the globe and it's features
DESCRIPTION
FEATURES OF THE GLOBE, LATITUDES, LONGITUDES, CONTINENTS, OCEANS.TRANSCRIPT
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THE GLOBE AND IT’S FEATURES
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Evolution of the Globe
Based on recorded history, the most probable earliest globe was constructed by the Greek geographer Crates of Mallus.
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LINES ON THE GLOBE: LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
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• Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel lines and vertical lines to locate points on Earth.
• The Equator circles Earth halfway between the north and south poles separating Earth into two equal halves called the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude
Lines of latitude are lines running parallel to the equator.
• Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator.
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Latitude
Latitude is thus measured from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.
• Locations north of the equator are referred to by degrees north latitude (N).
• Locations south of the equator are referred to by degrees south latitude (S).
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Latitude
– Each degree of latitude is equivalent to about 111 km (°) on Earth’s surface. 1° = 70 miles
– To locate positions on Earth more precisely, cartographers break down degrees of latitude into 60 smaller units, called minutes (´). 1' = 1.2 miles
– A minute of latitude can be further divided into seconds (´´). 1" = .02 miles
– Longitude is also divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds.
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– Another special lines of Latitude are found at 66 ½ North and 66 ½ South of the Equator.
In the Northern Hemisphere, Latitude 66 ½ is called the Arctic Circles.
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– In the Southern Hemisphere, latitude 66 ½ is known as the Antarctic Circles
Between the two tropics and these lines of Latitude are the Middle Latitudes
Beyond Latitude 66 ½ North and South of the Equator are the High Latitudes.
The Parallels are specially noted to show separation between areas that get different amounts of sunlight.
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Longitude
To locate positions in east and west directions, cartographers use lines of longitude, also known as Meridians.
• Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian.
• The Prime Meridian, representing 0° longitude, is the reference point for longitude.
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Longitude
Points west of the prime meridian are numbered from 0° to 180° west longitude (W).
• Points east of the prime meridian are numbered from 0° to 180° east longitude (E).
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Longitude
Semicircles
– Lines of longitude are not parallel; they are large semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole.
– The distances covered by degrees of longitude vary with location.
– One degree of longitude varies from about 111 km at the equator to essentially the distance covered by a point at the poles.
Degrees of Longitude
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Longitude
Locating Places with Coordinates
– Both latitude and longitude are needed to precisely locate positions on Earth.
– For example, the location of New Orleans is 29°57´N, 90°04´W.
– Note that latitude comes first in reference to the coordinates of a particular location.
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TIME ZONES
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Time Zones
Calendar Dates
– Every time zone experiences this transition from one day to the next, with the calendar advancing to the next day at midnight.
– Each time you travel through a time zone, you gain or lose time, eventually gaining or losing an entire day.
– The International Date Line, or 180° meridian, serves as the transition line for calendar days.
– Traveling west across the International Date Line, you would advance your calendar one day.
– Traveling east, you would move your calendar back one day.
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Time Zones
Because Earth takes about 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, it is divided into 24 times zones, each representing a different hour.
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Time Zones
Each time zone is 15° wide, corresponding roughly to lines of longitude.
• Time zone boundaries have been adjusted in local areas for convenience.
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Time Zones
There are six different time zones in the United States.
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CONTINENTS AND OCEANS
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A Continent is a division of land on the earth. It can also include pieces of land such as islands. The Earth's total land mass is about 29.2% of its total surface. The seven continents are in the order of their size:
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• Continent – Largest land masses on the planet. BIGGER than countries, states, counties, cities,
and your back yard• Ocean – Largest body of water on the planet BIGGER than seas, lakes, ponds, and mud
puddles
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7 Continents:
1. Asia2. North America3. South America4. Australia5. Europe6. Africa7. Antarctica
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The LARGEST continent:
Asia - Home to 60% of the world’s population
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The smallest continent is:
Australia – home to seven of the ten deadliest snakes.
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North America – North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa,
and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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The continent with the most countries is:
Africa with 53 countries – home to man-eating lions, flesh-eating viruses,
and poop-eating bugs.
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The continent that is a giant desert is:
Antarctica – Population zero…and some penguins.
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Where in the world?
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The continent with the highest population density is:
Europe – home to the plague, the Spanish Inquisition, and two World
Wars. But the worst thing: Speedos.
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The continent with the largest rainforest and river system is:
South America – home to hundreds of unknown and isolated tribes.
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4 Oceans:4 Oceans:
1.Atlantic2.Pacific3.Arctic4.Indian
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71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ocean water.
The oceans contain 97% of the earth’s water.
All the oceans and seas are actually one continuous body of water.
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The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's
oceanic divisions.
The Atlantic which takes in one-quarter of the area of the sea.
ATLANTIC
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The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions,
with about one-eight of the total area of the sea.
INDIA
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Thank You!!
CREDITS TO:
Ronel RagmatBSE-SOCWEEK #3 TOPICS
SUBMITTED TO:Professor Adante