THE GROWTH THE GROWTH OF THE OF THE

THIRTEEN COLONIESTHIRTEEN COLONIES

1607-17601607-1760

Motivations for ColonizationMotivations for Colonization

JamestownJamestown– Economic prosperityEconomic prosperity– Single men hoped to make fortunes in Single men hoped to make fortunes in

Virginia and return to EnglandVirginia and return to England– Previous explorers brought home tales of Previous explorers brought home tales of

vast amounts of gold and other valuable vast amounts of gold and other valuable resourcesresources

– English patriotismEnglish patriotism– Adventurers wanted to stake English Adventurers wanted to stake English

claim to prevent Spanish from taking over claim to prevent Spanish from taking over all of North Americaall of North America

Motivations for ColonizationMotivations for Colonization

PlymouthPlymouth– Religious freedomReligious freedom– Puritans (Separatists) persecuted for Puritans (Separatists) persecuted for

rebelling against Church of Englandrebelling against Church of England– Felt church had not completed the work Felt church had not completed the work

of the Reformation – was too close to of the Reformation – was too close to Roman CatholosismRoman Catholosism

Founding of ColonyFounding of Colony

Jamestown 1607Jamestown 1607– Funded by London Company, a private Funded by London Company, a private

enterpriseenterprise– Granted charter by King James, but no Granted charter by King James, but no

fundingfunding– Company recruited people by promising Company recruited people by promising

that gold could be found by anyone who that gold could be found by anyone who made the tripmade the trip

– King predetermined government of King predetermined government of colonycolony

Founding of ColonyFounding of Colony

Plymouth 1620Plymouth 1620– Received funding from London CompanyReceived funding from London Company– Treasurer of London C. was friends with one of Treasurer of London C. was friends with one of

the settlersthe settlers– Separatists granted land in Virginia, but chose Separatists granted land in Virginia, but chose

instead to settle in Plymouth – Some say this instead to settle in Plymouth – Some say this was a navigation mistake, however most was a navigation mistake, however most historians feel this was on purposehistorians feel this was on purpose

– Signed Mayflower Compact to appease non-Signed Mayflower Compact to appease non-Separatists on board who were rumored to be Separatists on board who were rumored to be uneasy about settling somewhere other than uneasy about settling somewhere other than specified land grantspecified land grant

Initial DifficultiesInitial Difficulties

JamestownJamestown– Laziness of colonistsLaziness of colonists– Did not expect to do manual laborDid not expect to do manual labor– Depended on natives for foodDepended on natives for food– Disease and starvation killed 80% of the Disease and starvation killed 80% of the

colonists in the first yearcolonists in the first year– Failed attempts to befriend Indians let to Failed attempts to befriend Indians let to

multiple skirmishesmultiple skirmishes

Initial DifficultiesInitial Difficulties

PlymouthPlymouth– Mayflower landed on December 21, Mayflower landed on December 21,

many Pilgrims (name given to them many Pilgrims (name given to them MUCH later) died in harsh first winterMUCH later) died in harsh first winter

– Attempts at agriculture initially failedAttempts at agriculture initially failed

Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to SuccessSuccess

JamestownJamestown– Captain John Smith took control of Captain John Smith took control of

government government – instituted "no work, no eat" policy instituted "no work, no eat" policy – firm leadership helped colony survive firm leadership helped colony survive

first few difficult years first few difficult years – ability to grow tobacco made land ability to grow tobacco made land

valuable valuable – population grew as a result population grew as a result

Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to SuccessSuccess

PlymouthPlymouth– Strength of Mayflower Compact – this is Strength of Mayflower Compact – this is

more of a myth. The REAL fruit of their more of a myth. The REAL fruit of their success was the fact that most of the success was the fact that most of the natives had died from disease from natives had died from disease from early contact and colonists moved into early contact and colonists moved into already cleared land!already cleared land!

– able leaders like William Bradford and able leaders like William Bradford and Miles Standish Miles Standish

– English-speaking Squanto, a survivor English-speaking Squanto, a survivor from previous explorations, taught from previous explorations, taught Pilgrims to grow corn Pilgrims to grow corn

Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to SuccessSuccess

PlymouthPlymouth– this cooperation led to the first Thanksgiving this cooperation led to the first Thanksgiving

symbolized friendly relations between Pilgrims symbolized friendly relations between Pilgrims and Indians – Another myth. “Thanksgiving” is and Indians – Another myth. “Thanksgiving” is basically fall harvest festival and the natives basically fall harvest festival and the natives had a tradition of this. The “pilgrims” were had a tradition of this. The “pilgrims” were invited to eat with the Indians, not the other invited to eat with the Indians, not the other way around. Ask me where our Thanksgiving way around. Ask me where our Thanksgiving holiday actually derived from. holiday actually derived from. Extra credit if Extra credit if you already know!you already know!

– How many of you participated in a How many of you participated in a Thanksgiving play in elementary school? None Thanksgiving play in elementary school? None of that actually happened!! Do you feel lied to? of that actually happened!! Do you feel lied to?

THE AMERICAN COLONIESTHE AMERICAN COLONIESRegionRegion GeographyGeography Government & Government &

EconomyEconomyReligion & SocietyReligion & Society

NEW NEW ENGLAND ENGLAND COLONIESCOLONIES

Coastal areas with good Coastal areas with good harbors.harbors.

Inland areas with dense Inland areas with dense forests.forests.

Poor rocky soil & short Poor rocky soil & short growing season.growing season.

Small farms. Lumber Small farms. Lumber mills.mills.

Fishing, Shipbuilding Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished.and Trade flourished.

Cities developed along Cities developed along coast.coast.

Most people organized Most people organized as congregations. as congregations. (Puritans)(Puritans)

Lived on farms, Lived on farms, Merchants controlled Merchants controlled trade.trade.

Artisans made goods, Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and unskilled workers and slaves provided labor.slaves provided labor.

MIDDLE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

Fertile soil and long Fertile soil and long growing season.growing season.

Rivers ran into Rivers ran into backcountry.backcountry.

Colonies grew large Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop.wheat as cash crop.

Cities on coast.Cities on coast.

Wealthiest people Wealthiest people owned large farms & owned large farms & most business.most business.

Most farmers produced Most farmers produced a small surplus.a small surplus.

Tenants farmers rented Tenants farmers rented land or worked for land or worked for wages.wages.

Religious diversity: Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Catholic, Quaker, ProtestantProtestant

SOUTHERN SOUTHERN COLONIESCOLONIES

Favorable climate and Favorable climate and soil for agriculture.soil for agriculture.

Wide rivers made cities Wide rivers made cities unnecessary.unnecessary.

Tobacco, rice & indigo Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large grown on large plantations as cash plantations as cash crops.crops.

Wealthy elite controlled Wealthy elite controlled most land.most land.

Labor supply: Labor supply: indentured servants & indentured servants & African slaves.African slaves.

Religion: AnglicanReligion: Anglican

Colonies Grow and Develop Colonies Grow and Develop DifferentlyDifferently

There are 13 colonies.There are 13 colonies. They are along the Atlantic coast.They are along the Atlantic coast. They were divided into three groups They were divided into three groups

New EnglandNew England Middle Middle SouthernSouthern

The ways of life were different.The ways of life were different.

Ways of LifeWays of Life

Climate differedClimate differed Government & EconomyGovernment & Economy Religion & SocietyReligion & Society

The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

The Puritans and the Pilgrims united and The Puritans and the Pilgrims united and formed the colony of Massachusettsformed the colony of Massachusetts

The colony of Connecticut was founded by The colony of Connecticut was founded by Thomas HookerThomas Hooker

Tomas Hooker was a Puritan minister. He Tomas Hooker was a Puritan minister. He believed that the leaders where becoming believed that the leaders where becoming to powerful in Massachusetts.to powerful in Massachusetts.

Rhode Island was found by Roger WilliamsRhode Island was found by Roger Williams

Life in Colonial EnglandLife in Colonial England

Most New Englanders were:Most New Englanders were: FarmersFarmers TradeTrade Sailing and by the seaSailing and by the sea

They used ships called schooners were They used ships called schooners were used to catch codused to catch cod

They also were known for whalingThey also were known for whaling They used the whales for oilThey used the whales for oil Boston was the largest city in the New Boston was the largest city in the New

England colonies.England colonies.

Life in Colonial New EnglandLife in Colonial New England

Schooling was very important to New Schooling was very important to New Englanders.Englanders.

They believed that children should be They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the able to read so they can read the Bible.Bible.

Massachusetts past a law about public Massachusetts past a law about public education in 1647.education in 1647.

The law said every town with 50 The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school.families or more must have a school.

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had

settlers from all different countries:settlers from all different countries: EuropeEurope GermanyGermany Holland Holland SwedenSweden

Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River.Hudson River.

The Dutch built a settlement called New The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam.Amsterdam.

New Amsterdam then became New York when it New Amsterdam then became New York when it was attacked by the English.was attacked by the English.

The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and called it New Jersey.and called it New Jersey.

The Middle Colony Of The Middle Colony Of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

William Penn a Quaker discovered William Penn a Quaker discovered Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

The Quakers had limited rights.The Quakers had limited rights. They did not belong to the Church of They did not belong to the Church of

England.England. They were peace loving people.They were peace loving people. They believed in NO WAR.They believed in NO WAR. Penn was given land by King Charles II and Penn was given land by King Charles II and

Penn said this land would be used as a Penn said this land would be used as a “FREE COLONY”.“FREE COLONY”.

The Middle Colony Of The Middle Colony Of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Founded in 1682 by PennFounded in 1682 by Penn Became a special place of freedomBecame a special place of freedom People earned a trial by juryPeople earned a trial by jury All people had the same rights in All people had the same rights in

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Life in the Middle ColoniesLife in the Middle Colonies

People lived on large farms far apart People lived on large farms far apart from each other.from each other.

Families home schooled their children.Families home schooled their children. The farms produced grains such as The farms produced grains such as

corn and wheat.corn and wheat. They were known as the “Breadbasket They were known as the “Breadbasket

of America”.of America”. Beaver fur was common for trade. Beaver fur was common for trade.

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies Lord Baltimore founded the colony of Maryland.Lord Baltimore founded the colony of Maryland. Maryland was the first colony to pass a law Maryland was the first colony to pass a law

granting religious freedom.granting religious freedom. It was called the Act of TolerationIt was called the Act of Toleration Georgia was not a colony of religious freedom.Georgia was not a colony of religious freedom. Georgia was used as a refuge for prisoners.Georgia was used as a refuge for prisoners. The prisoners were poor people who could not The prisoners were poor people who could not

afford to pay their debt.afford to pay their debt. Georgia then became a colony where people Georgia then became a colony where people

could work of their debt and gain a new start.could work of their debt and gain a new start.

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies

The Carolinas were discovered and The Carolinas were discovered and divided in the North and South divided in the North and South because of large settlement because of large settlement populations.populations.

They came for religious freedomThey came for religious freedom They came for a chance to prosper.They came for a chance to prosper.

Farms and Plantations in the Farms and Plantations in the Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

The farms produced large plantations The farms produced large plantations of rice, indigo and tobacco.of rice, indigo and tobacco.

The big plantations were started The big plantations were started along rivers on the coast.along rivers on the coast.