The Great Rivalry

The Parliamentary World

• Prestigious

• Important

• Fun

Shared Liberal Principles

• Political liberty

• Economic liberty

• National liberty

Shared Conservative Principles

• Liberals: reform should be slow

• Conservatives: accept change that’s occurred

Liberal Party Factions

• Whigs

• Radicals

• Peelites

Conservative Party Factions

• Anglican Church supporters

• Traditional Tory squires

• Former Liberal industrialists

Disraeli

• Born a Jew

• Serious wit

• Novelist

Dizzy as PM in 1874

• Pure Food and Drug Act

• Slum Clearance Act

• Consolidated Factory and Health Acts

• “Tory Democracy”

Gladstone

• Scottish father

• Began as Tory

• Deeply religious

• Extraordinary physical energy

• Very long career

Gladstone’s Liberal Development

• Tariff reformer

• Interest in national European liberty

• Streamlines budget

• Gradual belief in democracy

Midlothian Campaign