THE GRAND REVIEW

CITY-STATESPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF RENAISSANCE ITALY

PAPACYCONTROLLED CENTRAL ITALY

FERDINAND AND ISABELLANEW MONARCHS/RENAISSANCE RULERS IN SPAIN

LOUIS XI – THE SPIDER KING

THE NEW MONARCH IN FRANCE

THE REFORMATION

MARTIN LUTHERHE BEGAN THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

SALVATIONWHAT WAS THE ULTIMATE QUESTION OR CONCERN THAT MOTIVATED LUTHER

HENRY VII - TUDORNEW MONARCH IN ENGLAND

CHARLES VFAILED TO CREATE A NEW MONARCHY IN GERMANY/HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

NO ONE – DILLWEED!RULER OF UNIFIED ITALY DURING THE RENAISSANCE

JEWS AND MUSLIMSTHEY WERE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN

THE RECONQUISTATHE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS AND MUSLIMS FROM SPAIN – CREATING AN ALL CATHOLIC KINGDOM

SPANISH INQUISITIONTOOL USED TO ROOT OUT HERESY AMONG THE CONVERSOS IN SPAIN – PROVE WHETHER THEY WERE GOOD CATHOLICS

THE MEDICITHE RULING FAMILY OF FLORENCE

HABSBURG EMPIRECOMPOSED OF AUSTRIA, HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, SPAIN, SPAIN’S COLONIES, NETHERLANDS, SOUTHERN ITALY

TRUETRUE OR FALSE – THE POSITION OF HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR WAS ELECTED

THE VALOIS DYNASTYFRANCE CENTRALIZED UNDER WHAT POWERFUL DYNASTY?

ENGLANDWHO DOES FRANCE DEFEAT IN 1453 ENDING THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR?

THE TUDOR DYNASTYIN ENGLAND, WHAT DYNASTY ENDS DECADES OF CIVIL WAR?

WAR OF THE ROSESWHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE WAR, LASTING FROM 1455 TO 1485, BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER AND THE HOUSE OF YORK?

OTTOMAN TURKSTHE BYZANTINE EMPIRE : CONSTANTINOPLE, FALLS TO WHO IN 1453?

THE RENAISSANCE EXPLORATION OF THE SECULAR WORLD

THROUGH PAINTING, POETRY, SCULPTURE, AND PHILOSIPHY.

PATRONS WEALTHY NOBLES AND MERCHANTS THAT

SUPPORTED THE ARTS.

LEONARDO DA VINCI THE ULTIMATE “RENAISSANCE MAN”.

MANNERISM NEW EXPRESSIVE STYLE THAT REJECTS

SYMMETRY OF EARLY RENAISSANCE ART.

MACHIAVELLI THE AUTHOR OF THE PRINCE

UTOPIA THOMAS MORE’S BOOK.

ERASMUS THE MOST FAMOUS OF ALL THE

NORTHERN HUMANISTS

ERASMUS HE LAID THE EGG THAT LUTHER HATCHED

GUTTENBURG INVENTOR OF THE PRINTING PRESS.

PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH

EXPLORED THE COAST OF AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC IN THE LATE 1400’S AND 1500’S

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR LEADER OF PORTUGAL WHO OPENED A

SCHOOL OF NAVIGATION AND BEGAN THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

FRANCISCO PIZARRO CONQUERED INCA AND PERU IN 1531

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS VOYAGE AIMED TO FIND SPICES AND GOLD IN ASIA BY SAILING WEST

FERDINAND MAGELLAN CIRCUMNAVIGATED THE WORLD

ENCOMIENDASPANISH SYSTEM THAT JUSTIFIED THE ENSLAVEMENT AND FORCED LABOR OF THE INDIANS

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASASPROTESTED AGAINST SPANISH TREATMENT OF THE INDIANS

TREATY OF TORDESILLASDIVIDED THE GLOBE BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

HERNAN CORTESCONQUERED THE AZTECS

ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S DAY MASSAACRE

THOUSANDS OF HUGUENOTS WERE KILLED IN PARIS AND THROUGHTOUT FRANCE

HENRI OF NAVARREI WAS LEADER OF THE HUGUENOTS AND I BECAME KING HENRI IV

HENRY OF GUISEI WAS THE LEADER OF THE ULTRA CATHOLICS IN THE WAR OF THE THREE HENRYS

Bohemian phase1ST PHASE OF THE 30 YEARS WAR

PEACE OF WESTPHALIAWHAT ENDED THE 30 YEARS WAR

DEFENISTRATION OF THE PRAGUE

WHAT STARTED THE 30 YEARS WAR

FRANCEWHO COMES OUT VICTORIOUS FROM THE 30 YEARS WAR

KING HENRY IVWHO WAS THE KING THAT DECLARED THE EDICT OF NANTES

RELIGIOUS TOLERATION FOR THE HUGUENOTS

WHAT WAS THE EDICT OF NANTES

THE UNITED PROVINCESNORTHERN PROVINCES IN THE NETHERLANDS WERE CALLED

HOLY ROMAN EMPIREWHAT AREA WAS MOST EFFECTED BY THE 30 YEARS WAR

17TH CENTURYWHICH CENTURY WAS THE 30 YEARS WAR

JAMES I I WAS THE FIRST STUART MONARCH OF

ENGLAND

JUNGLE = CHICKENS CATCH JAGUARS

CHARLES I I WAS DEFEATED AND EXECUTED IN THE

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

JUNGLE = JAMES I CHICKENS = ? CATCH JAGUARS

CHARLES II I WAS THE STUART MONARCH BROUGHT

BACK AFTER THE DEATH OF CROMWELL ->THE RESTORATION

JUNGLE = JAMES I CHICKENS = CHARLES I CATCH = ? JAGUARS

JAMES II I WAS OVERTHROWN BY THE PARLIAMENT

IN THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

JUNGLE = JAMES I CHICKENS = CHARLES I CATCH = CHARLES II JAGUARS = ?

WILLIAM AND MARY WE WERE INVITED TO INVADE ENGLAND

AS PART OF THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION -> THE PROTESTANT DAUGHTER OF JAMES II AND HER DUTCH PROTESTANT HUSBAND

THEY SEPARATEDWHAT HAPPENED TO THE STATE AND CHURCHES IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY?

BRITAIN WHO AQUIRED INDIA IN THE LATE 18TH-

19TH CENTURIES?

SUEZ CANAL WHAT CONNECTED THE MEDITERRANEAN

SEA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN?

BRITAIN WHAT COUNTRY DEFEATED THE BOERS

AT THE BOERS WAR IN 1902?

BOXER REBELLION WHAT WAS THE CHINESE REVOLT

AGAINST EUROPEAN PRESENCE THAT LED TO THE SPHERES OF INFLUENCE?

ECONOMIC, NATIONALISTIC, RELIGIOUS, RACIAL

WHAT WERE THE 4 REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM?

BAROQUEWHAT STYLE OF ART WAS EMBRACED IN CATHOLIC COUNTRIES, AND EMPHASIZED RELIGION

ROCOCO STYLE OF ART FEATURING FLOWING

CURVES, BUT SMALLER SCALE AND LESS ORNATE THAN BAROQUE

SHAKESPEAREFAMOUS ENGLISH PLAYWRIGHT, AND AUTHOR OF HAMLET AND MACBETH

THOMAS HOBBESAUTHOR OF LEVIATHIAN, THEORY THAT ABSOLUTISM IS NECESSARY TO AVOID CONFLICT

JOHN LOCKE AUTHOR OF TWO TREATISIES OF GOV’T,

THEORY THAT HUMANITY IS PEACEFUL AND ONLY NEEDED MODERATE RULE

COPERNICUS WHO PUBLISHED AN ARGUMENT FOR A

HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE?

WILLIAM HARVEYWHO EXPLORED THE WORKING SOF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN THE HUMAN BODY?

INDUCTIVE REASONINGWHAT TYPE OF REASONING DID FRANCIS BACON USE?

DEDUCTIVE REASONING WHAT TYPE OF REASOINING DID RENE

DESCARTES USE?

DESCARTES WHO SAID “I THINK, THEREFORE I AM”?

ISAAC NEWTON WHO DISCOVERED GRAVITY?

JOHANNES KEPLER WHO DEVELOPED THE LAWS OF

PLANETARY MOTION?

GENEVAWHAT WAS THE CAPITAL OF CALVINISM?

PEACE OF AUGSBURG WHAT WAS THE AGREEMENT THAT

ALLOWED GERMAN PRINCES TO CHOOSE THE RELIGION OF THEIR STATE?

MARTIN LUTHER WHO WROTE THE NINETY-FIVE THESES?

EDICT OF WORMS WHAT DID CHARLES V SIGN THAT

CONDEMNED LUTHER’S IDEAS?

INDEX LIST OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS

THE GREAT SCHISM A PERIOD OF SEVERAL COMPETING

POPES

ULRICH ZWINGLI REFORMATION LEADER IN SWITZERLAND

JOHANN TETZEL WHO PROMOTED THE SELLING OF

INDULGENCES?

ESTATESWHAT WERE THE DIVISIONS OF SOCIAL CLASSES CALLED

CLERGYTHE FIRST ESTATE

NOBLES/ARISTOCRACYSECOND ESTATE

EVERBODY ELSETHIRD ESTATE

95 THESESLUTHER NAILED THESE TO THE DOOR OF THE CHURCH AT WITTENBERG

EDICT OF WORMSISSUED BY CHARLES V – IT DECLARED LUTHER TO BE AN OUTLAW

JUSTIFICATION BY FAITHLUTHER SAID THIS WAS THE ONLY TRUE PATH TO SALVATION

EXCOMMUNICATEDTHE POPE DID THIS TO LUTHER

DIET OF WORMSCHARLES V ORDERED LUTHER TO APPEAR HERE AND RECANT

PAY FOR THE BUILDING OF ST. PETERS

THE REASONS INDULGENCES WERE BEING SOLD

GENEVAIT WAS THE CAPITAL AND CENTER OF CALVINISM

ULRICH ZWINGLII BEGAN THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND

ANABAPTISTSBELIEVED THAT ONLY ADULT BAPTISM WAS LEGIT

JOHANN TETZEL“WHEN THE COIN IN COFFER RINGS, THEN THE SOUL FROM PURGATORY RINGS”

COUNCIL OF TRENTIT ORGANIZED THE CATHOLIC OR COUNTER REFORMATION

IGNATIUS LOYOLAFOUNDER OF THE JESUITS

SCHMALKALDIC WARSGERMAN RELIGIOUS CIVIL WAR BETWEEN PROTESTAND AND CATHOLIC PRINCE

PEACE OF AUGSBURGENDED THE SCHMALKALDIC WARS IN 1555

WHOSE REGION, HIS RELIGION

CUIUS REGIO, EIUS RELIGIO

INDEX OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS

LIST OF BANNED BOOKS CREATED DURING THE COUNTER REFORMATION

THE JESUITS1. EDUCATION2. MISSIONARY/CONVERSION WORK3. BATTLING PROTESTANTS

JOHN KNOXI BROUGHT CALVINISM/THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION TO SCOTLAND

LUTHERANSTHE FIRST PROTESTANT DENOMINATION – GERMAN PROTESTANTS

HENRY VIIII WANTED AN ANNULMENT FROM CATHERINE OF ARAGON

ANNE BOLEYNWHO DID HENRY VIII WANT TO MARRY

ACT OF SUPREMACYLAW PASSED BY PARLIAMENT MAKING THE MONARCH THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH

EARLY MODERN THOUGHT AND CULTURE

BAROQUEWHAT STYLE OF ART WAS EMBRACED IN CATHOLIC COUNTRIES AND EMPHASIZED THE BOLD AND DRAMATIC?

REMBRANDTFAMOUS SECULAR, NON-BAROQUE ARTIST, PAINTED TOWNSPEOPLE IN RICH COLOR, MOST FAMOUS DUTCH PAINTER

ROCOCOSTYLE OF ART FEATURING FLOWING CURVES BUT SMALLER SCALE, PLEASING AND WHIMSICAL

WILLIAM SHAKESPEAREFAMOUS ENGLISH PLAYWRIGHT, AUTHOR OF HAMLET AND MACBETH

THOMAS HOBBESAUTHOR OF LEVIATHAN, BELIEVED IN NEED FOR ALL-POWERFUL STATE

JOHN LOCKEAUTHOR OF TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT, ARGUED THAT THERE IS A SOCIAL CONTRACT BETWEEN RULER AND PEOPLE

JOHN LOCKE AND NATURAL RIGHTS

LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY

OLDER WOMENWITCH HUNTS GENERALLY TARGETED

PROTESTANTISMHUMANIST EDUCATION, FEWER RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS, MASS LITERACY, NO SAINTS, ABOLISHED MONASTERIES, NO PILGRIMAGES

ABSOLUTISM

ABSOLUTISMLOUIS XIV IS THE BEST EXAMPLE OF THIS TYPE OF GOVERNMENT

SUN KINGNICKNAME FOR LOUIS XIV

CARDINAL RICHELIEUCHIEF MINISTER TO LOUIS XIII, LAID FOUNDATIONS FOR ABSOLUTISM

CARDINAL MAZARINCHIEF MINISTER TO LOUIS XIV

EDICT OF FOUNTAINBLEUREVOKED/CANCELLED EDICT OF NANTES

BALANCE OF POWERIDEA THAT COUNTRIES WOULD FORM AN ALLIANCE TO PREVENT ONE COUNTRY FROM BECOMING TOO POWERFUL

VERSAILLESROYAL PALACE BUILT BY LOUIS XIV

THE FRONDETAX REVOLTS OF THE NOBLES AGAINST LOIUS XIV

MADAME DE POMPADOURINFLUENTIAL MISTRESS OF LOUIS XV

AUSTRIAN EMPIREMULTIETHNIC EMPIRE THAT GAINED HUNGARY FROM THE OTTOMANS

HOHENZOLLERNRULING FAMILY OF PRUSSIA

FREDERICK WILLIAM “THE GREAT ELECTOR”

COMBINED KINGDOMS OF BRANDENBURG AND PRUSSIA

JUNKERSPRUSSIAN LAND OWNING ARISTOCRATS

IVAN THE TERRIBLEFIRST RUSSIAN RULER TO CLAIM THE TITLE “CZAR”

THE TIME OF TROUBLESPERIOD FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE/FIGHTING AMONG ARISTOCRATIC FAMILIES

GLOBAL ECONOMY 1600-1800

SUGARWHAT WAS THE MOST PROFITABLE EARLY CROP EXPORTED FROM THE AMERICAS?

SMALLPOXWHAT DISEASE WIPED OUT THE NATIVE PEOPLES?

AFRICAN SLAVESWHO REPLACED INDIANS AS A SOURCE OF LABOR IN THE NEW WORLD?

PORTUGALWHO ESTABLISHED THE FIRST MARITIME EMPIRE BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA

DUTCH REPUBLICWHAT WAS THE TINY ECONOMIC SUPERPOWER OF THAT WAS BASED ON TRADE, BANKING, AND INSURANCE

MERCANTILISMFAVORED TARIFFS, EXPORTS GOOD, IMPORTS BAD, BULLIONISM, COLONIES GOOD, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SHOULD STREGTHEN THE STATE

JEAN-BAPTISTE COLBERTCONTROLLER GENERAL OF FINANCES FOR LOUIS XIV – PURSUED MERCANTILIST POLICIES

RISE IN PRICESWHAT WAS THE BIGGEST FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION?

AMSTERDAMWHERE WAS THE FIRST NATIONAL/STATE BANK ESTABLISHED?

THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR

WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND SWEDEN THAT ESTABLISHED RUSSIAN CONTROL OVER THE BALTIC?

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

THE 18TH CENTURYWHAT CENTURY WAS THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT?

DARE TO KNOWTHE MOTTO OR SLOGAN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT

PHILOSPHESENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

PARISGROUND ZERO OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT

MONTESQUIEUAUTHOR OF THE PERSIAN LETTERS – MOCKING AND CRITICIZING FRENCH SOCIETY

SPIRIT OF THE LAWSMONTESQUIEU’S BOOK ADVOCATING A SEPARATION OF POWERS – CHECKS AND BALANCES

VOLTAIREPHILOSOPHE WHO ADVOCATED RELIGIOUS TOLERATION AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

CESARE BECCARIAWROTE – ON CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUI WAS THE ANTI-ENLIGHTENMENT ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER -> I STRESSED FEELING AND IMULSE OVER RATIONAL THINKING

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFTWROTE – VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN

ADAM SMITHSCOTTISH PHILOSOPHER WHO FIRST ADVOCATED LAISSEZ-FAIRE

COMPETITIONADAM SMITH’S “INVISIBLE HAND”

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

RICHARD ARKWRIGHTINVENTED THE WATER FRAME

FRIEDRICH ENGELSCO-AUTHORED THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO ALONG WITH KARL MARX

THE COMBINATION ACTSLAW PASSED BY PARLIAMENT WHICH OUTLAWED TRADES UNIONS

JAMES HARGREAVES – THE SPINNING JENNY

I INVENTED A MACHINE TO SPEED THREAD MAKING AND I NAMED IT AFTER MY DAUGHTER

LAISSEZ-FAIREGOVERNMENT’S HANDS OFF THE ECONOMY

WHIGS AND TORIESWHAT WERE THE TWO POLITICAL FACTIONS IN THE PARLIAMENT IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY?

DOMESTIC SYSTEM/PUTTING OUT SYSTEM

ANOTHER NAME FOR THE COTTAGE INDUSTRY

THOMAS MALTHUSWROTE – ESSAY ON POPULATION

POPULATIONACCORDING TO MALTHUS WHAT ALWAYS GROWS FASTER THAN FOOD SUPPLY

DAVID RICARDO“IRON LAW OF WAGES”

BRITAINWHERE DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGIN?

COTTON INDUSTRYWHAT INDUSTRY WAS THE FIRST INDUSTRIALIZE?

BURSCHENSCHAFTENGERMAN STUDENT SOCIETIES – NATIONALISM AND GERMAN UNIFICATION

EDMUND BURKEI WROTE A BOOK CONDEMNING/CRITICIZING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION –REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE

DECEMBRISTS REVOLTFAILED UPRISING IN RUSSIA IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY

CARBONARIITALIAN NATIONALIST SECRET SOCIETIES – “CHARCOAL BURNERS”

KARLSBAD DECREESLAWS CRACKING DOWN ON LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM IN GERMANY, OUTLAWED THE BURSCHENSHCAFTEN, CLOSE CONTROL OVER UNIVERSITIES, AND CENSORSHIP

JEREMY BENTHAMMY PHILOSOPHY WAS CALLED “UTILITARIANISM” = THE GREATEST FOR THE GREAT NUMBER

CHARLES FOURIERFRENCH UTOPIAN SOCIALIST - PHALANSTERIES

KARL MARXI WROTE DAS KAPITAL

GOETHEI WROTE – THE SORROWS OF YOUNG WERTHER

THE CORN LAWSENGLISH LAWS PLACING TARIFFS ON IMPORTED GRAIN

THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

WRITTEN BY KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS

BOURGEOISIE AND PROLETARIAT

THE TWO SOCIAL CLASSES ACCORDING TO MARX

EDMUND BURKEAUTHOR OF – REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE

EDMUND BURKEI AM CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF MODERN POLITICAL CONSERVATISM – CHANGE SHOULD BE NATURAL, SLOW, AND ORGANIC

JOSEPH DE MAISTREI AM AN EXTREME CONSERVATIVE – A REACTIONARY WHO SAID NO CHANGE EVER, THE GOOD WAY IS THE OLD WAY

ROBERT OWENENGLISH INDUSTRIALIST WHO CREATED MODEL SOCIALIST COMMUNITIES AT NEW LANARK, SCOTLAND AND NEW HARMONY, INDIANA

ANARCHISMIDEA THAT GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SHOULD BE ABOLISHED

LA BELLE EPOQUELATE 19TH CENTURY EUROPE -> RISING PROSPERITY AND STANDARDS OF LIVING

I heart Obama

THE NEW PHYSICSTHE CURIES, PLANCK, EINSTEIN

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHEI HATED CHRISTIANITY, BOURGEOIS VALUES, ENLIGHTENMENT, CONFORMITY, AND CELEBRATED THE IRRATIONAL AND THE HEROIC

THE SUPERMAN/UBERMENSCH

NIETZSCHE’S IDEA OF THE MAN WHO TRANSCENDS CONVENTIONAL MORALITY AND ETHICS….WHATEVER, WHATEVER, I DO WHAT I WANT!!!!

SIGMUND FREUDI WAS THE AUTHOR OF – INTERPETATION OF DREAMS

ID FREUD’S PLEASURE PRINCIPLE -> THE “I

WANT” PART OF OUR PSYCHE

EGO THE RATIONAL PART OF OUR PSYCHE

ACCORDING TO FREUD -> “ I NEED TO…”

SUPEREGO THE MORAL PART OR CONSCIENCE OF

OUR PSYCHE ACCORDING TO FREUD -> “I SHOULD…”

SOCIAL DARWINISM THE FALSE IDEA THAT SOME GROUPS,

NATIONS, SOCIAL CLASSES ARE MORE SUCCESSFUL OR RICHER DUE TO NATURE

ZIONISMJEWISH NATIONALISM/IDEOLOGY OF A HOMELAND FOR THE JEWS IN ISRAEL

THEODOR HERZL I AM THE FATHER OF ZIONISM

THE REVOLUTION OF 1905 THIS HAPPENED BECAUSE OF THE LOSS

OF THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR AND THE MASSACRE OF UNARMED PROTESTERS ON “BLOODY SUNDAY” IN RUSSIA

THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN THE IDEA THAT IT IS THE WEST/EUROPE’S

RESPONSIBILITY AND OBLIGATION TO “CIVILIZE” BROWN AND BLACK CULTURES -> JUSTIFIED IMPERIALISM

THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, AND THE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN WW I

THE TRIPLE ENTENTE FRANCE, BRITAIN, AND RUSSIA IN WW I

THE BALKANS THIS AREA OF EUROPE WAS CALLED THE

POWDER KEG OF EUROPE

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND I WAS ASSASSINATED IN BOSNIA AND IT

LED TO WWI

GAVRIL PRINCIPI ASSASSINATED FRANZ FERDINAND IN SARAJEVO IN BOSNIA IN 1914

THE BLACK HAND THIS WAS THE BOSNIA SERB TERRORIST

GROUP THAT MURDERED FRANZ FERDINAND

THE BLANK CHECK THIS WAS GIVEN TO AUSTRIA BY

GERMANY -> DO WHAT YOU WANT AGAINST SERBIA

KAISER WILHELM II I WAS THE LEADER OF IMPERIAL

GERMANY IN WW I

THE SCHLIEFFEN Penis GERMAN PLAN TO DEAL WITH A TWO

FRONT WAR -> KNOCK OUT FRANCE FIRST THEN DEAL WITH RUSSIA

Trench Ballhair THE TYPE OF FIGHTING THAT TOOK

PLACE ON THE WESTERN FRONT IN WW I

Analization THESE PUSHED COUNTRIES TOWARDS

GETTING THEIR ARMIES MOVING AND ATTACKING FIRST IN WW I

BELGIUM THIS COUNTRY’S NEUTRALITY WAS

VIOLATED WHEN GERMANY INVADED IT AS PART OF THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

MEIN KAMPF WRITTEN BY HITLER WHILE IN JAIL

THE BIG FOUR TOP ALLIED LEADERS WHO MET AT PARIS

PEACE CONFERENCE

TREATY OF VERSAILLES THIS WAS THE TREATY WHICH WAS

NEGOTIATED AT THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE

STALIN’S PLAN OF ELIMINATING PRIVATE FARMS

KELLOG-BRIAND PACT AN AGREEMENT IN THE 1920’S TO MAKE

WAR ILLEGAL

THE DAWES PLAN AMERICAN PLAN IN THE 1920 TO

PROVIDE LOANS TO GERMANY TO DEAL THE REPARATIONS PROBLEMS

WEIMAR GERMANY WEAK REPUBLIC CREATED IN GERMANY

AFTER WORLD WAR I AND OVERTHROWN BY HITLER IN 1933

THE BEER HALL PUTSCH HILTER’S FAILED ATTEMPT TO SEIZE

POWER IN 1923

GERMANY’S INVASION OF POLAND

Caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany, igniting WWII

VLADIMIR LENIN I WAS THE LEADER OF THE

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 1917 REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA -> “RED OCTOBER”

THE BOLSHEVIKS THIS WAS THE RUSSIAN COMMUNIST

PARTY FOUNDED BY VLADIMIR LENIN

THE COLD WAR THIS WAS THE PERIOD OF BI-POLAR

CONFLICT BETWEEN EAST AND WEST AFTER WW II

USA/USSR THESE WERE THE TWO MAJOR OPPOSING

POWERS IN THE COLD WAR

EASTERN EUROPE THE ORIGINAL SOURCE OF CONFLICT

BETWEEN THE US AND THE SOVIETS INVOLVED FREE ELECTIONS OR NO FREE ELECTIONS IN THIS AREA OF EUROPE

YALTA CONFERENCE AT THIS MEETING OF THE BIG 3 IN WW II

EASTERN EUROPE AND FREE ELECTIONS BECAME A BIG ISSUE

TRUMAN DOCTRINE AMERICAN POLICY OF ASSISTING ANY

COUNTRY BEING THREATENED BY COMMUNISM DURING THE COLD WAR

TURKEY AND GREECE THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE WAS FIRST

APPLIED TO THESE TWO AREAS

THE BERLIN BLOCKADE THE SOVIETS WERE ANGERED BY THE

UNIFICATION OF THE 3 WESTERN ZONES AND THEY DID THIS IN RESPONSE

THE BERLIN AIRLIFT THIS WAS ORGANIZED BY THE

AMERICANS IN RESPONSE TO THE BERLIN BLOCKADE

THE MARSHALL PLAN AMERICAN PLAN TO PROVIDE

ASSISTANCE TO REBUILD EUROPE AFTER WW II

ISRAEL THIS COUNTRY WAS CREATED IN 1948

AFTER WW II AS A HOMELAND FOR THE JEWS

MAO ZEDONG I WAS THE FOUNDER AND LEADER OF

COMMUNIST/RED CHINA

KOREAN WAR THIS WAR BEGAN IN 1950 WHEN THE

COMMUNIST NORTH INVADED THE SOUTH

ARTICLE 231 – THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE

THIS WAS A PROVISION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES THAT PLACED ALL BLAME ON GERMANY

REPARATIONS UNDER THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

GERMANY WAS FORCED TO PAY THESE -> THE COST OF WAR DAMAGES

THE LUSITANIA THIS WAS SUNK BY THE GERMANS IN WW I AND ANGERED THE AMERICANS

WOODROW WILSON I WAS THE PRESIDENT OF THE USA

DURING WW I

REDS VS. WHITES THE TWO SIDES IN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL

WAR

LEON TROTSKY I WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE RED ARMY

WHICH HELPED TO WIN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR

WAR COMMUNISM THIS WAS LENIN’S POLICY OF TAKING

WHATEVER WAS NEEDED AND NATIONALIZING THE ECONOMY DURING THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR -> IT DESTROYED THE ECONOMY BUT HELPED THE BOLSHEVIKS WIN THE WAR

THE ROMANOVS THIS WAS THE RULING FAMILY OF RUSSIA

NICHOLAS II I WAS THE LAST ROMANOV CZAR OF

RUSSIA -> OVERTHROWN IN 1917

RASPUTIN THE MAD MONK WHO EXERCISED CREEPY

CONTROL OVER ALEXANDRA ->YOU ARE A BAD BOY!

APRIL THESES LENIN’S PROMISE OF “PEACE, LAND AND

BREAD”

THE TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK THIS TREATY NEGOTIATED BETWEEN

GERMANY AND THE BOLSHEVIKS PULLED RUSSIA OUT OF WW I

THE POPULAR FRONT AN ALLIANCE OF LEFT WING – RADICALS,

SOCIALISTS, AND COMMUNISTS FORMED TO COMBAT THE THREAT OF FRENCH FASCISM

LEON BLUM I WAS ELECTED LEADER OF THE FIRST

POPULAR FRONT GOVERNMENT IN FRANCE

ACTION FRANCAISE/CROIX DE FEU

THESE WERE THE TWO FRENCH FASCIST PARTIES IN THE 1930’S

STOCK MARKET CRASH THIS EVENT ON WALL STREET MARKED

THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN 1929

RAMSAY MACDONALD I WAS ELECTED AS THE FIRST LABOUR

PARTY PRIME MINISTER OF BRITAIN IN 1923

MUSSOLINII WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST PARTY

SQUADRISTI MUSSOLINI’S ARMED THUGS -> HIS

GOONS WERE CALLED

THE MARCH ON ROME MUSSOLINI CAME TO POWER BY

THREATENING TO DO THIS

TOTALITARIAN STALINIST RUSSIA AND NAZI GERMANY

WERE THESE TYPES OF REGIMES

THE ENABLING ACT THIS LEGALLY GAVE HITLER DICTATORIAL

POWER IN GERMANY

APPEASEMENTTHIS WAS THE INTERWAR POLICY OF GIVING HITLER WHAT HE WANTED IN ORDER TO AVOID WAR

ANSCHLUSS THIS WAS THE NAZI TAKE OVER OF

AUSTRIA

THE LATERAN ACCORDS THIS WAS A DEAL/AGREEMENT BETWEEN

MUSSOLINI AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

NAZI THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN

WORKERS PARTY – HITLER’S POLITICAL PARTY

NUREMBERG RALLIES THE ANNUAL NAZI PARTY RALLIES

HITLER JUGEND THE NAZI YOUTH ORGANIZATION

GENERAL SECRETARY THE TITLE OF THE LEADER OF THE

SOVIET UNION -> FIRST HELD BY STALIN

STALIN v. TROTSKY THESE WERE THE TWO RIVALS FOR

LEADERSHIP OF THE SOVIET UNION AFTER THE DEATH OF LENIN

FRANCISCO FRANCO I REBELLED AGAINST THE SPANISH

REPUBLIC IN 1936 AND WON THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

GUERNICA THIS WAS THE SPANISH CITY – FIRST

EVER BOMBED BY AIR – THAT WAS MEMORIALIZED IN A FAMOUS ANTI-WAR PAINTING

PICASSO I AM A SPANISH PAINTER WHO

DEVELOPED A RADICAL NEW STYLE OF ART CALLED CUBISM

THE RHINELAND HITLER REOCCUPIED THIS GERMAN

REGION IN 1936 IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

SUDETENLAND AREA OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA THAT HAD

MAJORITY GERMAN POPULATION -> HITLER DEMANDED IT OR THREATENED WAR

MUNICH CONFERENCE THIS CONFERENCE MET TO DEAL WITH

THE CZECH CRISIS -> HITLER GOT WHAT HE WANTED

NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN I WAS PRIME MINISTER OF BRITAIN IN THE

1930’s AND PURSUED A POLICY OF APPEASEMENT

BLITZKRIEG NAZI LIGHTNING WAR

MAGINOT LINE FIXED FRENCH FORTIFICATIONS ALONG

THE BORDER WITH GERMANY -> FAILED!

LUFTWAFFE THE NAZI AIRFORCE

RAF THE BRITISH AIRFORCE

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN HITLER’S ATTEMPT TO DEFEAT BRITAIN BY

AERIAL BOMBING

AXIS POWERS GERMANY ITALY JAPAN

KRISTALLNACHT NAZI ATTACKS ON JEWISH BUSINESS AND

SYNAGOGUES -> THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS

WINSTON CHURCHILL PRIME MINISTER OF BRITAIN IN WW II ->

OPPOSED APPEASEMENT IN THE 1930’s

WANSEE CONFERENCE NAZI MEETING AT WHICH THEY DECIDED

ON THE FINAL SOLUTION

LEBENSRAUM HITLER’S BELIEF THAT EASTERN EUROPE

WAS GERMANY’S NATURAL AREA OF EXPANSION -> LIVING SPACE

CONTAINMENT AMERICAN POLICY OF RESISTING THE

EXPANSION OF COMMUNISM

NATO MILITARY ALLIANCE BETWEEN THE USA

AND WEST EUROPEAN ALLIES

WARSAW PACT MILITARY ALLIANCE BETWEEN SOVIET

UNION AND ITS EASTERN EUROPEAN ALLIRS

NIKITA KRUSHCHEV I TOOK OVER AS GENERAL SECRETARY OF

THE PARTY AND LEADER OF THE SOVIET UNION FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF STALING

SPUTNIKFIRST SATELLITE LUANCHED IN ORBIT BY THE SOVIETS

BERLIN WALL DIVIDED THE GERMAN CAPITAL BETWEEN

AN EASTERN COMMUNIST HALF AND A NON-COMMUNIST HALF

BAY OF PIGS AMERICAN ORGANIZED INVASION OF

CUBA USING CUBAN EXILES -> TOTAL FAILURE

DOMINO THEORY AMERICAN BELIEF THAT IF ONE COUNTRY

FALLS TO COMMUNISM THEN ITS NEIGHBORS WILL ALL FALL TO COMMUNISM

DETENTE AMERICAN POLICY UNDER PRESIDENT

NIXON THAT SOUGHT TO REDUCE TENSIONS WITH THE SOVIETS

VIETNAM WAR

HO CHI MINH

SIMONE DE BOUVOIR FRENCH POST WW II FEMINIST -> I

WROTE THE SECOND SEX

HUNGARIAN UPRISING 1956

PRAGUE SPRING 1968

CHARLES DE GAULLE

KONRAD ADENAUER I WAS THE FIRST ELECTED LEADER OF

WEST GERMANY

CLEMENT ATLEE LABOR PARTY LEADER WHO DEFEATED

CHURCHIL IN THE 1945 ELECTION -> FATHER OF THE WELFARE STATE IN BRITAIN

THE WELFARE STATE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CREATED

GOVERNMENT CRADLE TO GRAVE PROGRAMS OF ASSISTANCE AFTER WW II

MAHATMA GANDHI I WAS THE INDIAN NATIONALIST LEADER

WHO LED THE MOVEMENT TO END BRITISH COLONIAL CONTROL OF INDIA

NON-VIOLENCE

THE COMMON MARKET THIS WAS CREATED BY THE TREATY OF

ROME -> MADE MOVES TO CREATE ECONOMIC COOPERATION

THE TREATY OF ROME THIS TREATY CREATED THE EUROPEAN

ECONOMIC COMMUNITY = THE COMMON MARKET -> MOVED TO CREATED ECONOMIC INTEGRATION/UNIFICATION OF EUROPE

EXISTENTIALISM POST WW II PHILOSOPHY THAT SAID THAT

THE ONLY THING THAT IS REAL IS THAT WE EXIST AND MAKE OUR OWN MEANING IN LIFE

JEAN PAUL SARTRE FRENCH PHILOPSHER AND FATHER OF

“EXISTENTIALISM”

ALBERT CAMUS FRENCH EXISTENTIALIST PHILOSOPHER

AND WRITER -> AUTHOR OF THE STRANGER

LEONID BREZHNEV I WAS THE LEADER OF THE SOVIET UNION

FROM 1964-1982 -> A LONG PERIOD OF STABILITY AND STAGNATION

GORBACHEV I WAS THE LAST LEADER OF THE SOVIET

UNION

LECH WALESA I WAS A POLISH ELECTRICIAN WHO

WORKED AT THE SHIPYARD IN GDANSK -> I WAS ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF SOLIDARITY

SOLIDARITY FIRST INDEPENDENT NON-COMMUNIST

TRADE UNION IN POLAND IN THE 1980’S -> POLISH COMMUNIST ATTEMPTED TO CRUSH IT

PERESTROIKA GORBACHEV’S REFORM PROGRAM OF

“RESTRUCTURING” -> EFFORTS TO REVIVE THE SOVIET ECONOMY

GLASNOST GORBACHEV’S POLICY OF “OPENESS” ->

ALLOW MORE FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION

AFGHANISTAN THIS NON-EUROPEAN COUNTRY WAS

INVADED BY THE SOVIET UNION AND MARKED AN END TO DETENTE

CAUSES OF THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM

ECONOMIC CRISIS MILITARY COMPETITION WITH THE USA NATIONALISM DEMANDS FOR DEMOCRACY

GERMAN REUNIFICATION THIS COUNTRY WHICH HAD BEEN

DIVIDED DURING THE COLD WAR WAS REUNIFIED IN 1990

CZECHOSLOVAKIA THE VELVET REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE

HERE

VACLAV HAVEL I LED THE VELEVET REVOLUTION IN

CZECHOSLOVAKIA I WAS A DISSIDENT I WAS A PLAYWRIGHT I WAS THE FIRST ELECTED PRESIDENT OF

CZECHOSLOVKIA