the green ferry: low emissions, low wake & operational efficiency matt mullett chief executive...
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The Green Ferry:Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency
Matt MullettChief Executive Officer
ALL AMERICAN MARINE
Low Emissions
• The “Right” thing to do
Low Emissions
• The “Right” thing to do
Low Emissions
• Legislative mandates– EPA Tier III – Marine Engines 2013-14– EPA Tier IV – Marine Engines 2017
• Challenge– Available technology– Economic viability
Low Emissions• Biodiesel
– Pros• More Biodegradable• Less toxic• Renewable Resource
– Cons• Availability and Cost• Engine OEM’s reluctant to accept blends greater than B20
or B30– Meet ASTM Manufacturing Specifications– Cleans out the system, clogs filters
• Overall Impact from Corn to Combustion = more emissions
Low Emissions• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Low Emissions
• SCR Systems– Pros
• Removing harmful emissions: NOx & SOx• By-products – water and ammonia
– Cons• Marinization of industrial and highway
technology• Build boat around system• Weight• Burn more fuel• Better off building lighter, smaller engines,
burning less fuel emitting fewer emissions
Low Emissions
• After-Treatment Filters Catalyzed Particulate Filter for Diesel Engines
– Pros• 99% of Carbon monoxide• 99% of Hydrocarbons• 85% Particulate Material • Provides additional sound attenuation
– Cons• No provisions for NOx and SOx treatment• Back pressure
Low Wake
• Vessel wake – An issue here to stay
Low WakeRich Passage Wake Wash Study
CFD Modeling & TestingCFD Modeling & Testing
VIRTUAL TANK TEST• Teknicraft Design, Ltd.
• University of Iowa’s IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Research Center– Iowa’s Institute of Hydraulic Research (IIHR)
• CFDSHIP-IOWA
• INSEAN Naval Architects (Rome, Italy)– Potential Flow Code
• Refine design features for low wash and energy
Virtual Test TankVirtual Test Tank
• Wake Wash Elevations
Reliability of the ModelReliability of the Model
Refining the Revision
Vessel Optimization StudyVessel Optimization Study
• 3 Different hull shapes
• 3 Different hydrofoil profiles
• 9 New vessels
Vessel Optimization Study
- 83’ LOA - Quad Jet Boat
- 118 passengers - 37 knot cruise speed
Operational Efficiencies
• Economic necessity– Minimize hull resistance– Maximize fuel efficiency– Evaluate propulsion systems
Weight WatchersWeight Watchers
• Put your boat on a diet
• Weight Inventory– Weigh on & off
• Check for Fouling
Operational Efficiencies
• Bottom Paint– Intersleek 900
• Up to 9% fuel and emissions savings compared to biocide antifoulant coatings with self polishing copolymers
• Necessary Expense
Consumption Comparison• 80’ Monohull (150 pax)
– 450 gallons/day
• 72’ Catamaran (150 pax)– 400 gallons/day
• 83’ Teknicraft (150 pax)– 330 gallons/day– same engine model
Effective at 17 knots
• Displaces 1/3rd of the vessel’s weight
• Uses 1/3rd less horsepower
• Burns 1/3rd less fuel
WAVE PIERCER
SYMMETRICAL BOW
ASSYMETRICAL TUNNEL
HYDROFOIL SYSTEM
VESSEL 83' Teknicraft Catamaran 90' Composite Monohull
PASSENGERS 150 150
ENGINE RPM 1800 1800
ENGINE POWER 49.5% 80%
SPEED 22 knots 22 knots
FUEL CONSUMPTION 75.1 gallons/hour 150 gallons/hour
HOURS AT 22 KNOTS 1600 hours/year 1600 hours/year
FUEL COST $3/gallon $3/gallon
ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION 120,160 gallons 240,000 gallons
ANNUAL FUEL COST $360,480 $720,000
ANNUAL FUEL SAVINGS $359,520 $0
MONTHLY FUEL SAVINGS $29,960 $0
CheaperCheaper
Flat Fuel Consumption
Design CharacteristicsDesign Characteristics
• Lightweight aluminum construction– 5383 Marine Grade Alloy
Operational Efficiencies
• Fuel Management Systems– Fuel Flow Meters
• Most efficient operating rpm levels
Operational Efficiencies
• Fuel Treatment Systems– Enhance Combustion– Economize fuel potential
Operational Efficiencies
• Diesel Electric
Operational Efficiencies
• Diesel Electric– Pros
• Consistent Load, predictable fuel consumption
– Cons• Size and Weight• Availability of Motors• Speed• Loss of efficiency during power
conversion
Operational Efficiencies
• Hybrid Transmissions– Gear box with an electric motor input– Eliminate the propulsion prime mover
• Issues– Suitable electric motors– Power generation for motors
• Genset• Batteries
Operational Efficiencies
• Solar– Expensive– Real Estate– Weight– Speed: 7 knots
Operational Efficiencies
• Wind– Not suitable for most ferry applications– Efficiency
The Green Ferry:Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency
• Existing & emerging technologies– Beware of “Smoke & mirrors”
• Economic realities– Do your homework
Thank You