the global information technology report the global
TRANSCRIPT
The Global Competitiveness Index 2015–2016 Rankings
Covering 140 economies, the Global Competitiveness Index 2015–2016 measures national competitiveness—defined as the set of institutions, policies and factors that determine the level of productivity.
1
10
19
28
37
46
4
13
22
31
40
7
16
25
34
43
2
11
20
29
38
47
5
14
23
32
41
8
17
26
35
44
3
12
21
30
39
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15
24
33
42
9
18
27
36
45
Economy Score1 Prev.2 Trend3
Switzerland 5.76 1
Singapore 5.68 2
United States 5.61 3
Germany 5.53 5
Netherlands 5.50 8
Japan 5.47 6
Hong Kong SAR 5.46 7
Finland 5.45 4
Sweden 5.43 10
United Kingdom 5.43 9
Norway 5.41 11
Denmark 5.33 13
Canada 5.31 15
Qatar 5.30 16
Taiwan, China 5.28 14
New Zealand 5.25 17
United Arab Emirates 5.24 12
Malaysia 5.23 20
Belgium 5.20 18
Luxembourg 5.20 19
Australia 5.15 22
France 5.13 23
Austria 5.12 21
Ireland 5.11 25
Saudi Arabia 5.07 24
Korea, Rep. 4.99 26
Israel 4.98 27
China 4.89 28
Iceland 4.83 30
Estonia 4.74 29
Czech Republic 4.69 37
Thailand 4.64 31
Spain 4.59 35
Kuwait 4.59 40
Chile 4.58 33
Lithuania 4.55 41
Indonesia 4.52 34
Portugal 4.52 36
Bahrain 4.52 44
Azerbaijan 4.50 38
Poland 4.49 43
Kazakhstan 4.49 50
Italy 4.46 49
Latvia 4.45 42
Russian Federation 4.44 53
Mauritius 4.43 39
Philippines 4.39 52
50
59
68
77
86
53
62
71
80
89
56
65
74
83
92
51
60
69
78
54
72
81
90
57
66
75
93
52
61
70
79
88
55
64
73
82
91
58
67
76
85
94
Economy Score1 Prev.2 Trend3
Malta 4.39 47
South Africa 4.39 56
Panama 4.38 48
Turkey 4.37 45
Costa Rica 4.33 51
Romania 4.32 59
Bulgaria 4.32 54
India 4.31 71
Vietnam 4.30 68
Mexico 4.29 61
Rwanda 4.29 62
Slovenia 4.28 70
Macedonia, FYR 4.28 63
Colombia 4.28 66
Oman 4.25 46
Hungary 4.25 60
Jordan 4.23 64
Cyprus 4.23 58
Georgia 4.22 69
Slovak Republic 4.22 75
Sri Lanka 4.21 73
Peru 4.21 65
Montenegro 4.20 67
Botswana 4.19 74
Morocco 4.17 72
Uruguay 4.09 80
Iran, Islamic Rep. 4.09 83
Brazil 4.08 57
Ecuador 4.07 n/a
Croatia 4.07 77
Guatemala 4.05 78
Ukraine 4.03 76
Tajikistan 4.03 91
Greece 4.02 81
Armenia 4.01 85
Lao PDR 4.00 93
Moldova 4.00 82
Namibia 3.99 88
Jamaica 3.97 86
Algeria 3.97 79
Honduras 3.95 100
Trinidad and Tobago 3.94 89
Cambodia 3.94 95
Côte d’Ivoire 3.93 115
Tunisia 3.93 87
Albania 3.93 97
Serbia 3.89 94
99
108
117
120
126
135
102
111
129
138
105
114
123
132
100
118
127
136
103
112
121
130
139
106
115
124
133
101
110
119
128
137
104
113
122
131
140
107
116
125
134
Economy Score1 Prev.2 Trend3
El Salvador 3.87 84
Zambia 3.87 96
Seychelles 3.86 92
Dominican Republic 3.86 101
Kenya 3.85 90
Nepal 3.85 102
Lebanon 3.84 113
Kyrgyz Republic 3.83 108
Gabon 3.83 106
Mongolia 3.81 98
Bhutan 3.80 103
Argentina 3.79 104
Bangladesh 3.76 109
Nicaragua 3.75 99
Ethiopia 3.75 118
Senegal 3.73 112
Bosnia & Herzegovina 3.71 n/a
Cape Verde 3.70 114
Lesotho 3.70 107
Cameroon 3.69 116
Uganda 3.66 122
Egypt 3.66 119
Bolivia 3.60 105
Paraguay 3.60 120
Ghana 3.58 111
Tanzania 3.57 121
Guyana 3.56 117
Benin 3.55 n/a
Gambia, The 3.48 125
Nigeria 3.46 127
Zimbabwe 3.45 124
Pakistan 3.45 129
Mali 3.44 128
Swaziland 3.40 123
Liberia 3.37 n/a
Madagascar 3.32 130
Myanmar 3.32 134
Venezuela 3.30 131
Mozambique 3.20 133
Haiti 3.18 137
Malawi 3.15 132
Burundi 3.11 139
Sierra Leone 3.06 138
Mauritania 3.03 141
Chad 2.96 143
Guinea 2.84 144
Advanced Economies
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
Emerging and Developing Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Commonwealth of Independent States
Emerging and Developing Europe
Sub-Saharan Africa
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95
98
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Insight Report
Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum
The GlobalCompetitiveness Report2015–2016
Latest Research
Acknowledgements
The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness and Risks Team is pleased to acknowledge and thank its network of valued Partner Institutes, without which the realization of The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 would not have been possible. Partner Institutes typically consist of leading research or academic institutes, business organizations, national competitiveness councils or recognized professional entities, committed to improving the competitiveness of their economy. By being responsible for the administration of the Executive Opinion Survey in their countries, the Partner Institutes provide the Forum with a representative sample of data, which allows the research to be carried out.
Switzerland91-93 route de la Capite,CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva
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weforum.org/gcr
The Global Competitiveness and Risks Team measures the drivers of social and economic development through a set of proprietary global indexes and conducts an annual assessment of global risks. Its research serves as a platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue and public-private cooperation for better policymaking and more resilience.
About the World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum is an international institution committed to improving the state of the world through public-private cooperation in the spirit of global citizenship. It engages with business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas.
Incorporated as a not-for-profit foundation in 1971 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Forum is independent, impartial and not tied to any interests. It cooperates closely with all leading international organizations.
The Global Risks 2015 Report
Every year since 2006, this report assesses the global risks landscape and analyzes the complex interconnections among key risks. Drawing on the perspectives of leading experts, the report aims to stimulate multi-stakeholder dialogue around the world on how to address, mitigate, and prepare for the most significant risks. Visit www.weforum.org/risks.
The Global Information Technology Report 2015
Launched in 2001, The Global Information Technology Report series features the Network Readiness Index, an annual assessment of the factors, policies and institutions that enable a country to fully leverage information and communication technologies (ICTs) for increased competitiveness and well-being. Under the theme “ICTs for inclusive growth”, the 2015 edition evaluates 143 economies and showcases practical solutions to allow everyone to participate in and benefit from the ICT revolution. Visit www.weforum.org/gitr.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015
This report assesses economies based on the policies they are implementing to develop the travel and tourism sector. It explores how the travel and tourism industry has the potential to boost economic resilience and job creation, and examines a number of factors that continue to hinder its development. Visit www.weforum.org/ttcr.
The Africa Competitiveness Report 2015
The Africa Competitiveness Report highlights areas that require policy action and investment to ensure Africa’s sustained growth. The Report, which is the result of a long-standing collaboration, leverages the knowledge and expertise of the African Development Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank Group, and the World Economic Forum to present a joint vision to inform policies that can help Africa transform its economies. Visit www.weforum.org/acr.
Global Risks 201510th Edition
Insight Report
Note: The Global Competitiveness Index captures the fundamentals of an economy. Recent developments, including currency (e.g., Switzerland) and commodity price fluctuations (e.g., Azerbaijan, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia), geopolitical uncertainties (e.g., Ukraine), and security issues (e.g., Turkey) must be kept in mind when interpreting the results.
1 Scale ranges from 1 to 7.
2 2014-2015 rank out of 144 economies.
3 Evolution in percentile rank since 2007.
Insight Report
The GlobalCompetitiveness Report2015–2016Highlights
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS
EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS
SO
PH
ISTI
CAT
ION
INN
OVA
TIO
N A
ND
United StatesThe United States retains 3rd place. While many risks, arguably, loom on the horizon, the country’s recovery can build on improvements in institutions, the macroeconomic environment and the financial markets. The country’s major strength is its unique combination of exceptional innovation capacity, large market size and sophisticated businesses.
Latin AmericaThere is a wide competitiveness divide among economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Once again, Chile (35th) leads the regional rankings and Brazil continues its downward trend, dropping 18 places to 75th. The region must build resilience against external economic shocks and infrastructure, skills and innovation – areas in which the region performs relatively poorly – are among the fundamentals to be strengthened.
SwitzerlandSwitzerland tops the ranking for the seventh consecutive year. The very strong fundamentals explain the country’s remarkable resilience throughout the crisis. In particular, the country excels at nurturing and attracting talent, which powers a remarkable innovation ecosystem (1st). In the face of increased competition and rising costs, Switzerland must retain its innovation edge. It must address the challenges of skills shortage and unfavourable demographics, while avoiding the pitfalls of populism and complacency.
ColombiaColombia ranks 61st, up 5 places, improving for the second year in a row, which reflects continued efforts to improve competitiveness. The country’s performance is relatively stable across most pillars, with small improvements on most dimensions compared with last year. Yet, further improvement in the quality of the education system and in the country’s institutional framework are needed to achieve a higher level of competitiveness.
The Global Competitiveness Map About the Global Competitiveness Index
Competitiveness is defined as the set of institutions, policies and factors that determine a country’s level of productivity. The level of productivity, in turn, sets the level of prosperity that can be reached by an economy.
Since 2005, the World Economic Forum has based its competitiveness analysis on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a comprehensive framework that measures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness, grouped into 12 categories.
Institutions
Concepts related to protection of property rights, efficiency and transparency of public administration, independence of the judiciary, physical security, business ethics and corporate governance
Public institutions Private institutions
Infrastructure
Quality and availability of transport, electricity and communication infrastructures
Transport infrastructure Electricity & telephony infrastructure
Macroeconomic environment
Fiscal and monetary indicators, savings rate and sovereign debt rating
Health & primary education
State of public health, quality and quantity of basic education
Health Primary education
Higher education & training
Quality and quantity of higher education, and quality and availability of on-the-job training
Quantity of education Quality of education On-the-job training
Goods market efficiency
Factors that drive the intensity of domestic and foreign competition, and demand conditions
Competition Quality of demand conditions
Labour market efficiency
Labour market efficiency and flexibility, meri-tocracy and gender parity in the workplace
Flexibility Efficient use of talent
Financial market development
Efficiency, stability and trustworthiness of the financial and banking system
Efficiency Trustworthiness and confidence
Market size
Size of the domestic and export markets
Domestic market size Foreign market size
Technological readiness
Adoption of the technologies by individuals and businesses.
Technological adoption ICT use
Business sophistication
Efficiency and sophistication of business processes in the country
Innovation
Capacity for, and commitment to technological innovation
To produce The Global Competitiveness Report, as well as other regional and industry benchmarking reports, the World Economic Forum relies on a large set of data sourced from international organiza-tions such as the World Bank, the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, and from its own annual Executive Opinion Survey.
The Survey captures invaluable information on a broad range of eco-nomic and social factors, for which data sources are non-existent, too scarce, unreliable, or outdated. In 2015, the Survey captured the opinions of over 14,000 business executives.
The GCI Framework: The 12 Pillars of Competitiveness
Sources: World Economic Forum; IMFNote: The GCI 2007–2008 rank out of 131 appears next to the country name. The number of economies included in each group is indicated in parentheses along the x-axis
Southern EuropeIn Southern Europe, Spain (33rd), Portugal (38th) and Italy (43rd) continue to show some improvements, especially in the functioning of their market in labour and goods. Greece (81st) fails to improve and remains by far European Union’s weakest performer. Access to finance remains the main drag to competitiveness across the region.
ChinaStable at 28th, well ahead of the other BRICS economies, China faces new challenges. After years of rapid growth, quick and easy productivity gains are dwindling. Building on its strong foundations, China must pursue market-oriented reforms, promote entrepreneurship and nurture talent to continue to move up the value chain.
VietnamProgressing for the third consecutive year, Vietnam is 56th (up 12). Challenges are plenty, most notably in higher education, technological adoption and business sophistication. However, trends are overwhelmingly positive. The country reflects the dynamism of the South East Asian region, where the five largest ASEAN members —Malaysia (18th), Thailand (32nd), Indonesia (37th), the Philippines (47th) and Vietnam— all rank in the top half of the overall GCI.
South AfricaSouth Africa reverses its downward trend, going up to 49th, largely due to an increased uptake of ICTs and improvements in innovation. The country boasts the continent’s most efficient financial market (12th) and an efficient transport infrastructure (29th). Among many challenges, South Africa needs to address persistent inefficiencies in its labour market (107th), as well as unsatisfactory health (128th) and education (120th) outcomes.
Middle East and North AfricaStark differences in competitiveness characterize the Middle East and North Africa region. While many GCC countries are fairly competitive, the Levant and North Africa lag significantly behind. Recent progress in many countries could be undone by spreading geopolitical conflicts, the recent drop in energy prices and terrorism. Generating the right conditions for the private sector to grow will be crucial for creating sufficient employment opportunities for the region’s youthful populations.
Average growth rates of the most and least competitive economies, by income groupAverage growth rate, 2007–14
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing Europe Latin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
0–10%
10–20%
20–30%
30–40%
40–50%
50–60%
60–70%
70–80%
80–90%
90–100% Mostcompetitive
Least
competitive
Not covered
Global Competitiveness Index Percentile Rank
Note: Unless mentioned otherwise, the ranks cited in the country and regional highlights are the Global Competitiveness Index overall rank among 140 economies.
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
MAURITANIA
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
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in
Portug
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epub
licLa
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Cyprus
Sloven
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Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
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key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
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Armen
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lic
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ait
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rdan
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ria
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ep.
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Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
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menChile
Panam
a
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osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
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y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
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go
Nicarag
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Hondu
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ay
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South
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Botswan
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Leso
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ascar
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ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
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ong S
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Latvia Malta
Sloven
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lic
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FYR
Hunga
ry
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tia
Albania
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Azerba
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Kazakh
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Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
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Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
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Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
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lia
Bhutan
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Myanmar
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United A
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Islamic R
ep.
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co
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Botswan
a
Namibia
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Zambia
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llesKen
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on
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eone
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ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
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liaNep
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Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
German
y
Netherla
ndsJap
an
Hong K
ong S
ARFin
land
Sweden
United K
ingdo
mNorw
ay
Denmark
Canad
a
Taiwan
, Chin
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Australi
aFra
nceAust
riaIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Icelan
d
Estonia
Czech R
epub
licSpa
in
Lithua
nia
Portug
al Italy
Latvia Malta
Sloven
iaCyp
rus
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Poland
Turkey
Roman
ia
Bulgaria
Maced
onia,
FYR
Hunga
ry
Monten
egroCroa
tia
Albania
Serbia
Bosnia
and H
erzeg
ovina
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
tan
Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
Mongo
lia
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Qatar
United A
rab Emirat
es
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
o
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Algeria
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Pakista
n
Maurita
nia Chile
Panam
a
Costa
RicaMexi
co
Colombia Peru
Urugua
yBraz
il
Ecuad
or
Guatem
ala
Jamaic
a
Hondu
ras
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
El Salv
ador
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
a
Nicarag
uaBoliv
ia
Paragu
ay
Guyana
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Côte d'
Ivoire
Zambia
Seyche
llesKen
yaGab
on
Ethiopia
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Leso
tho
Camero
on
Ugand
aGha
na
Tanzan
iaBen
in
Gambia
, The
Nigeria
Zimba
bwe
Mali
Swazilan
dLib
eria
Madag
ascar
Mozambiq
ueMala
wi
Burund
i
Sierra L
eone
ChadGuin
ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
German
y
Netherla
ndsJap
an
Hong K
ong S
ARFin
land
Sweden
United K
ingdo
mNorw
ay
Denmark
Canad
a
Taiwan
, Chin
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Australi
aFra
nceAust
riaIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Icelan
d
Estonia
Czech R
epub
licSpa
in
Lithua
nia
Portug
al Italy
Latvia Malta
Sloven
iaCyp
rus
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Poland
Turkey
Roman
ia
Bulgaria
Maced
onia,
FYR
Hunga
ry
Monten
egroCroa
tia
Albania
Serbia
Bosnia
and H
erzeg
ovina
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
tan
Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
Mongo
lia
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Qatar
United A
rab Emirat
es
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
o
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Algeria
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Pakista
n
Maurita
nia Chile
Panam
a
Costa
RicaMexi
co
Colombia Peru
Urugua
yBraz
il
Ecuad
or
Guatem
ala
Jamaic
a
Hondu
ras
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
El Salv
ador
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
a
Nicarag
uaBoliv
ia
Paragu
ay
Guyana
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Côte d'
Ivoire
Zambia
Seyche
llesKen
yaGab
on
Ethiopia
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Leso
tho
Camero
on
Ugand
aGha
na
Tanzan
iaBen
in
Gambia
, The
Nigeria
Zimba
bwe
Mali
Swazilan
dLib
eria
Madag
ascar
Mozambiq
ueMala
wi
Burund
i
Sierra L
eone
ChadGuin
ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
German
y
Netherla
ndsJap
an
Hong K
ong S
ARFin
land
Sweden
United K
ingdo
mNorw
ay
Denmark
Canad
a
Taiwan
, Chin
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Australi
aFra
nceAust
riaIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Icelan
d
Estonia
Czech R
epub
licSpa
in
Lithua
nia
Portug
al Italy
Latvia Malta
Sloven
iaCyp
rus
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Poland
Turkey
Roman
ia
Bulgaria
Maced
onia,
FYR
Hunga
ry
Monten
egroCroa
tia
Albania
Serbia
Bosnia
and H
erzeg
ovina
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
tan
Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
Mongo
lia
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Qatar
United A
rab Emirat
es
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
o
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Algeria
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Pakista
n
Maurita
nia Chile
Panam
a
Costa
RicaMexi
co
Colombia Peru
Urugua
yBraz
il
Ecuad
or
Guatem
ala
Jamaic
a
Hondu
ras
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
El Salv
ador
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
a
Nicarag
uaBoliv
ia
Paragu
ay
Guyana
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Côte d'
Ivoire
Zambia
Seyche
llesKen
yaGab
on
Ethiopia
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Leso
tho
Camero
on
Ugand
aGha
na
Tanzan
iaBen
in
Gambia
, The
Nigeria
Zimba
bwe
Mali
Swazilan
dLib
eria
Madag
ascar
Mozambiq
ueMala
wi
Burund
i
Sierra L
eone
ChadGuin
ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
German
y
Netherla
ndsJap
an
Hong K
ong S
ARFin
land
Sweden
United K
ingdo
mNorw
ay
Denmark
Canad
a
Taiwan
, Chin
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Australi
aFra
nceAust
riaIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Icelan
d
Estonia
Czech R
epub
licSpa
in
Lithua
nia
Portug
al Italy
Latvia Malta
Sloven
iaCyp
rus
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Poland
Turkey
Roman
ia
Bulgaria
Maced
onia,
FYR
Hunga
ry
Monten
egroCroa
tia
Albania
Serbia
Bosnia
and H
erzeg
ovina
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
tan
Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
Mongo
lia
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Qatar
United A
rab Emirat
es
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
o
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Algeria
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Pakista
n
Maurita
nia Chile
Panam
a
Costa
RicaMexi
co
Colombia Peru
Urugua
yBraz
il
Ecuad
or
Guatem
ala
Jamaic
a
Hondu
ras
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
El Salv
ador
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
a
Nicarag
uaBoliv
ia
Paragu
ay
Guyana
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Côte d'
Ivoire
Zambia
Seyche
llesKen
yaGab
on
Ethiopia
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Leso
tho
Camero
on
Ugand
aGha
na
Tanzan
iaBen
in
Gambia
, The
Nigeria
Zimba
bwe
Mali
Swazilan
dLib
eria
Madag
ascar
Mozambiq
ueMala
wi
Burund
i
Sierra L
eone
ChadGuin
ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
eaSwitzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
German
y
Netherla
ndsJap
an
Hong K
ong S
ARFin
land
Sweden
United K
ingdo
mNorw
ay
Denmark
Canad
a
Taiwan
, Chin
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Australi
aFra
nceAust
riaIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Icelan
d
Estonia
Czech R
epub
licSpa
in
Lithua
nia
Portug
al Italy
Latvia Malta
Sloven
iaCyp
rus
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Poland
Turkey
Roman
ia
Bulgaria
Maced
onia,
FYR
Hunga
ry
Monten
egroCroa
tia
Albania
Serbia
Bosnia
and H
erzeg
ovina
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Tajikis
tan
Armen
ia
Moldova
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
India
Vietnam
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
diaNep
al
Mongo
lia
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Qatar
United A
rab Emirat
es
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
o
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Algeria
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Pakista
n
Maurita
nia Chile
Panam
a
Costa
RicaMexi
co
Colombia Peru
Urugua
yBraz
il
Ecuad
or
Guatem
ala
Jamaic
a
Hondu
ras
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
El Salv
ador
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
a
Nicarag
uaBoliv
ia
Paragu
ay
Guyana
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Côte d'
Ivoire
Zambia
Seyche
llesKen
yaGab
on
Ethiopia
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Leso
tho
Camero
on
Ugand
aGha
na
Tanzan
iaBen
in
Gambia
, The
Nigeria
Zimba
bwe
Mali
Swazilan
dLib
eria
Madag
ascar
Mozambiq
ueMala
wi
Burund
i
Sierra L
eone
ChadGuin
ea
109 115
GCI
sco
re
Advanced Economies Sub-Saharan AfricaCommonwealth of Independent States Emerging and Developing AsiaEmerging and Developing
EuropeLatin America and the CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa,
and Pakistan
Regional Rankings
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
German
yJap
an
Hong K
ong S
AR
Netherla
nds
United K
ingdo
m
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Taiwan
, Chin
a
Canad
a
New Ze
aland
Belgium
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Australi
aFra
nceIre
land
Korea,
Rep.
Israel
Estonia
Icelan
d
Puerto
RicoSpa
in
Portug
al
Czech R
epub
licLa
tvia Malta Italy
Cyprus
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Repub
lic
Greece
Lithua
niaPola
ndTur
key
Bulgaria
Roman
ia
Hunga
ry
Maced
onia,
FYR
Monten
egroCroa
tiaSerb
ia
Albania
Malaysi
aChin
a
Thaila
nd
Indon
esia
Philipp
ines
Vietnam Ind
ia
Sri Lan
ka
Lao P
DR
Cambo
dia
Mongo
liaNep
al
Bhutan
Bangla
desh
Myanmar
Timor-
Leste
Azerba
ijan
Kazakh
stan
Russian
Fede
ration
Georgi
a
Ukraine
Moldova
Armen
ia
Tajikis
tan
Kyrgyz
Repub
lic
United A
rab Emirat
esQata
r
Saudi
ArabiaKuw
ait
Bahrain
OmanJo
rdan
Morocc
oAlge
ria
Iran,
Islamic R
ep.
Tunisia
Leba
non
Egypt
Libya
Pakista
n
Maurita
niaYe
menChile
Panam
a
Costa
Rica
Barbad
osBraz
il
Mexico Peru
Colombia
Guatem
ala
Urugua
y
El Salv
ador
Jamaic
a
Trinida
d and
Toba
go
Nicarag
ua
Hondu
ras
Dominic
an Rep
ublic
Argentin
aBoliv
ia
Surina
me
Guyana
Paragu
ay
Vene
zuela
Haiti
Mauritiu
s
South
Africa
Rwanda
Botswan
a
Namibia
Kenya
Seyche
lles
Zambia
Gabon
Leso
thoGha
na
Seneg
al
Cape V
erde
Côte d'
Ivoire
Camero
on
Ethiopia
Tanzan
ia
Ugand
a
Swazilan
d
Zimba
bwe
Gambia
, The
Nigeria Mali
Madag
ascar
Malawi
Mozambiq
ue
Burkina
Faso
Sierra L
eone
Burund
i
Angola
ChadGuin
ea
AVG.
AVG. AVG. AVG.AVG.AVG.
AVG.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 2729 30 31 33 36 38 44 48 59 65 67 81
40 42 4566
79 80 82 84108
1828
32 3747 55 56 68 83 90 100 105 107
131
4143 51 53 54 60 63 70 77 93 94 111
3550 52 57 61 69 73 75 76 78 86 88 89 95 98 106 108 117 118 121
132 134
14 17 25
34 3962 64 72 74 87 92 101
116126
138
46 49 5871 85 91 96 97 99 103 110 112 113 114 119 120 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 130 133 135 136 137 139 140
104
Switzerlan
d
Singap
ore
United S
tates
Finlan
d
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109 115
High income OECD (26)
Other high income (16)
Upper-middle income (24)
Lower-middle income (30)
Low income (21)
3 most competitive economies
3 least competitive economies
United States (1)Switzerland (2)Denmark (3)
Italy (46)Hungary (47)Greece (65)
Singapore (7)Korea, Rep. (11)Hong Kong SAR (12)
Cyprus (55)Malta (56)Trinidad & Tobago (84)
Malaysia (21)Chile (26)Lithuania (38)
Argentina (85)Serbia (91)Venezuela (98)
Thailand (28)China (34)India (48)
Paraguay (121)Lesotho (124)Guyana (126)
Vietnam (68)Pakistan (92)Nigeria (95)
Zimbabwe (129)Burundi (130)Chad (131)
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Reforms to improve productivity needed to break out of the “new normal”
Despite substantive efforts to re-ignite recovery, global economic growth remains low and unemployment persistently high. The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016 calls for productivity-enhancing reforms to break with this pattern.
Seven years after the beginning of the financial crisis in 2008, its consequences are still being felt around the world. The recovery has been less robust, more uncertain and taken longer than many expected, suggesting a “new normal” of subdued economic growth, lower productivity growth and high unemployment. Recent geopolitical shocks – from the crisis in Ukraine to conflicts in the Middle East, terrorism and the migrant crisis – have added to economic difficulties.
Addressing constraints to growth on the supply side could go a long way to restoring growth. Through a systematic assessment of the drivers of productivity, the Report identifies priority areas for structural reforms.
Competitiveness drives resilienceThe Report shows that competitiveness – understood as higher productivity – is a key driver of growth and resilience. The historic proportions of the economic crisis and the relative performance of economies since its onset in 2008 have shed light on how structural weaknesses can exacerbate the effects of, and hinder recovery from shocks. During the crisis, the more competitive economies systematically outperformed the least competitive in terms of economic growth: they either withstood the crisis better or recovered more quickly. This result holds true at every stage of development (see chart).
For example, Switzerland, ranked 1st in the Report, has since 2007 experienced only a mild recession in 2009 and its unemployment rate has remained around 3% throughout the crisis. Meanwhile, Greece, ranked 81st, has seen its economy shrink by 25% and the jobless rate remains above 20%.
Leveraging the human factorAt the heart of an economy’s competitiveness is its capacity to leverage talent. High unemployment figures weigh heavily on societies, risking not only prolonged lower demand but also the de-skilling of a significant segment of the labour force and growing discontent.
This holds even truer in the post-crisis years, which coincide with a fundamental shift away from the traditional manufacturing industry while the widespread use of ICT is generating entirely new industries and disrupting others. Talent-driven economies are best equipped to adapt to the changes brought about by this tech revolution and to reap their benefits.
A tool for policy-makersGrowth recovery in unchartered territory will require recognizing that we need a shared assessment and understanding of the future sources of competitiveness. By reducing complexity and providing a tool to identify strengths and weaknesses and track progress, the Report serves to inform and support policy-makers, businesses and civil society in their development of a shared, long-term vision.
Beyond the vision, enhancing competitiveness is a complex and often protracted process that demands difficult trade-offs, careful consideration for sequencing reforms and room for calibration in changing conditions. Steering the course towards enhanced competitiveness requires vigilance and commitment from all stakeholders and throughout the process, for which the Report serves as a guide and monitoring tool.