment & Natural Capital, but itsperformance is poor overall on the GGEI and the Climate Change Performance Index(CCPI). From a reputational point of view, national leaders will tend to emphasize thepositive areas in their public presentation of the countrys approach to the environment,climate change or green economy. So, advancing public understanding of these dif-ferent perspectives and how they differ from one another as well as reinforce eachother remains a critical communications challenge, particularly related to the conceptof green economy.

ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL CAPITAL


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ISSUE DESCRIPTION FROM YALE EPI

Consumers increasingly valueorganic food products and per-ceptions of the extent to whichnations enable forms of sus-tainable agriculture can impactlevels of satisfaction among thepopulation.

Smog and poor air quality, partic-ularly in cities, galvanizes protestand impacts the calculation ofhuman capital considering mov-ing there.

Access to water and how na-tions enable or obstruct it isan extremely politicized topic.Countries that make progresstowards improvement in theseareas will receive credit fromtheir populations and the globalcommunity.

Oceans and fisheries receive in-creasing attention from the globalmedia and countries that demon-strate strong performance in theseareas will improve their globalgreen reputations over time.

Also a highly politicized issue,forests and rates of deforestationimpact a countrys green reputa-tion in a variety of ways, not tomention impacting local commu-nities who may depend on forestsfor their livelihood.

Global tourism is increasingly

oriented around so-called ecotravel and the extent to which na-tions preserve their natural biodi-versity impacts the appeal to thisgrowing segment of travelers.

Agriculture

Air Quality

Water

Fisheries

Forests

Biodiversity & Habitat

Agriculture assesses policies re-lated to the effects of intensiveagriculture, specifically farm sub-sidies and pesticide regulation.

Air Quality measures popula-tion-weighted exposure to fineparticulate matter and percent-age of the population burningsolid fuel for cooking.

Water and Sanitation trackspercentage of population withaccess to improved drinking wa-ter sources and improved sani-tation, including pit latrines andtoilets. Water Resources trackshow well countries treat waste-water from households and in-dustrial sources before releas-ing it back into the environment.

Fisheries assess countries fish-ing practices - both the use ofheavy equipment and the sizeof the catch.

The Change in Forest Coverindicator measures the per-cent change in forest cover be-tween 2000 and 2012 in areaswith greater than 50 percenttree cover. It factors in areas ofdeforestation (forest loss), re-forestation (forest restorationor replanting) and afforestation(conversion of bare or cultivatedland into forest).

Biodiversity and Habitat tracks

the protection of terrestrial andmarine areas as well as threat-ened or endangered species.

IMPORTANCE OF PERCEPTIONS

The following table explains the environmental issues from the EPI where scores were used to definethe environmental performance rank in this years GGEI. The descriptive language below is mostlyborrowed from the EPI web platform, which can be accessed online at epi.yale.edu.


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+3+3

Even+8+3-5-1

n/aEven

-6

4 (Denmark)5 (Netherlands)

3 (Sweden)12 (Canada)

8 (United Kingdom)1 (Germany)

6 (United States)n/a

9 (Finland)4 (Norway)

10098.3

96.496.090.790.089.284.982.881.2

CopenhagenAmsterdam

StockholmVancouver

LondonBerlin

New YorkSingapore

HelsinkiOslo

0102

0304050607080910

CITY PERCEPTIONRANK 2014

COUNTRY PERCEPTIONRANK 2014

CITY SCORE GAP SCORE*

TOP 10 GGEI RESULTS PERCEPTIONS OF GREEN CITIES

A gap score indicates how a green city reputation interacts with a country one, with a positive score suggesting that the citygreen reputation exceeds the country one, while a negative score indicating the opposite. Understanding these relation-ships is important to the branding and communications aspects of green economy, particularly in smaller countries where thecapital city may be the target for most activity in terms of investment or technological innovation.

*

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While primarily focused on measuring national perceptions and performance in the greeneconomy, the GGEI expert survey also collected perceptions of cities for each of the fourdimensions. For each of the 60 countries covered by the GGEI, we identified their largestmetropolitan area(s) and then asked survey respondents to select the best performing city.

These results revealed both similarities and differences as compared to the national ones.For the second time, Copenhagentops the green city perception measure, with decisiveresults on all four GGEI dimensions of Leadership & Climate Change, Efficiency Sectors,Markets & Investment and Environment & Natural Capital. Other Nordic capital cities alsorank in the top 10, as do cities likeVancouverthat outperform the perception score fortheir country (Canada). Singaporealso receives positive recognition, and is categorizedas a city in this years GGEI.

The relationship between cities and countries in the green economy is a rich one, deserv-ing of a more in-depth exploration than what the GGEI can currently provide. With such

a central role to play in greening national economies particularly as hosts to a growingpercentage of the worlds population city green performance should be studied moreclosely as data and reporting evolves, perhaps through important initiatives like C40 CitiesClimate Leadership Group and the already published Siemens Green City Index.

At present, one insight from the GGEI that can be instructive to leaders is the relationshipbetween city and national green reputations. In many countries particularly smaller mar-kets the capital city is the main target for green investment, innovation and informationexchange around the green economy. Countries in this category face a strategic messag-ing decision about whether to emphasize more the country or the city as the central actorin narratives around the green economy. As the table below indicates, a few places havemanaged to do both, with Denmark - Copenhagen and Sweden - Stockholm being vivid

examples. But the broader results from this category show many cases where cities dra-matically outperform the countries in terms of perception or vice versa, insights we believeshould inform strategic communications in these places for the future.

CITY RESULTS


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Like previous editions, this 2014 GGEI is an entry point for leaders from different

parts of the green economy to better understand the relative performance of coun-tries over time and how actions being taken domestically are impacting both theirgreen economic performance and international reputation.

The overall findings presented in this report only tell part of the story, and the fol-lowing appendices are designed to offer more transparency and country-level infor-mation so that readers can better understand how to leverage the GGEI to supporttheir green economy work. Appendix A presents the indicators and data sourcesdefining the GGEI performance index through its four main dimensions. AppendixB shares some general information about the GGEI methodology, directing readersto our new website where more in-depth information can be found under the GGEI> Methodology tab. Appendix C shares brief country profiles for each of the 60

nations covered on this years GGEI, with associated spider graphs mapping eachcountrys perception and performance score on the four main dimensions of Leader-ship & Climate Change, Efficiency Sectors, Markets & Investment and Environment& Natural Capital.

Partners and stakeholders looking to explore these data more closely in the contextof their specific activities in the green economy should contact us to formalize aGGEI subscription. These subscriptions are structured to share the full data fromthe GGEI in a manner that relates more specifically to different markets or policycontexts. While each subscription can be tailored to client needs, a general modelfor how these subscriptions work is defined on our new website under the GGEI >Subscribe tab.

In many cases, these subscriptions are best supplemented by additional consultingofferings, where findings from the GGEI are combined with other data or analyticwork to enrich our clients understanding of how to improve their green economicperformance and perceptions of it. Again, some examples of these customizedconsulting offerings including GGEI customizations by country, region or city, mar-ket prospectuses, sector or thematic strategic communications, localized percep-tion surveys, and training packages for index creation can be found on our newwebsite under the GGEI > Consultingtab.

The core purpose of the Dual Citizen LLC practice is to improve the value of data

and communications as tools for promoting international development and greengrowth. We view this 4th edition of the GGEI as a big step forward in our ability torealize this purpose in partnership with the wide array of other individuals, organi-zations and country and city leaders working to address this critical issue. Each newedition of the GGEI reveals progress, greater momentum and new opportunitiesfor using data analytics and strategic communications to embed green economyand green growth more deeply in our shared global economy. We hope that thisexpanded 4th edition of the GGEI continues to enrich our clients, partners and theinternational community at large.

CONCLUSION


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APPENDIX A: INDICATORS AND DATA SOURCES

Leadership& ClimateChange

EfficiencySectors

DIMENSION INDICATOR

Google Analysisscored by DualCitizen LLC onscale of 0-10

LEED certificationas reported bythe U.S. GreenBuilding Council(USGBC)

Qualitative

Quantitative

Head of Statesadvocacy for greeneconomy

LEED certification ofbuilding construction

Head of State

Buildings

20%

25%

Climate ActionNetwork (ECO)reporting scored byDual Citizen LLC onscale of 0-10

Scored by Dual

Citizen LLC on scaleof 0-10

Qualitative

Qualitative

Nationalpositions &statements ininternational forums

Ranking of national

tourism ministryefforts

InternationalForums

Tourism

20%

25%

Google Analysisscored by DualCitizen LLC onscale of 0-10

InternationalEnergy Agency(IEA)

Qualitative

Quantitative

Positive mediacoverage of nationalgreen economy

Renewable electricityas a percentage ofnational total

Media Coverage

Energy

10%

25%

InternationalEnergy Agency(IEA), ClimateChangePerformanceIndex (CCPI)

InternationalEnergy Agency(IEA)

Quantitative

Quantitative

CO2 emissions percapitaCO2 emissions perunit of gross domesticproduct (GDP)CO2 emissions per unitof primary energy use

Emissions fromtransport and10-year trend

Climate ChangePerformance

Transport

50%

25%

WEIGHTING DESCRIPTION SOURCE(S)TYPE


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Renewable EnergyCountry AttractivenessIndex (RECAI, Ernst &

Young)

Countryattractiveness for REinvestment

SOURCE(S)

Environment& NaturalCapital

DIMENSION INDICATOR

QuantitativeRenewableEnergyInvestment

Attractiveness

25%

EnvironmentalPerformance Index2014 (Yale University)

Quantitative Assesses policies re-lated to the effects ofintensive agriculture,specifically farm subsi-dies and pesticideregulations

Agriculture 17%

WWF CleantechGroup GlobalCleantech InnovationIndex 2014

Quantitative Business climatefor cleantechcommercialization

CleantechCommercialization

20%


Quantitative Tracks how well coun-tries treat wastewaterfrom households andindustrial sourcesbefore releasing it backinto the environment

Water 17%

Global InnovationIndex (INSEAD),Cleantech Group,Heslin, Rothenberg,Farley & Mesiti p.c.

Quantitative Business climate forcleantech innovation

CleantechInnovation

30%


Quantitative Measures popula-tion-weighted exposureto fine particulate mat-ter and percentage ofthe population burning

solid fuel for cooking

Air Quality 17%


Quantitative Measures the loss inforest area from 2000to 2012 usingsatellite-derived data

Forests

Scored by Dual

Citizen LLC on scaleof 0-10

Qualitative National efforts

to facilitate greeninvestment

Green

InvestmentFacilitation

25%



Quantitative

Quantitative

Tracks the protectionof terrestrial andmarine areas as well asthreatened or endan-gered species

Assesses countriesfishing practices -both the use of heavyequipment and thesize of the catch

Biodiversity& Habitat

Fisheries

17%

17%

17%

Markets &Investment

TYPE WEIGHTING DESCRIPTION


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The GGEI methodology draws from guidelines published through the OECD Hand-book on Constructing Composite Indicators. We have also consulted extensivelywith the publishers of other leading indices in this field to learn from their method-ological approaches to similar measurement challenges.

Publishing an index like the GGEI is ultimately a series of decisions, often balancingthe depth and breadth of issues covered against the available data. Furthermore,the concept of green economy is still a nascent one, gradually becoming moredefined as the theoretical and practical parts of it are tested and developed.

We applied a consistent normalization approach using GDP (PPP) to expressed val-ues with inherent imbalances based on the size of the country economy. Based onthe top down approach to data selection, we generally applied equal weightingsto both the four dimensions of the GGEI and their sub-categories. One exceptionto this is on the Leadership & Climate Change dimension, where we lessened theweighting for the head of state and media coverage sub-categories, which in turn

more heavily weighted international forums and climate change performance.

Obviously, the GGEI draws from a wide range of underlying datasets, and it is im-portant to assume a consistent method for aggregating them. Our approach wasto calculate the mean and standard deviation for each indicator or dataset, which inturn enables calculating a z-score and associated percentile. Then, these percentilevalues can be aggregated in a uniform manner, generating a country score that isexpressed on the spectrum of 0-100.

For a more detailed explanation of the methodology behind the 2014 GGEI, please visitour website www.dualcitizeninc.comand click on the GGEI > Methodology tab.

APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY


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ARGENTINA

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRIA

Argentinas mid-range performance ranking slightly ex-ceeds its perception score, meaning that there is signif-icant room for improvement in both Argentinas GGEIperformance and in the communication of its green en-deavors. Compared to other countries in South America,Argentina scores poorly on the Leadership & ClimateChange dimension - driven by a lack of media associ-ation between the nation and the green economy con-cept - and on Efficiency Sectors, most notably sustain-able building. Areas to focus on might include Markets& Investment and Environment & Natural Capital, whereArgentina ranks respectably on the performance side, re-

sults that could be translated into a stronger green rep-utation over time.

Australias debate over a carbon tax has thrust the coun-try into the international spotlight this year, perhapsleading to a greater understanding of the countrysoverall green economic merits. Australia is a rare casewhere its perception score significantly exceeds its per-formance one. The main driver is the Leadership & Cli-mate Change dimension where despite relatively strongrecognition in the survey, Australia ranks last on the per-formance measure. This poor result is due to negative

media coverage, unconstructive behavior in internationalforums and poor climate change performance, despiteits reduction in the carbon intensity of its economy overthe last year. Besides focusing much needed attention inthese areas, Australia should build upon its strong resultin both perception and performance on the Markets &Investment dimension.

Austria outperforms expert perception rankings on theGGEI, revealing an opportunity for better green countrybranding and strategic communications. The highlightsof Austrias performance result include Efficiency Sectors

and Environment & Natural Capital, driven by its ener-gy sector and commitment to sustainable tourism. Onearea of focus for Austrian leadership is to build interna-tional recognition of their positive performance in theseareas. But Austria has most to gain on the Markets &Investment dimension, where they score in the top 10 forperformance but much lower for perception, a clear callto action for better information exchange around the vi-tality of Austrias domestic market for green investmentand business development.

APPENDIX C: COUNTRY PROFILES

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK


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BELGIUM

BRAZIL

BURKINA FASO

Covered for the first time on this years GGEI, Belgium ex-hibits mediocre results for both perceptions and perfor-mance. Belgium performs near the bottom of EU statesin each dimension of the GGEI, with the exception ofLeadership & Climate Change, where its result is aroundthe middle. Belgiums head of state, favorable mediacoverage and constructive contributions to internationalforums on climate change contribute to this more pos-itive result. On the other three dimensions, Belgium isnot breaking through on the perception survey and haswork to do to improve its performance relative to otherEU nations.

Brazils overall perception and performance scores arenearly even, but they both fall short of the top 10 positionit held in the 3rd edition of the GGEI, likely due to theinclusion of more nations with stronger green merits inthis years index. Brazil performs well on the Markets andInvestment dimension with its vital market for cleantechcommercialization and an attractive domestic climate forinvestment in renewables. Given its significant natural re-sources and rising economic power, Brazil can do more inproviding leadership around the centrality of green eco-nomic growth to its future development. This leadership

will be critical for Brazil to improve its future performanceon the Environment & Natural Capital dimension, partic-ularly forests and water.

Burkina Fasos GGEI performance score exceeds its greenreputation, suggesting several areas for improvement incommunicating the nations green merits. Burkina Fasosperformance score is driven mostly by its overall environ-mental result, defined by a high rank in the agricultureand fisheries sub-categories of the Environment & Nat-

ural Capital dimension of the GGEI. Burkina Faso alsodoes well in green leadership through international fo-rums and media recognition of its commitment to pursu-ing a green development model. For the future, BurkinaFaso should focus greater resources on articulating thiscommitment and positive performance with the goal offurther engaging international stakeholders with knowl-edge and understanding of its domestic green economy.

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK


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CAMBODIA

CANADA

CHILE

Covered for the first time on this years GGEI, Cambo-

dias results shows some areas of good green economicperformance, but very limited recognition through theperception survey. Cambodia fails to register really onany aspect of the GGEI perception survey, meaning thereis work to be done to better position its efforts to glob-al audiences. But Cambodia performs quite well on theLeadership & Climate Change and Efficiency Sectors di-mensions, and stronger focus communicating its effortsin these realms should help to improve its perceptionscore over time. Cambodias performance is not as im-pressive on the Markets & Investment and Environment& Natural Capital dimensions, where focused efforts areneeded.

Canadas results remain difficult to decipher, somethingalso found in earlier editions of the GGEI. On the onehand, Canadas green economy is quite strong, both interms of perception where it ranks near the top 10 overalland performance, where Canada does very well on theEfficiency Sectors and Markets & Investment dimensions.But Canadas performance score near the bottom of theLeadership & Climate Change dimension drags down itsoverall result significantly. The countrys head of state,media coverage, behavior in international forums and cli-mate change performance are all extremely low as mea-sured by the GGEI. While these areas obviously need

improvement from a performance point of view, our sur-vey respondents dont appear to take much notice, asCanada still ranks near the top 20 of the GGEI perceptionsurvey on Leadership & Climate Change.

Chile greatly outperforms its overall perception score onthe GGEI, and there are a variety of rich opportunities forbetter green branding and communications there. Al-though our survey respondents gave Chile poor markson Environment and Natural Capital measures, Chilesperformance ranked in the top 10, surpassing otherSouth American nations, due mainly to its prevention

of deforestation. Chiles excellent performance on Effi-ciency Sectors, such as buildings and tourism, also wentmostly unnoticed by our experts, suggesting that there isa strong need for better communications efforts by na-tional leadership of Chiles commitment to sustainabili-ty. Building this sustainability-conscious image will go along way toward improving perceptions of Chiles greeneconomy and attracting greater visibility to investmentopportunities there.

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK


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CHINA

COLOMBIA

COSTA RICA

As a fast-growing economy with significant market op-

portunities related to efficiency sectors, China continuesto rank quite well on the GGEI perception survey. Notsurprisingly, Chinas best results in terms of the percep-tion survey can be found on the Markets & Investmentdimension where the country is perceived as a leadingtarget for investment and green product developmentalong with the United States and Germany. Chinas GGEIresults can improve with greater focus on performanceon the other three dimensions, where it ranks quite poor-ly. The Environment & Natural Capital dimension is anurgent area for Chinese leadership to tackle, as Chinaranks last in performance among the 60 nations trackedby the 2014 GGEI.

Colombia greatly outperforms expert perception rankingson the GGEI, suggesting the need for better outreach andcommunications about the countrys green merits and op-portunities. Colombias high performance is driven by astrong result on the Efficiency Sectors dimension due toits utilization of renewable energy and commitment toadvancing sustainable tourism. Colombia is also a highperformer in terms of international leadership on greeneconomy, and global media appear to cover these effortsfavorably. In addition to greater focus on messaging thesestrengths to international audiences, Colombian leader-

ship should look carefully at ways to improve its perfor-mance in the Markets & Investment dimension, as this isColombias weakest result on the GGEI.

Covered for the first time, Costa Rica shines in all as-pects of the GGEI, providing a useful case study for howa small, upper middle income nation can both performwell in the green economy and build a vibrant greencountry brand around it. Costa Ricas overall top resulton the performance measure is driven by impressiveresults on both the Efficiency Sectors and Environment

& Natural Capital dimensions, making it one of only afew countries to achieve such strong results in both ar-eas. Unlike similar nations that excel on the performancerank, Costa Rica is also recognized for it, a lesson in howsmart communications and green country branding canpay off, regardless of country profile. Future efforts inCosta Rica should focus on Markets & Investment, wherethere is room for improvement both in terms of percep-tion and performance.

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK

PERCEPTION RANK

PERFORMANCE RANK


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CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

ETHIOPIA

The Czech Republics GGEI performance reveals a mixedpicture. On the one hand, the country exhibits verystrong environmental performance. On the other hand,the Czech Republic (along with Poland) is near the bot-tom of EU countries on the Efficiency Sectors dimension,driven in part by its relatively carbon inefficient econ-omy. To improve this performance for the future, andhopefully perceptions as well, Czech leadership shouldfocus on how to transform its economy to be less carbonintensive, an effort that should be aided by the strongbusiness climate there for the innovation of cleantechproducts and services.

Denmark continues to maintain its leading position on theGGEI, both in terms of perception and performance. Atrue green country brand, Denmark relentlessly communi-cates its commitment to green growth through a variety ofstrategies and tactics, and global practitioners continue tosignal the positive impact of these efforts. Denmark gen-erally ranks higher in perception compared to other Nor-dic nations, particularly as a vital market for cleantech in-vestment and innovation. Greater environmental focus onfisheries and forests coupled with translating Denmarks

strong green policies into greater efficiency improve-ments in sectors like buildings and transport can improveDenmarks score further in the future.

Ethiopias overall performance on the GGEI exceeds howexperts perceive it, suggesting an opportunity for moretargeted communications from leadership there. Ethio-pia tops the performance rankings on the Leadership &Climate Change dimension, driven by the relatively lowcarbon intensity of its economy and national efforts to

promote green measures through its Climate-ResilientGreen Economy Strategy. Given its high GDP growthrate at the moment, Ethiopia should work on its per-formance in the Markets & Investment dimension andbetter articulate to investors the green investment op-portunities there. It will also be critical to ensure that itscarbon intensity remains low as development proceedsin efficiency sectors like buildings.

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FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

Finland continues its steady improvement in results onthe GGEI, ranking in the top 10 for both perception and

performance. There are a lot of bright spots to Finlandsgreen economy story ranging from its efficiency sectors,its vital market for green investments and its successfulstewardship of the environment and natural capital. Thechallenge continues to be breaking through in compari-son to its Nordic neighbors, who also focus strategicallyin these areas and generally outshine Finland on the per-ception survey. Efforts underway like Solved an onlinecleantech advisory service - are smart examples of how toapproach closing this gap in practice. Continued focuson strategic communications and networking to conveythe strength of Finlands position in the green economyshould help to improve perceptions for the future.

France is a country where perceptions of its green per-formance lag slightly behind performance as measuredthrough the GGEI. This result appears on the Leadership& Climate Change and Efficiency Sectors dimensions,while on the Environment & Natural Capital dimensionFrances perception result is actually stronger than itsperformance one. One area of opportunity for France isMarkets & Investment, where it is behind most of the oth-er large, EU economies both in terms of perception andperformance. Yet France does quite well in terms of itsattractiveness for renewable energy investment and the

innovation of cleantech products and services, somethingthat French leadership can capitalize on to better positionits green economy as an engine for future growth.

It is difficult to find a weak spot in the Germany results onthe GGEI. Highly regarded by survey respondents on allfour GGEI dimensions, Germany is a case study in howa sensible, no-nonsense policy approach to green econ-omy can translate into a glowing global green reputa-tion. In the top 10 of most perception and performancescores, Germany is particularly dominant in the Markets

& Investment dimension where it is the leading countryin both perception and performance. Similar to otherdeveloped economies, Germanys performance score isnegatively impacted by the carbon intensity of its econ-omy. Ensuring that Germany continues to reduce thecarbon intensity of its economy as it phases out nuclearpower will be critical for Germany to maintain its strongstanding on the GGEIs future editions.

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GHANA

ICELAND

INDIA

Ghanas performance on the GGEI exceeds expert per-ceptions of it, indicating the need for greater recognitionof the countrys green leadership and low carbon-inten-sive economy. Though Ghana has one of the fastest grow-ing economies in the world in terms of GDP, the countryranks last on the Markets & Investments dimension, aclear indication that Ghana should focus on policies thatenable a more vital climate for green investment, innova-tion and knowledge transfer. Ghana also exhibits worri-some environmental performance, and greater focus onits forests and air quality score are keys to improving thisresult for the future.

Iceland is a case where better communications areneeded to advance global understanding of its greeneconomy and associated market opportunities. Thecountrys high performance ranking overall in the GGEIcorresponds to an average rank in most areas of the per-ception survey. Icelands strong GGEI performance re-lates to its energy efficient economy with a high relianceon renewables for electricity generation and a strongcommitment to the environment. If Iceland smartlycommunicates its leadership in this space through

political, business, and public diplomacy channels itshould see a corresponding rise in its standing in futureeditions of the GGEI perception survey.

India scores fairly well on the latest GGEI perceptionsurvey, based mostly on its high result on the Markets& Investment dimension. Global investors continue tosee the Indian market as appealing for renewable energyinvestment and the innovation and commercialization ofcleantech products and services. While Indias perfor-

mance on the Markets & Investment dimension lags be-hind perceptions of it, Indias greatest challenge relatesto its low performance result in other areas of the GGEI.India ranks near the bottom on Leadership & ClimateChange and Environment & Natural capital performance.Serious efforts are required to address the countrys car-bon inefficient economy and environmental sub-catego-ries like agriculture, air quality and water.

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INDONESIA

IRELAND

ISRAEL

Indonesias performance on the GGEI is quite poor, rank-ing near the bottom of most dimensions except for Lead-ership & Climate Change. Efficiency sectors like build-ings and transport are poor performers from a greenperspective in Indonesia, while its energy and tourismsectors are only slightly better. The other dimensions re-veal a similar result, making it difficult to identify an areaIndonesia can build upon to enhance its global greenreputation. That said, Indonesia actually performs nota-bly better on perception compared to performance, sug-gesting that global practitioners have taken notice of thecountrys efforts to begin to pursue more green growthpathways. As Indonesian leadership remains committedto these improvements, the country should start to seethese efforts reflected in their GGEI ranking.

Ireland is a case where better communications are clear-ly needed to advance global understanding of its greeneconomy and associated market opportunities. Whilethere is room for improvement, Ireland performs re-spectably on each of the four dimensions of the GGEIperformance measure. The challenge for Irish leadershipis to communicate this performance and the associatedopportunities to global audiences more effectively. Onevivid example: Ireland ranks near the top in terms of be-ing a vital market for cleantech innovation but our survey

places Ireland near the bottom of EU nations on this top-ic in terms of how the country is perceived.

Israel performs quite well on the GGEI perception sur-vey for a country of its size. Its overall top 20 rankingis driven primarily by the Markets & Investment dimen-sion, where survey respondents give Israel high marksfor its attractiveness as a target for green investments

and the innovation and commercialization of cleantechproducts and services. While continuing to cement itsreputation as a leader in these new markets and theinnovations driving them, Israels future GGEI perfor-mance rank could be improved significantly with great-er focus on greening efficiency sectors, most notablybuildings, energy and transport.

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ITALY

JAPAN

KENYA

Italys GGEI results are generally unremarkable, rankingaround average on most dimensions and below the ma-jority of EU states. Two bright spots in terms of Italysperformance is better climate change and environmen-tal performance than many comparable EU states. Thechallenge, however, appears to be around Markets & In-vestment where Italy is not regarded as a vital target forrenewable energy investment despite fairly good resultson the performance measure. As Italy continues to strug-gle with broader fiscal challenges, leaders there shouldwork towards a better climate for green investment, in-novation and commercialization as a strategy for greengrowth and better GGEI results.

Japan experienced significant improvement in its per-ception survey results in 2014 as compared to 2012. Inthe top 10 overall, Japan is perceived as particularlystrong on Efficiency Sectors and Markets & Investmentanchored by a perceived commitment to clean transportand cleantech innovation. Yet these perceptions arentconfirmed by Japans performance results. In that re-gard, Japan ranks overall towards the bottom of OECDnations. A relatively carbon intensive economy negative-ly impacts Japans performance on the Efficiency Sectorsdimension, despite better performance results for Mar-

kets & Investment and Environment & Natural Capital.Japan should continue to promote renewable energydevelopment to offset its phasing out of nuclear poweras a strategy for improving its future GGEI performancescore.

Kenyas overall performance and perception rankingson the GGEI are matched, though there is a significantamount of disparity between the two rankings on eachdimension of the GGEI. Contrary to expert perceptions,Kenya excels in performance rankings on the Leadership& Climate Change dimension due to the low-carbon in-

tensity of its economy and relatively strong green lead-ership. Much like neighboring country Ethiopia, howev-er, Kenya performs poorly on the Markets & Investmentdimension, driven by a lack of perceived opportunitiesfor renewable energy investment and growth. For thefuture, Kenya should focus on facilitating investmentopportunities to maintain low-carbon intensity develop-ment in its efficiency and environmental sectors.

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MALAYSIA

MAURITIUS

MEXICO

Covered for the first time on the GGEI, Malaysia exhibits

average results both in terms of green performance andexpert perceptions of it. While Malaysias results dontreveal any areas where its perception rank is unusuallystrong, it generally isnt unusually weak, suggesting aplatform upon which to build its green reputation for thefuture. On the performance side, Malaysia ranks in thetop 10 of the Markets & Investments dimension, reveal-ing an opportunity to focus more resources on educatingglobal investors about these opportunities. The coun-trys performance result on the Efficiency Sectors and En-vironment & Natural Capital dimensions are less encour-aging, and Malaysian leadership should focus policiesaround improving these results for the future.

Mauritius performs well in its first year on the GGEI,with its performance surpassing expert perceptions duemostly to impressive results on the Environment & Nat-ural Capital dimension. Mauritius is near the top in per-formance here, driven by its results in the air quality andagriculture sub-categories. Interestingly, Mauritius per-forms quite poorly on the Efficiency Sectors dimension despite stronger perception results - due to insufficientcommunication around sustainable tourism and limitedrenewable energy integration with its overall economy.

Given its reputation as a tourist destination and the exis-tence of some efforts to more formally integrate sustain-able tourism, Mauritius should advertise better how tovisit the island in a sustainable way.

Mexicos overall perception and performance rank arebasically equal, and the GGEI reveals various opportuni-ties for improvement in both areas. While Mexico rankedin the top 10 of the last edition of the GGEI in terms ofperceptions of its Leadership performance, its positionhas fallen significantly in this years edition. On the otherdimensions, it is hard to find an area for Mexico to build

upon as it exhibits mediocre performance and percep-tion results on the Efficiency Sectors, Markets & Invest-ment and Environmental & Natural Capital dimensions.One bright spot is sustainable tourism, where Mexico isranked third in performance. Given that Mexico is a tour-ist destination, better green country branding throughsustainable tourism may be a smart communicationsstrategy for Mexican leadership to pursue.

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MONGOLIA

MOROCCO

MOZAMBIQUE

Covered for the first time, Mongolia ranks towards the

bottom of both the perception and performance rankingsof the GGEI. Unlike some cases where a poor overall rank-ing is associated with stronger results in one of the fourGGEI dimensions, it is hard to identify this with regards toMongolia. It is critical for Mongolian leadership to con-tinue to vocalize their commitments to green economicgrowth and to build partnerships with initiatives like theUnited Nations Environment Programs Partnership forAction on the Green Economy (PAGE), in order to slow-ly build the capacity to pursue green economic growth.Once this direction is established, Mongolia should havenew opportunities to com

the global green economy index 2014

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