The Heath Anthology of American Literature

FOURTH EDITION

Volume 1

Paul Lauter Trinity College General Editor

Jackson Bryer

Anne Goodwyn Jones

King-Kok Cheung

Wendy Martin

Charles Molesworth

University of Maryland

University of Florida

University of California, Los Angeles

Claremont Graduate University

Queens College, City University of New York

Richard Yarborough University of California, Los Angeles Associate General Editor

Raymund Paredes

Ivy T. Schweitzer

Linda Wagner-Martin

Andrew 0. Wiget

Sandra A. Zagarell

University of California, Los Angeles

Dartmouth College

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

New Mexico State University

Oberlin College

John Alberti Lois Leveen Northern Kentucky University Reed College Editor, Instructor’s Guide Electronic Resources Editor

James Kyung-Jin Lee Edward Maloney The University of Texas at Austin Associate Editor Electronic Resources Editor

Georgetown University

Randall Bass Georgetown University Electronic Resources Editor

Houghton Mifflin Company Boston New York

CONTENTS

xxxv Preface

COLONIAL PERIOD: TO 1700 18

21 24

38 51 53 56 59 61 63 64

65 68 68 88 88 89 90 91 91 92 92 93 94 96 96 97 97 98 98

Native American Oral Literatures

1

Native American Oral Narrative Talk Concerning the First Beginning (Zuni) Changing Woman and the Hero Twins after the Emergence

Wohpe and the Gift of the Pipe (Lakota) The Origin of Stories (Seneca) Iroquois or Confederacy of the Five Nations (Iroquois) Iktomi and the Dancing Ducks (Oglala Sioux) Raven Makes a Girl Sick and Then Cures Her (Tsimshian) The Bungling Host (Hitchiti) Creation of the Whites (Yuchi)

Native American Oral Poetry Zuni Poetry

Sayatasha’s Night Chant Aztec Poetry

The Singer’s Art Two Songs Like Flowers Continually Perishing (Ayocuan)

Song (Copper Eskimo) Moved (Uvavnuk, Iglulik Eskimo) Improvised Greeting (Takomaq, Iglulik Eskimo) Widow’s Song (Quernertoq, Copper Eskimo) My Breath (Orpingalik, Netsilik Eskimo)

A Selection of Poems Deer Hunting Song (Virsak Vai-i, O’odham) Love Song (Aleut) Song of Repulse to a Vain Lover (To’ak, Makah) A Dream Song (Annie Long Tom, Clayoquot) Woman’s Divorce Dance Song (Jane Green)

of the People (Navajo)

Inuit Poetry

V

vi

99 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104

105

107 108 116

119 120 120 122 124 124 125 126 127 128 129 130

13 1 132 137

139

140

143 144

144

146 147 147

Contents

Formula to Secure Love (Cherokee) Formula to Cause Death (A’yunini the Swimmer, Cherokee) Song of War (Blackfeet) War Song (Crow) Song of War (Odjib’we, Anishinabe) War Song (Young Doctor, Makah) Song of Famine (Holy-Face Bear, Dakota) Song of War (Two Shields, Lakota) Song of War (Victoria, Tohona O’odham)

New Spain

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) from Journal of the First Voyage to America, 1492-1493 from Narrative of the Third Voyage, 1498-1500

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?-1556?) Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

from Chapter VII. The Character of the Country from Chapter VIII. We Go from Aute from Chapter X. The Assault from the Indians from Chapter XI. Of What Befel Lope de Oviedo with the Indians from Chapter XXI. Our Cure of Some of the Afflicted from Chapter XXIV. Customs of the Indians of That Country from Chapter XXVII. We Moved Away and Were Well Received from Chapter X X n I . The Indians Give Us the Hearts of Deer from Chapter XXXIII. We See Traces of Christians from Chapter XXXIV. Of Sending for the Christians

Pedro Menendez de Avilés (1519-1574) from Letter to Philip I1 (October 15, 1565) Letter to a Jesuit Friend (October 15, 1566)

Fray Marcos de Niza (1495?-1542) from A Relation of the Reverend Father Fray Marcos de Niza, Touching

Pedro de Casteneda (1510?-1570?) The Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado

His Discovery of the Kingdom of Ceuola or Cibola . . .

Chapter XXI: Of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira

Gaspar Pérez de Villagra (1555-1620) The History of New Mexico

from Canto I. Which sets forth the outline of the history. . .

Contents vii

Canto XIV. How the River of the North was discovered and the trials that were borne in discovering it . . .

Canto XXX. How the new General . . , went to take leave of Luzcoija, and the battle he had with the Spaniards . . .

History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of

History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695) 48: In Reply to a Gentleman from Peru, Who Sent Her Clay Vessels

94: Which Reveals the Honorable Ancestry of a High-Born Drunkard 3 17: Villancico VI, from Santa Catarina, 1691

Don Antonio de Otermin (fl. 1680) Letter on the Pueblo Revolt of 1680

The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt (Hopi) The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt

Don Diego de Vargas (?-1704) from Letter on The Reconquest of New Mexico, 1692

149

157

165 Guadalupe in 1531

166 of Guadalupe in 153 1

173

175 179 180

182 183

190 191

194 195

While Suggesting She Would Better Be a Man

201 New France 203

203 205 Samuel de Champlain (1570?-1635) 206 206 209

2 11 The Jesuit Relations 213

René Goulaine de Laudonniere (fl. 1562-1582) from A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by

Certaine French Captaines unto Florida

The Voyages of Samuel de Champlain, 1604-1618 from The Voyages to the Great River St. Lawrence, 1608-1612 from The Voyages of 1615

from The Relation of 1647, by Father Jerome Lalemant

222 Chesapeake 224 Thomas Harriot (1560-1621) 226 A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia

234 Edward Maria Wingfield (1560?-1613?) 235

242 John Smith (1580-1631)

245 and the Summer Isles

from A Discourse of Virginia

The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England,

viii Contents

245

245 247 25 1

254 254 25 6

257 257

260

262

267 269

27 6

28 1 2 83

283 2 83 2 83 284

2 84 2 85

286

286 2 87

287

Book I11 from Chapter 2 [Smith as captive at the court of

from Chapter 8 [Smith’s Journey to Pamaunkee) Powhatan in 16081

from A Description of New England Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New-England,

or Anywhere, Or the Path-way to Experience to Erect a Plantation from Chapter 1 from Chapter 9

Richard Frethorne (fl. 1623) from Richard Frethorne, to His Parents (Virginia, 1623)

Nathaniel Bacon (1647-1676) Nathaniel Bacon Esq’r his Manifesto Concerning the

Present Troubles in Virginia

James Revel (1640?-?) The Poor, Unhappy Transported Felon

New England Thomas Morton (1579?-1647?) New English Canaan

Book I. Containing the originall of the Natives, their manners Customes, with their tractable nature and love

towards the English from Chapter IV. Of their Houses and Habitations from Chapter VI. Of the Indians apparrell Chapter VIII. Of their Reverence, and respect to age Chapter XVI. Of their acknowledgment of the Creation,

from Chapter XX. That the Salvages live a contended life

are planted there, what remarkable Accidents have happened there what Tenents they hould, together with the practise of their Church.

and immortality of the Soule

Book 111: Containing a description of the People that

from Chapter I. Of a great League made with the Plimmouth

from Chapter V. Of a Massacre made upon the Salvages at

from Chapter VII. Of Thomas Mortons entertainement at

Planters after their arrivall, by the Sachem of those Territories

Wessaguscus

Plimmouth, and castinge away upon an Island

Contents ix

288

2 90

293

2 94 296 3 04

311 3 13 3 13

3 13

3 14 3 16 3 16 320 32 1 324 325 327 327 330 333

335 337

337 339 344 350 353

354

355 358

from Chapter XIV. Of the Revells of New Canaan Chapter XV. Of a great Monster supposed to be at

Chapter XVI. How the 9. worthies put mine Host of Ma-re-Mount; and the preparation made to destroy it

Ma-re-Mount into the inchaunted Castle at Plimmouth, and terrified him with the Monster Briareus

John Winthrop 1588-1649) from A Modell of Christian Charity from The Journal of John Winthrop

William Bradford (1590-1657) Of Plymouth Plantation Book I

from Chapter I. The Separatist Interpretation of the Reformation

from Chapter IX. Of their Voyage, and how they Passed the Sea; in England 1550-1607

and of their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod Book I1

from Chapter XI. The Remainder of Anno 1620 from Chapter XIV. Anno Domini 1623 from Chapter XIX. Anno Domini 1628 from Chapter XXIII. Anno Domini 1632 from Chapter XXVIII. Anno Domini 1637 from Chapter XXIX. Anno Domini 1638 from Chapter XXXII. Anno Domini 1642 from Chapter XXXIII. Anno Domini 1643 from Chapter XXXIV. Anno Domini 1644

Roger Williams (160)?-168)) A Key into the Language of America

[Preface]: To my Deare and Welbeloved Friends and Countreymen,

Chapter XI: Of Travell from Chapter XXI: Of Religion, the soule, Chapter XXII: Of their Government and Justice

in old and new England

To the Town of Providence Testimony of Roger Williams relative to his first coming into the

Narrangansett country

Thomas Shepard 1605-1649) Autobiography

x Contents

3 82 3 84 3 86 3 90 3 90 391 3 94 3 94 3 95

3 96

3 96 3 97 3 98

402 403 407

41 1 4 13 4 13 4 15 416 4 17 418 419 42 1 422 422 423 423 424

Anne Bradstreet (1612?-1672) The Prologue [To Her Book] In Honour of. Queen Elizabeth The Author to Her Book To Her Father with Some Verses The Flesh and the Spirit Before the Birth of One of Her Children To My Dear and Loving Husband A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet,

Who Deceased August, 1665, Being a Year and Half Old On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet, Who Died

on 16 November, 1669, being but a Month, and One Day Old Upon the Burning of Our House July IOth, 1666 To My Dear Children

Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705) from The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth A Song of Emptiness

The Bay Psalm Book (1640), The New England Primer (1683?)

The Bay Psalm Book from The Preface by John Cotton Psalm 1 Psalm 6 Psalm 8 Psalm 19 Psalm 23 Psalm 137

Alphabet The Dutiful Child’s Promises Verses The Death of John Rogers

The New England Primer

425

428 Rowlandson

456 Edward Taylor (1642?-1729) 460 Gods Determinations 460 The Preface 461 462 Christs Reply

Mary White Rowlandson (Talcott) (1637?-1711) from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary

The Souls Groan to Christ for Succour

Contents xi

466 467 467 468 470 470 47 1 472 473

473

475 476 478

480 480 482

484 486 489 494

495 497

500

5 02 502

505

5 12 5 12 5 15

520

521 523

The Joy of Church Fellowship rightly attended Occasional Poems

4. Huswifery 6. Upon Wedlock, Death of Children

Prologue 6. Another Meditation at the same time 8. Meditation. Joh. 6.51. I am the Living Bread.

1. Meditation. Col. 2.17. Which are Shaddows of

26. Meditation. Heb. 9.13.14. How much more

50. Meditation. Joh. 1.14. Full of Truth 115. Meditation. Cant. 5:lO. My Beloved

of the l lm 1720 [Version 11 Cant. 3. Valediction, to the Terraqueous Globe

Preparatory Meditations, First Series

Preparatory Meditations, Second Series

things to come and the body is Christs

shall the blood of Christ, etc.

A Valediction to all the World preparatory for Death

A Fig for thee Oh! Death [Version 21

Samuel Sewall (1652-1730) from The Diary of Samuel Sewall The Selling of Joseph, A Memorial My Verses upon the New Century [Jan. 1, 17011

Cotton Mather (1663-1728) The Wonders of the Invisible World

V. The Trial of Martha Carrier at The Court of Oyer and Terminer, Held by Adjournment at Salem, August 2,1692

Magnalia Christi Americana; or, The Ecclesiastical History of New-England

from A General Introduction

Governor of Plymouth Colony

in the Long [Indian] War Article XXV A Notable Exploit

from The Negro Christianized from Bonifacius. With Humble Proposals

to Do Good in the World

John Williams (1664-1729) from The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion

Galeacius Secundus: The Life of William Bradford, Esq.,

Decennium Luctuosum: An History of Remarkable Occurrences

xiv Contents

694

697 698

7 15 716 7 17 720 72 1

722 723

732 732

73 8 73 8 73 9 740 74 1

742 742

743 743

745 745 746

747 749

75 1 752 752 753 754

754

755 755 757 75 9

A f Eighte

Ebenezer Cook (1667-1733) The Sot-weed Factor; or, a Voyage to Maryland,

Susanna Wright (1697-1784) To Eliza Norris-at Fairhill Anna Boylens Letter to Kin On the Benefit of Labour My Own Birthday-Augus

Richard Lewis (1700?-1734) A Journey from Patapsko to Annap

William Dawson (1704-1752) The Wager. A Tale

Jane Colman Turell (1708-1735) Psalm CXXXVII. Paraphras’d, Aug [Lines on Childbirth] On Reading the Warning by Mrs. Singer To My Muse, December 29,1725

Lucy Terry (1730-1821) Bars Fight

Thomas Godfrey (1736-1763) from The Prince of Parthia, A Tragedy

Annis Boudinot Stockton (1736-1801) To Laura Epistle, To Lucius A Poetical Epistle, Addressed by a Lady of New Jersey, to Her Niece,

The Vision, an Ode to Washington

Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson (1737-1801) Upon the Discovery of the Planet By Mr. Herschel of Bath On a Beautiful Damask Rose, Emblematical of Love and Wedlock On the Mind’s Being Engrossed by One Subject

Milcah Martha Moore (1740-1829) The Female Patriots. Address’d to the Daughters of Liberty

Nathaniel Evans (1742-1767) Hymn to May Ode to the Memory of Mr. Thomas Godfrey To Benjamin Franklin, Occasioned by Hearing Him Play on the Harmonica

upon Her Marriage

in America, 1768

Contents xv

760 7 60 761

763

7 64 7 67 7 68

770

770 77 1

772 772 773 774 775

777

780 780

7 82 7 85 791 7 92 7 94 7 97 798 802 804 805 805

853 863

867

869

Anna Young Smith (1756-1780) On Reading Swift’s Works An Elegy to the Memory of the American Volunteers, April 19,1775

Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton (1759-1846) Ouabi: or the Virtues of Nature, An Indian Tale. In Four Cantos

Stanzas to a Husband Recently United The African Chief

Margaretta Bleecker Faugéres (177 1-1801) The following Lines were occasioned by Mr. Robertson’s refusing to paint

for one Lady, and immediately after taking another lady’s likeness 1793 To Aribert. October, 1790

Poems Published Anonymously The Lady’s Complaint Verses Written by a Young Lady, on Women Born to Be Controll’d! The Maid’s Soliloquy Rights of Woman

Canto I

Voices of Revolution and Nationalism Handsome Lake (Seneca) (1735-1815) How America Was Discovered

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) The Way to Wealth A Witch Trial at Mount Holly The Speech of Polly Baker An Edict by the King of Prussia The Ephemera, an Emblem of Human Life Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America On the Slave-Trade Speech in the Convention The Autobiography

Part One [Twyford, at the Bishop of St. Asaph’s, 17711 Part Two: Continuation of the Account of My Life Begun

Part Three [Philadelphia, 17881

Mercy Otis Warren (1728-1814) To Fidelio, Long Absent on the great public Cause, which agitated all

at Passy, 1784

America, in 1776

xvi Contents

87 1 894 895

898 899 899

902 905

910

91 1 918

934 93 6 93 6 942 942 948 948 94 9

95 1 952

954 955 957 957 95 8 95 9 961

962

964

965

966

968 970

The Group from The Ladies of Castille from An Address to the Inhabitants of the United States of America

J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur (1735-1813) Letters from an American Farmer

from Letter 1. Introduction from Letter 11. On the Situation, Feelings, and

Pleasures of an American Farmer from Letter 111. What Is an American? from Letter V. Customary Education and Employment

from Letter 1X. Description of Charles Town; Thoughts

from Letter XII. Distresses of a Frontier Man

of the Inhabitants of Nantucket

on Slavery; on Physical Evil; a Melancholy Scene

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Common Sense

The American Crisis

The Age of Reason

Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs

Number 1

Chapter 1. The Author’s Profession of Faith from Chapter 11. Of Missions and Revelations from Chapter 111. Concerning the Character of Jesus Christ,

from Chapter VI. Of the True Theology and His History

John Adams (1735-1826) and Abigail Adams (1744-1818) from Autobiography of John Adams Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 3 1, 1776 Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, April 14, 1776 from Letter from John Adams to Mercy Otis Warren, April 16, 1776 from Letters from John Adams to Abigail Adams, July 3,1776 Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, June 30, 1778 Abigail Adams’s Diary of Her Return Voyage to America,

from Letter from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson,

from Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Adams,

from Letter from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson

March 30-May 1,1788

September 2,1813

October 28, 1813

November 15, 1813

Contents xvii

97 1

975

975 980 984 988 990 99 1 993 996 996 997 999 1003 1004 1006

1008 1010 1015 1020

1023 1025

1030

1030 103 1 1032 1033 1036 1037 1039 1041 1042

1044 1044 1045 1046 1046

A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled

Notes on the State of Virginia from Query VI: Productions, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal,

from Query XI: Aborigines, Original Condition and Origin from Query XIV: Laws from Query XVII: Religion from Query XVIII: Manners Effect of Slavery

Buffon and the Theory of Degeneracy

from Letter to James Madison, Oct. 28, 1785 from Letter to James Madison, Dec. 20, 1787 Letter to Benjamin Banneker Letter to the Marquis de Condorcet Letter to Edward Coles Letter to Peter Carr [Young Man’s Education] from Letter to Benjamin Hawkins [Civilization of the Indians] Letter to Nathaniel Burvell [A Young Woman’s Education] from Indian Addresses: To Brother Handsome Lake

Federalist and Anti-Federalist Contentions The Federalist No. 6 (Alexander Hamilton) The Federalist No. 10 (James Madison) An Anti-Federalist Paper

Toussaint L’Ouverture (1744?-1803) Proclamations and Letters

Patriot and Loyalist Songs and Ballads “Patriot” Voices The Liberty Song Alphabet The King’s own Regulars, And their Triumphs over the Irregulars The Irishman’s Epistle to the Officers and Troops at Boston The Yankee’s Return from Camp Nathan Hale Sir Harry’s Invitation Volunteer Boys

“Loyalist” Voices When Good Queen Elizabeth Governed the Realm Song for a Fishing Party near Burlington, on the Delaware, in 1776 Burrowing Yankees A Birthday Song for the King’s Birthday, June 4, 1777

xviii Contents

1047 A Song 1048 An Appeal

io50 Contested Visions, American Voices 1053 Jupiter Hammon (1711-1806?) 1055 An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries

An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatly [sic], Ethiopian Poetess, in Boston, who came from Africa at eight years of age, and soon became acquainted with the gospel of Jesus Christ 1057

1060 1062 1062

1078 1079 1085

1100

1102

1106

1108 1109

1116

1118 1118 1126 1135 1140 1143

1149

1151 1154 1157

1164

James Grainger (1721?-1766) The Sugar-Cane. A Poem. In Four Books

from Book IV The Genius of Africa

Samson Occom (Mohegan) (1723-1792) A Short Narrative of My Life A Sermon Preached by Samson Occom

Briton Hammon (fl. 1760) Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings and Surprizing Deliverance

of Briton Hammon

Prince Hall (1735?-1807) To the Honorable Council House of Representatives for the State

A Charge, Delivered to the African Lodge, June 24, 1797, at

Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or

of Massachusetts-Bay in General Court assembled January 13th 1777

Menotomy

Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself from Chapter 1 Chapter 2 from Chapter 3 from Chapter 7 from Chapter 10

Judith Sargent Murray (1751-1820) Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of encouraging a degree of Self-

On the Domestic Education of Children On the Equality of the Sexes Occasional Epilogue to The Contrast; a Comedy, Written

Complacency, especially in Female Bosoms

by Royal Tyler, Esq.

Contents xix

1166 1168 1170 1170

1175 1176 1180 1181 1183 1184 1185 1186 1188 1189

1191 1194 1194 1199

1205 1205

1207

1208 1209 1210 1211 12 12 1213 12 14

1215 1217 1219 1220

122 1

1223 1233

1237 123 9

Ann Eliza Bleecker (1752-1783) Written in the Retreat from Burgoyne On the Immensity of Creation from The History of Maria Kittle

Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The Power of Fancy A Political Litany To Sir Toby The Wild Honey Suckle from The Country Printer On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature On Observing a Large Red-streak Apple The Indian Burying Ground On the Causes of Political Degeneracy

Timothy Dwight (1752-1817) Greenfield Hill

Part 11: The Flourishing Village from Part IV: The Destruction of the Pequods

Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) To Maecenas Letter to the Right Hon’ble The Earl of Dartmouth per favour

of Mr. Wooldridge To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty’s

Principal Secretary of State for North-America, Letter to the Rt. Hon’ble the Countess of Huntingdon On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield 1770 On the Death of Dr. Samuel Marshall 1771 On Being Brought from Africa to America A Farewell to America To the University of Cambridge, in New England Philis’s [sic] Reply to the Answer in our Last by the Gentleman

To His Excellency General Washington Liberty and Peace, A Poem by Phillis Peters Letter to Samson Occom

Lemuel Haynes (1753-1833) Liberty Further Extended: Or Free Thoughts on the Illegality

of Slave-keeping Universal Salvation

Joel Barlow (1754-1812) The Prospect of Peace

in the Navy

xx Contents

1245 1255

1257 1259

1300 1302

1306 1307 1307 1308 1309 13 10 1311 13 12 13 13 13 14 1314 13 16 13 17 13 17 13 19 1320 1322 1324 1325

1326 1327 1327 1328 1330

133 1 1333 1335 1337 1338

1339 1341

The Hasty Pudding, A Poem, in Three Cantos Advice to a Raven in Russia

Royall Tyler (1757-1826) The Contrast, A Comedy in Five Acts

Hendrick Aupaumut (Mahican) (1757-1830) from A Short Narration of My Last Journey to the Western Country

Hannah Webster Foster (1758-1840) The Coquette; or, the History of Eliza Wharton

Letter I. To Miss Lucy Freeman Letter 11. To the Same Letter 111. To the Same Letter IV. To Mr. Selby Letter V. To Miss Lucy Freeman Letter VI. To the Same Letter VIII. To Mr. Charles Deighton Letter XI. To Mr. Charles Deighton Letter XII. To Miss Lucy Freeman Letter XIII. To Miss Eliza Wharton Letter XVIII. To Mr. Charles Deighton Letter LXV. To Mr. Charles Deighton Letter LXVIII. To Mrs. M. Wharton Letter LXXI. To Mrs. Lucy Sumner Letter LXXII. To Mr. Charles Deighton Letter LXXIII. To Miss Julia Granby Letter LXXIV. To Mrs. M. Wharton

Susanna Haswell Rowson (1762-1824) Charlotte Temple from Preface from Chapter I: A Boarding School Chapter VI: An Intriguing Teacher from Chapter VII: Natural Sense of Propriety Inherent in the

Chapter IX: We Know Not What a Day May Bring Forth from Chapter XI: Conflict of Love and Duty Chapter XII: [How thou art fall’n! 1 from Chapter XIV: Maternal Sorrow

Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) Somnambulism, A fragment

Female Bosom

Contents xxi

EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY 1800- 1865 1355

1386 Native America 1388 Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (Ojibwa) (1800-1841) 1389 Mishosha, or the Magician and His Daughters 1394 The Forsaken Brother

1397 William Apess (Pequot) (1798-?) 1398 An Indian’s Looking-Glass for the White Man

1403 John Wannuaucon Quinney (Mahican) (1797-1855) 1405 Quinney’s Speech

1409 Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) (c. 1802-1839) I41 I An Address to the Whites

1418 1419

1422 1424

1437 1439 1440 1442 1443

Seattle (Duwamish) (1786-1866) Speech of Chief Seattle

George Copway (Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh; Ojibwa) 1818-1869) from The Life of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh

John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee) (1827-1867) Oppression of Digger Indians The Atlantic Cable The Stolen White Girl A Scene Along the Rio de la Plumas

1446 Spanish America 1448 1449 145 1 1455 1456 1458 1460

1461

1464 1464

1468 1468

1478 1478

Tales from the Hispanic Southwest La comadre Sebastiana/Dona Sebastiana Los tres hermanos/The Three Brothers El obispo/The New Bishop El indito de las cien vacas/The Indian and the Hundred Cows La Llorona, La Malinche, and the Unfaithful Maria The Devil Woman

Narratives from the Mexican and Early American Southwest Pio Pico (1801-1894) from Historical Narrative

Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (1808-1890) from Recuerdos históricos y personales tocante a la alta California

Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (1815-1882) from Two Years Before the Mast and Twenty-Four Years After

xxii Contents

1481 1481

1485 1485 1485 1487 1487 1489

1492 1492 1492 1492 1493 1493

1496

1497 1499 1501 1501 1507 1508 1509 15 10

1512 1516 1543 1555 1572 1587 1603 1603 1604 1605 1606 1608 1611 1612 1612

Alfred Robinson (1806-1895) from Life in California

Josiah Gregg (1806-1850) Commerce of the Prairies

5. New Mexico 7. Domestic Animals 8. Arts and Crafts 9. The People

Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) A Journey Through Texas

San Antonio The Missions Town Life The Mexicans in Texas

The Cultures of New England Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney (1791-1865) The Suttee Death of an Infant The Father The Indian’s Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers Indian Names Niagara To a Shred of Linen

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Nature The American Scholar Self-Reliance The Poet Experience Concord Hymn The Rhodora The Snow-Storm Compensation Hamatreya Merlin Brahma Days Terminus

Contents xxiii

1613 1615 1617 1619 1622

1626 1629 163 1 1653 1660 1660 1665

1669 1672 1687 1687 1696 1703 17 13 172 1 1737 1758 1758 1760

1764 1764 1764 1769 1771

1774

1775

1777

1787 1789

1791 1793 1793 1794

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) The Hunters of Men The Farewell Massachusetts to Virginia At Port Royal

Sarah Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) To [Sophia Ripley?] from Woman in the Nineteenth Century from American Literature Things and Thoughts in Europe

Dispatch 17 Dispatch 18

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) Resistance to Civil Government Walden

Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Higher Laws Spring Conclusion

A Plea for Captain John Brown Walking Letters to H. G. 0. Blake:

March 27, 1848 November 16,1857

Harriet E. Wilson (1827?-1863?) Our Nig; or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black

Chapter IV. A Friend for Nig Chapter X. Perplexities-Another Death Chapter XII. The Winding Up of the Matter

Race, Slavery, and the Invention of the “South” David Walker (1785-1830) from Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World

William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) Editorial from the first issue of The Liberator

Lydia Maria Child (1802-1880) Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans

(third edition, 1829)

Preface Chapter VI11

xxiv Contents

1795 1795 1799 1802

1805 1806

1814 1817 1881

1900

1902

1908 1909

1918 1920 1920

1928 1930 193 1 1933 1934 1935

1936 1938

1945 1947 1957

1960 1962 1962 1964 1968 1972 1978 1980 1986

1987 1989

Letters from New York 14. [Homelessness, 18421 33. [Anti-abolitionist mobs, 18421 50. Women’s Rights, 1843

Angelina Grimké (1805-1879) from Appeal to the Christian Women of the South

Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

Henry Highland Garnet (1815-1882) An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America,

Buffalo, N.Y., 1843

George Fitzhugh (1804-1881) from Southern Thought

Caroline Lee Hentz (1800-1856) The Planter’s Northern Bride

Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911) The Slave Mother The Tennessee Hero Free Labor An Appeal to the American People The Colored People in America Speech: On the Twenty-Fourth Anniversary of the American

The Two Offers

Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823-191 1) from Nat Turner’s Insurrection Letter to Mrs. Higginson on Emily Dickinson

Harriet Ann Jacobs (1813-1897) Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

Chapter I

Anti-Slavery Society

I. Childhood VI. The Jealous Mistress X. A Perilous Passage in the Slave Girl’s Life XVI. Scenes at the Plantation XXI. The Loophole of Retreat XLI. Free at Last

Harriet Jacobs to Ednah Dow Cheney, April 25, 1867

Mary Boykin Chesnut (1823-1886) Mary Chesnut’s Civil War

Contents xxv

1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995

1996 1997

2007 2009 2010

2012

2013

2013 2013 2017

2020 2020 2020 202 1

2023

2025 2027

2028

2030 203 1 2032 2032 2033 2033 2034 2035 2036 2036 2037

March 18, 1861 August 26,1861 October 13,1861 October 20, 1861 January 16, 1865 January 17,1865

Wendell Phillips (1811-1884) from Toussaint L‘Ouverture

Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865) Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery Second Inaugural Address

Literature and “The Woman Question” Sarah Moore Grimké (1792-1873) Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condltion

of Woman Letter VIII. The Condition of Women in the United States Letter XV. Man Equally Guilty with Woman in the Fall

Angelina Grimké (1805-1879) Letters to Catherine Beecher

Letter XI. [untitled] Letter XII. Human Rights Not Founded on Sex

Sojourner Truth (c . 1797-1883) Reminiscences by Frances D. Gage of Sojourner Truth, for

Speech at New York City Convention Address to the First Annual Meeting of the American Equal

Rights Association

Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) (181 1-1872) Hints to Young Wives Fern Leaves, 1st Series

Thanksgiving Story Fern Leaves, 2nd Series

Soliloquy of a Housemaid Apollo Hyacinth Critics Mrs. Adolphus Smith Sporting the “Blue Stocking”

May 28-29,185 1

Independence The Working-Girls of New York

xxvi Contents

203 8 2040 2042

2045

2048

2052 2052

2053 2054

2056 2056 2056 2056 2056 2057

2061 2061

2065 2065

207 1 2073 2073 2081 2093

21 13

2115 2116 2117 2118

2135 2137 2137 2 142 2147

2149 2151 2151

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) from Eighty Years and More: Reminiscences Declaration of Sentiments

The Development of Narrative Humor of the Old Southwest Davy Crockett (1786-1836) The Crockett Almanacs

Sunrise in His Pocket A Pretty Predicament Crockett’s Daughters

Mike Fink (1770?-1823?) The Crockett Almanacs

Mike Fink’s Brag Mike Fink Trying to Scare Mrs. Crockett Sal Fink, the Mississippi Screamer, How She Cooked Injuns

The Death of Mike Fink (recorded by Joseph M. Field)

Augustus Baldwin Longstreet (1790-1870) The Horse Swap

George Washington Harris (1814-1869) Mrs. Yardley’s Quilting

Washington Irving (1783-1859) A History of New York

Book I, Chapter 5 Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) The Pioneers, or the Sources of the Susquehanna:

A Descriptive Tale Chapter XXI Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII

Catharine Maria Sedgwick (1789-1867) Hope Leslie

from Volume 1, Chapter 7 from Volume 2, Chapter 1 from Volume 2, Chapter 8

Caroline Kirkland (1801-1864) A New Home-Who’ll Follow?

Preface

Contents xxvii

2152 2152 2156 2159 2160 2168

2170 2 173 2186 2 195 2204 22 15 2235 2372 2374 2378 2379 2379 2381 2383 23 85 23 86 2386

2387 23 90 2400 2414 2420 2423 2430 2443 2449 2457 2458 2458 2459 2461 2462 2464 2465 2465 2467

Preface to the Fourth Edition Chapter I Chapter XV Chapter XVII Chapter XXVII Chapter XLIII

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) My Kinsman, Major Molineux Young Goodman Brown The Minister’s Black Veil The Birth-mark Rappaccini’s Daughter The Scarlet Letter Preface to The House of the Seven Gables Mrs. Hutchinson from Abraham Lincoln Letters

To Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (June 4, 1837) To Sophia Peabody (April 13, 1841) To H. W. Longfellow (June 5,1849) To J. T. Fields (January 20, 1850) To J. T. Fields (Undated draft) To H. W. Longfellow (January 2,1864)

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Ligeia The Fall of the House of Usher The Man of the Crowd The Tell-Tale Heart The Black Cat The Purloined Letter The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar The Philosophy of Composition Sonnet-To Science Romance To Helen Israfel The City in the Sea The Sleeper Bridal Ballad Sonnet-Silence Dream-Land The Raven

xxviii

2470 2473

2475 2478 2478 2485 2490 2499 25 05 25 12 25 14 25 18 2522 2522 2530

253 9 254 1 254 1 2543 2545 2547

2550 2554 2580 2580 2587 2598 2656 27 14 2727 2727 2727 2728 2728 2729

2729 273 1 273 1

2747 2748

Contents

Ulalume Annabel Lee

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) Uncle Tom’s Cabin

I. In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity VII. The Mother’s Struggle XI. In Which Property Gets into an Improper State of Mind XIII. The Quaker Settlement XIV. Evangeline XL. The Martyr X I . The Young Master

from Preface to the First Illustrated Edition of Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Minister’s Wooing

XXIII. Views of Divine Government Sojourner Truth, the Libyan Sibyl

William Wells Brown (1815-1884) Clotelle; or, The Colored Heroine

Chapter 11. The Negro Sale Chapter X. The Quadroon’s Home Chapter XI. To-Day a Mistress, To-Morrow a Slave Chapter XVIII. A Slave-Hunting Parson

Herman Melville (1819-1891) Bartleby, the Scrivener The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids

I. The Paradise of Bachelors 11. The Tartarus of Maids

Benito Cereno Billy Budd, Sailor Hawthorne and His Mosses Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War

The Portent (1859) A Utilitarian View of the Monitor’s Fight

Timoleon Monody Art

Alice Cary (1820-1871) Clovernook, Second Series

Uncle Christopher’s

Elizabeth Stoddard (1823-1902) Lemorne Versus Huell

Contents xxix

2761 2763

2788

2791 2793 2793 2794 2794 2794 2795 2795 2796 2796 2796 2798 2799 2799 2800 2801 2802 2804 2805 2 805 2806 2807 2808 2810 2811

2811 2813 2815 2816 2817 2818 2818 282 1

2822 2823

Rebecca Harding Davis (1831-1910) Life in the Iron-Mills

The Emergence of American Poetic Voices Songs and Ballads Songs of the Slaves

Lay Dis Body Down Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Had Deep River Roll, Jordan, Roll Michael Row the Boat Ashore Steal Away to Jesus There’s a Meeting Here To-Night Many Thousand Go Go Down, Moses Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel

John Brown’s Body The Battle Hymn of the Republic (Julia Ward Howe) Pat Works on the Railway Sweet Betsy from Pike Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie Shenandoah Clementine Acres of Clams Cindy Paper of Pins Come Home, Father (Henry Clay Work) Life Is a Toil

Songs of White Communities

William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) Thanatopsis The Yellow Violet To a Waterfowl To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe To the Fringed Gentian The Prairies Abraham Lincoln

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) A Psalm of Life

xxx Contents

2 825 2825 2827 2828 2828

2829 283 1 2832 2833 2833 2835 2836 2837 2839 2840 2841 2843 2844 2845

2846 2849 2849 2863 2914 2922 2922 2923 2923 2923 2925 2925 2925 2926 2927 2927 2927 2927 2933 2933 2934 2935 2935

The Warning The Jewish Cemetery at Newport Aftermath Chaucer The Harvest Moon

Frances Sargent Locke Osgood (1811-1850) Ellen Learning to Walk The Little Hand The Maiden’s Mistake Oh! Hasten to My Side A Reply Lines Woman Alone Little Children To a Slandered Poetess The Indian Maid’s Reply to the Missionary The Hand That Swept the Sounding Lyre The Wraith of the Rose

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) Leaves of Grass

Preface to the 1855 Edition Song of Myself The Sleepers from Inscriptions

from Children of Adam One’s-Self I Sing

To the Garden the World A Woman Waits for Me

In Paths Untrodden Recorders Ages Hence When I Heard at the Close of the Day Here the Frailest Leaves of Me I Dream’d in a Dream

Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking

Europe, the 72d and 73d Years of These States When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer To a President The Dalliance of the Eagles

from Calamus

from Sea-Drift

from By the Roadside

Contents xxxi

2935 2936 2936 2937 2937 2938 2939 2940 2940 2940 294 1 294 1 2948 2948 2949 295 1 295 1 2952 2952 2953 2953 2955 2955 2956 2956 2957 2960

2969 2974 2974 2975 2975 2976 2976 2977 2977 2977 2978 2978 2979 2979 2979 2980

To the States from Drum-Taps

Beat! Beat! Drums! Cavalry Crossing a Ford Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, and the Road Unknown Year That Trembled and Reel’d Beneath Me Ethiopia Saluting the Colors Reconciliation As I Lay with My Head in Your Lap Camerado

from Memories of President Lincoln When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

from Autumn Rivulets Sparkles from the Wheel Prayer of Columbus

from Whispers of Heavenly Death Quicksand Years

from From Noon to Starry Night To a Locomotive in Winter

from Songs of Parting So Long!

from Sands at Seventy (First Annex) Yonnondio

from Good-bye My Fancy (Second Annex) Good-bye My Fancy!

Respondez! [Poem deleted from Leaves of Gruss) from Democratic Vistas

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) Poems

[One Sister have I in our house) [I never lost as much but twice) [Success is counted sweetest] [Her breast is fit for pearls] [These are the days when Birds come back-] [Come slowly-Eden [Did the Harebell loose her girdle] [Wild Nights-Wild Nights!] [I can wade Grief-] [There’s a certain Slant of light] [I felt a Funeral, in my Brain] [I’m Nobody! Who are you?] [If your Nerve, deny you-] [Your Riches-taught me-Poverty]

xxxii Contents

2981 2981 2981 2982 2982 2983 2984 2984 2985 2985 2985 2986 2986 2987 2987 2987 2988 2988 2989 2989 2990 2990 2991 2992 2992 2993 2993 2993 2994 2 994 2996 2996 2997 2997 2998 2998 2998 2999 2999 3 000 3000 3001 3001

[I reason, Earth is shor t - ) [The Soul selects her own Society-] [The Soul’s Superior instants] [I send Two Sunsets-] [It sifts from Leaden Sieves) [There came a Day at Summer’s full] [Some keep the Sabbath going to Church) [A Bird came down the Walk-) [I know that He exists.] [After great pain, a formal feeling comes-) [God is a distant-stately Lover-] [Dare you see a Soul at the White Heat?] [What Soft-Cherubic Creatures-] [Much Madness is divinest Sense-) [This is my letter to the World) [I tie my Hat-I crease my Shawl-] [I showed her Hights she never saw-] [This was a Poet-It is That-] [I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-] [This World is not Conclusion1 [Her sweet Weight on my Heart a Night) [I started Early-Took my D o g - ) [One Crucifixion is recorded-only-I [I reckon-when I count at all-9 [I had been hungry, all the Years-] [Empty my Heart, of Thee1 [They shut me up in Prose-] [Ourselves were wed one summer-dear-] [The Brain-is wider than the Sky- ) [I cannot live with You-] [I dwell in Possibility-] [Of all the Souls that stand create-] [One need not be a Chamber-to be Haunted-] [Essential Oils-are wrung-] [They say that “Time Assuages”-I [Publication-is the Auction] [Because I could not stop for Death-] [She rose to His Requirement-dropt9 [My Life had stood-a Loaded G u n - 9 [Presentiment-is that long Shadow-on the Lawn-] [This Consciousness that is aware) [The Poets light but Lamps-] [The Missing All, prevented Me)

Contents xxxiii

3001 3 002 3 002 3 003 3 003 3 003 3003 3 004 3 005 3006 3006 3 006 3006 3 007 3 007 3008 3 008 3008 3010 3011 3011 3012 3013 3015 3015 3015 3017 3018 3019 3 020 3020 3020 3020 3021 3021 3 022

3 023

3025

[A narrow Fellow in the Grass] [Perception of an object costs] [Title divine-is mine!] [The Bustle in a House) [Revolution is the Pod) [Tell all the Truth but tell it slant-] [He preached upon “Breadth” till it argued him narrow-) [Not with a Club, the Heart is broken] [What mystery pervades a well!] [A Counterfeit-a Plated Person-] [“Heavenly Father”-take to thee] [A Route of Evanescence] [The Bible is an Antique Volume-] [Volcanoes be in Sicily] [Rearrange a “Wife’s” affection!] [To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee]

To Abiah Root (January 29,1850) To Austin Dickinson (October 17, 1851) To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson) (late April 1852) To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson) (June 27, 1852) To Samuel Bowles (about February 1861) To recipient unknown (about 1861) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (date uncertain) To T. W. Higginson (April 15,1862) To T. W. Higginson (April 25,1862) To T. W. Higginson (June 7,1862) To T. W. Higginson (July 1862) To Mrs. J. G. Holland (early May 1866) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1870) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1870) To T. W. Higginson (1876) To Otis P. Lord [rough draft] (about 1878) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1878) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (early October 1883) To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1884)

Letters

Permissions Acknowledgements

Index