the heart
DESCRIPTION
THE HEART. Heart Diagram Label. FUNCTION. TO PRESSURIZE THE BLOOD AND CAUSE IT TO FLOW THROUGH THE VESSELS. LAYERS OF THE HEART. PERICARDIUM - A DOUBLE LAYERED SAC THAT COVERS THE HEART. INSIDE THE SAC IS SEROUS FLUID WHICH PREVENTS FRICTION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LAYERS OF THE HEART
PERICARDIUM- A DOUBLE LAYERED SAC THAT COVERS THE HEART.
INSIDE THE SAC IS SEROUS FLUID WHICH PREVENTS FRICTION.
• MYOCARDIUM- THE HEART MUSCLE ITSELF. (THE THICKEST LAYER).
• ENDOCARDIUM- LINES THE HEART.
WHAT IS PERICARDITIS?
• AN INFLAMMATION OF THE PERICARDIUM
• USUALLY INFLAMMATORY OR VIRAL
• NOT USUALLY BACTERIAL
• DECREASED PRODUCTION OF SEROUS FLUID
• CAUSES A RUSTLING SOUND, A FRICTION RUB
WHAT IS ENDOCARDITIS?
• INFLAMMATION OF THE ENDOCARDIUM
• USUALLY THE ENDOCARDIUM COVERING THE HEART VALVES
• A BACTERIAL INFECTION
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
4 CHAMBERS:
• 2 SUPERIOR, THIN-WALLED ATRIA
• 2 INFERIOR, THICK-WALLED VENTRICLES
HEART VALVES
PREVENT THE BACKFLOW OF BLOOD (Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, bicuspid
valve, Aortic valve)
animation of heart valves
find the heart with a virtual stethescope
http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/steth.htm
VALVE PROBLEMS
1. INCOMPETENT VALVETHE VALVE OPENS BUT DOES NOT CLOSE
COMPLETELY. BACKWARD LEAKAGE OCCURS.
THE HEART WORKS HARDER & THIS CAN LEAD TO HEART FAILURE.
2. VALVULAR STENOSIS
• A STIFF VALVE
• DOES NOT OPEN ALL THE WAY
• MOST OFTEN DUE TO A SERIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION
• BACTERIA CAUSE FORMATION OF SCAR TISSUE ON THE VALVE.
PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY(valves not included)
SUPERIOR & INFERIOR VENA CAVA & CORONARY VEINS
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Please follow the path of circulation through the heart in the link below.
http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/pumping.htm
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE MYOCARDIUM
THE HEART IS NOT NOURISHED BY THE BLOOD THAT PASSES THROUGH IT.
CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY O2 RICH BLOOD
B. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
• A HEART ATTACK• PART OF THE MYOCARDIUM DIES
• DUE TO PROLONGED LACK OF BLOOD & O2• SCAR TISSUE FORMS
• SCAR TISSUE CANNOT CONTRACT • HEART BECOMES STIFF
• WORST MI?• THE LEFT VENTRICLE
FACTS1 MILLION DIE FROM HEART DISEASE IN
THE U.S. EACH YEAR
#1 CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S.MOST IMPORTANT Sx?
CHEST DISCOMFORT THAT LASTS FOR MORE THAN A FEW MINUTES
CLOT BUSTERS
• TPA & STREPTOKINASE
• MUST BE GIVEN WITHIN THE FIRST 90 MINUTES
• WHY?• TISSUE DIES BY THIS TIME
• WHEN SHOULD YOU NOT GIVE A CLOT BUSTER?• WHEN THERE IS A CHANCE OF SURGERY
ANGIOPLASTY
• ALSO CALLED BALLOON SURGERY
• AN INFLATED BALOON IS PRESSED AGAINST THE WALL OF THE ARTERY TO COMPRESS THE
OBSTRUCTION (PLAQUE)
• ABOUT 2/3 FAIL WITHIN ONE YEAR
HEART CONDITIONSA. ANGINA PECTORIS- CHEST PAIN DUE TO LACK OF O2
TO THE MYOCARDIUM
2 CAUSES:1. SPASM OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES.
COLD CAN TRIGGER.• Tx: NITROGLYCERINE
2. TOO MUCH PHYSICAL DEMAND• Tx: SLOW DOWN
BY-PASS SURGERY
• IS THE MOST DANGEROUS
• CHEST WALL IS CRACKED OPEN
• A VEIN IS USED TO REPLACE THE BLOCKED AREA OF THE ARTERY
• USUALLY A VEIN FROM THE LEG•
• ONLY GOOD FOR ABOUT 10 YEARS
Prevention Therapy
Recommendations: A baby aspirin each day
Who should avoid taking aspirin?
1. anyone with an allergy to aspirin 2. anyone with asthma
3. anyone with stomach ulcers4. anyone with bleeding disorders
5. anyone with reduced liver or kidney function6. anyone with uncontrolled high blood pressure