The Heart In YouThe Heart In You

Produced byProduced byJessica OwenJessica Owen

Brittany FurchesBrittany FurchesJulie BarrettJulie Barrett

Heart FactsHeart Facts Begins beating 4 weeks after Begins beating 4 weeks after

conceptionconception Fully developed about 8 weeks Fully developed about 8 weeks

after conceptionafter conception Force used to squeeze tennis Force used to squeeze tennis

ballball 100,000 beats in a day100,000 beats in a day 35 million beats in a year35 million beats in a year 2.5 billion beats in a lifetime2.5 billion beats in a lifetime Muscle force is twice as hard as Muscle force is twice as hard as

person sprintingperson sprinting Pumps about 1 million barrels of Pumps about 1 million barrels of

blood in lifetimeblood in lifetime Heart performs enough work in Heart performs enough work in

one hour to lift 3,000 lbs. 1’ off one hour to lift 3,000 lbs. 1’ off the groundthe ground

History of the HeartHistory of the Heart

Discovery of CirculationDiscovery of Circulation

William Harvey, 1628, theory of William Harvey, 1628, theory of blood circulation first publishedblood circulation first published

Showed that heart works like a Showed that heart works like a pumppump

Described how blood flows from Described how blood flows from the heart to the lungs, back to the the heart to the lungs, back to the heart, out to the body, and back heart, out to the body, and back to the heartto the heart

Development of Heart Development of Heart SurgerySurgery

1912, James B. Herrick, first diagnosis of a 1912, James B. Herrick, first diagnosis of a heart attackheart attack

1938, Robert E. Gross performed first 1938, Robert E. Gross performed first successful repair of a congenital heart defect.successful repair of a congenital heart defect.

1952, Charles Hufnagel, operated on a beating 1952, Charles Hufnagel, operated on a beating heart & implanted first artificial heart valveheart & implanted first artificial heart valve

1967, Christian Barnard, performed first human 1967, Christian Barnard, performed first human heart transplantheart transplant

1982, William DeVries, implanted first 1982, William DeVries, implanted first permanent artificial heart in human patientpermanent artificial heart in human patient

StethoscopeStethoscope 1816 (France)1816 (France)

– Rene-Theophile-Rene-Theophile-Hyacinthe LaennecHyacinthe Laennec

– Wooden tube, Wooden tube, 1851, Arthur Leared1851, Arthur Leared 1852, George Camman1852, George Camman 1961, Dr. David Littman1961, Dr. David Littman

– Open/closed chest-Open/closed chest-piece piece (appreciation/filter)(appreciation/filter)

– ““two-sided chest-two-sided chest-piece”, “combination”piece”, “combination”

StethoscopeStethoscope

• One end is put on chest One end is put on chest wallwall• Flat, thin side picks Flat, thin side picks

up vibrations of up vibrations of sounds coming sounds coming through chest wall, through chest wall, picks up more high picks up more high pitched soundspitched sounds

• ““bell” side, shaped bell” side, shaped like a semi-circle, is like a semi-circle, is rested very lightly on rested very lightly on skin, picks up more skin, picks up more low pitched soundslow pitched sounds

Parts of the HeartParts of the Heart

Right Coronary Right Coronary ArteryArtery

Left Coronary ArteryLeft Coronary Artery Superior Vena CavaSuperior Vena Cava Inferior Vena CavaInferior Vena Cava AortaAorta Pulmonary ArteryPulmonary Artery Pulmonary VeinPulmonary Vein Right AtriumRight Atrium

Left AtriumLeft Atrium Right VentricleRight Ventricle Left VentricleLeft Ventricle Papillary MusclesPapillary Muscles Chordae TendineaeChordae Tendineae Tricuspid ValveTricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve

(Mitral)(Mitral) Pulmonary ValvePulmonary Valve Aortic ValveAortic Valve

Coronary ArteriesCoronary Arteries-the vessels which bring blood to the heart muscle-the vessels which bring blood to the heart muscle

-Emerge from beginning of Aorta, near the top of the heart-Emerge from beginning of Aorta, near the top of the heart

Right Coronary ArteryRight Coronary ArterySupplies back of the Supplies back of the heartheart

Left Coronary ArteryLeft Coronary ArteryLeft Anterior Left Anterior DescendingDescending

Supplies front of Supplies front of heartheart

Left CircumflexLeft CircumflexWraps around Wraps around left side and left side and back of heartback of heart

Superior/Inferior Vena CavaSuperior/Inferior Vena CavaThe mains veins which The mains veins which bring de-oxygenated blood bring de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart.from the body to the heart.

Veins from the head and Veins from the head and upper body feed into the upper body feed into the superior vena cavasuperior vena cava, which , which empties into the right empties into the right atrium of the heart.atrium of the heart.

Veins from the legs and Veins from the legs and lower torso feed into the lower torso feed into the inferior vena cavainferior vena cava, which , which empties into the right empties into the right atrium of the heart.atrium of the heart.

AortaAortaLargest single Largest single blood vessel in blood vessel in bodybody

Approx. diameter of Approx. diameter of thumb, garden thumb, garden hosehose

Carries oxygen-rich Carries oxygen-rich blood from left blood from left ventricle to various ventricle to various parts of the bodyparts of the body

Pulmonary Artery/VeinPulmonary Artery/VeinPulmonary ArteryPulmonary Artery: The : The vessel that transports vessel that transports de-oxygenated blood de-oxygenated blood from the right from the right ventricle to the lungsventricle to the lungs

Pulmonary Vein: Pulmonary Vein: The The vessel transporting vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the from the lungs to the left atriumleft atrium

Left/Right AtriumLeft/Right AtriumLeft Atrium:Left Atrium: receives receives oxygenated blood from oxygenated blood from the lungs through the the lungs through the pulmonary vein. pulmonary vein.

Right Atrium:Right Atrium: receives receives de-oxygenated blood de-oxygenated blood from the body through from the body through the superior vena cava the superior vena cava & inferior vena cava& inferior vena cava

Left/Right VentricleLeft/Right VentricleLeft Ventricle:Left Ventricle: receives receives oxygenated blood as the oxygenated blood as the left atrium contracts. left atrium contracts. When the left ventricle When the left ventricle contracts, the bicuspid contracts, the bicuspid valve closes & the aortic valve closes & the aortic valve opens.valve opens.

Right Ventricle:Right Ventricle: receives receives de-oxygenated blood de-oxygenated blood from the body through from the body through the superior & inferior the superior & inferior vena cavavena cava

RIGHTVENTRICLE

LEFT

VENTRICLE

Papillary MusclesPapillary Muscles Attach to lower Attach to lower

portion of the interior portion of the interior wall of the ventricleswall of the ventricles

Connect to chordae Connect to chordae tendineae tendineae

When papillary When papillary muscles contract, the muscles contract, the valves open. When valves open. When papillary muscles papillary muscles relax, the valves relax, the valves close.close.

Chordae TendineaeChordae Tendineae

““Heart Strings”Heart Strings”Tendons which link Tendons which link the papillary muscles the papillary muscles to the tricuspid & to the tricuspid & bicuspid valvebicuspid valveAs the papillary As the papillary muscles contract & muscles contract & relax, the chordae relax, the chordae tendineae transmit the tendineae transmit the resulting increase & resulting increase & decrease in tension to decrease in tension to the valves, causing the valves, causing them to open/closethem to open/close

Tricuspid ValveTricuspid Valve

Separates the right Separates the right atrium from the atrium from the right ventricle right ventricle Closes as the right Closes as the right ventricle contracts ventricle contracts preventing blood preventing blood from returning to from returning to the right atrium, the right atrium, forcing it to exit the forcing it to exit the pulmonary valve pulmonary valve into the pulmonary into the pulmonary arteryartery

Bicuspid ValveBicuspid Valve

Separates the left Separates the left atrium from the left atrium from the left ventricleventricleCloses as the left Closes as the left ventricle contracts, ventricle contracts, preventing blood preventing blood from returning to from returning to the left atrium, the left atrium, which forces it to which forces it to exit through the exit through the aortic valve into the aortic valve into the aortaaorta

Pulmonary ValvePulmonary ValveSeparates the right Separates the right ventricle from the ventricle from the pulmonary arterypulmonary artery

As the ventricles As the ventricles contract, it opens to contract, it opens to allow the de-oxygenated allow the de-oxygenated blood collected in the blood collected in the right ventricle to flow to right ventricle to flow to the lungsthe lungs

As the ventricles relax, it As the ventricles relax, it closes, preventing blood closes, preventing blood from returning to the from returning to the heartheart

Aortic ValveAortic Valve Separates the left Separates the left

ventricle from the ventricle from the aortaaorta

Opens as ventricles Opens as ventricles contract to allow contract to allow oxygenated blood in oxygenated blood in the left ventricle to the left ventricle to flow throughout flow throughout bodybody

Closes as ventricles Closes as ventricles relax, preventing relax, preventing blood from returning blood from returning to the heart.to the heart.

Pathway of BloodPathway of Blood Two pumps work Two pumps work

simultaneouslysimultaneously Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation

Pumps the blood to Pumps the blood to the lungs, where the lungs, where carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide is exchanged for exchanged for oxygenoxygen

Systemic CirculationSystemic CirculationPumps the blood to Pumps the blood to

the body, and the body, and releases the releases the oxygen & nutrientsoxygen & nutrients

Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation

(1)Superior/Inferior

Vena Cava

(2)Right

Atrium

(3)Tricuspid

Valve

(4)Right

Ventricle

(5)Pulmonary

Valve

(6)Pulmonary

Artery

De-oxygenated Blood Enters Heart

Blood is Carried to the lungs

Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation

(6)Aorta

(5)AorticValve

(4)Left

Ventricle

(3)Bicuspid

Valve

(2)Left

Atrium

(1)Pulmonary

VeinOxygen-rich blood comes back to heart

Blood is pumped out to body

““Lub-dub”Lub-dub”

““LUB”LUB”Heard when valves between the upper Heard when valves between the upper

chambers and lower chambers closechambers and lower chambers close ““DUB”DUB”

Heard when valves in the pulmonary Heard when valves in the pulmonary and aortic arteries leaving the heart and aortic arteries leaving the heart close, followed by a longer pause, close, followed by a longer pause, when the heart relaxes to fill with when the heart relaxes to fill with blood for next beatblood for next beat

Common Heart DiseasesCommon Heart Diseases

1.1. Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease• (CAD) = narrowing of the arteries that (CAD) = narrowing of the arteries that

supply blood to the heart, reducing supply blood to the heart, reducing amount of blood the heart muscle amount of blood the heart muscle receives (“angina”)receives (“angina”)

• Most common form of heart diseaseMost common form of heart disease• Affects more men than womenAffects more men than women• Affects elderly more than younger Affects elderly more than younger

peoplepeople• May be hereditaryMay be hereditary• Risk Factors (controllable)Risk Factors (controllable)

• High BP, cigarette smoking, extreme High BP, cigarette smoking, extreme obesity, stressobesity, stress

Common Heart DiseasesCommon Heart Diseases

2.2. Heart AttackHeart Attack (myocardial infarction) (myocardial infarction)• Death of heart muscle due to loss of Death of heart muscle due to loss of

blood supplyblood supply• Almost always caused by blood clot Almost always caused by blood clot

on a cholesterol plaque in coronary on a cholesterol plaque in coronary arteryartery

• Pain: cardinal symptomPain: cardinal symptom• Tightness, heaviness in chest, Tightness, heaviness in chest,

frequently radiates to left arm or jawfrequently radiates to left arm or jaw• Risk Factors:Risk Factors:

• Smoking, high BP, elevated cholesterol, Smoking, high BP, elevated cholesterol, diabetesdiabetes

Common Heart DiseasesCommon Heart Diseases

3.3. AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis• Formation of fat deposits on inner lining of Formation of fat deposits on inner lining of

arteriesarteries• Usually no symptoms until one or more Usually no symptoms until one or more

arteries is so clogged with plaque that blood arteries is so clogged with plaque that blood flow is severely reduced (“ischemia”)flow is severely reduced (“ischemia”)

4.4. ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis• Hardening, thickening, and loss of elasticity in Hardening, thickening, and loss of elasticity in

artery wallsartery walls• Symptoms: circulatory disturbances, skin Symptoms: circulatory disturbances, skin

temp. & color changes, altered pulse, temp. & color changes, altered pulse, headaches, dizziness, memory defectsheadaches, dizziness, memory defects