The Height of Imperialism

World History – Mr. Heaps

Livingstone in Africa• In 1841, Scottish _______ &

____________ David Livingstone began to explore central & southern Africa.

• Livingstone’s goal was to find locations for ___________ _________.

• In Britain, Livingstone’s exploits of Africa made him a _______.

• Livingstone’s books & lectures about the _________ of Africa, contradicted what most people thought of the continent.

• Livingstone tried to persuade Britain to send _______________ & ___________ to Africa as to civilize the continent.

doctormissionary

Christian missions

hero

beauty

missionaries merchants

Imperialism

• In the 19th century, European nations began to view ________ & ________ societies as the following:

1. A source of industrial _____ ________.

2. A ________ for Western manufactured goods.

• Instead of cloves, pepper, tea, & silk, European factories were sent to Africa & Asia for ______, ______, _______, & other industrial resources.

African Asian

raw materials

market

oil tin rubber

Imperialism• European states began an

intense scramble for overseas ___________.

• Imperialism – The extension of one nation’s _______ over other lands.

• Instead of setting up trading posts, “new imperialist” European nations sought ______ ________ over vast territories.

territories

power

directcontrol

Reasons for Imperialism

1. As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies in order to gain an ___________ over their ________.

2. Colonies were a source of national __________. According to Social Darwinists, nations that did not set their mark upon “barbarian lands” were not considered _____ or ____________.

3. Some European _______ saw themselves as superior and other races as __________.

4. Some Europeans felt they had a moral responsibility to ___________ primitive people. This was known as the “____________________.”

advantagerivals

prestige

fit victoriousraces

inferior

civilizewhite man’s burden

Chart & Geography Skills • Look at the map of Europe in 1900 on page 405 and

the chart on page 430. Name 3 European countries that did not try to take control of territories in Asia or Africa.

• Study the map on page 431. Which two European nations had the most territory in southeast Asia in 1900?

• On the map on page 431, Thailand is located between possessions owned by ________ & _______. What status did these two countries agree to leave Thailand as? (p. 432)

• What raw materials did the Philippines provide the united States?

Switz., Aust.-Hung., Russia, Sweden, Norway

The Netherlands (Dutch) & Great Britain

BritainFrance

Timber, sugar, coffee

As a buffer state

Colonial Takeover in SE Asia

• In 1800, only the Spanish _________ and the Dutch ___________ were ruled by Europeans.

• By 1900, the entire area was under ___________ rule.

PhilippinesEast Indies

Western

British Empire in 1900

By 1900, Great Britain was the greatest Imperial power in the world.

Great Britain in SE Asia• Sir Thomas Stamford

Raffles of Great Britain established the colony of _________ on a small island off the coast of the ________ Peninsula.

• In the new age of steamships, Singapore, aka the “city of the ______”, was a major stopping point for traffic going to and from _________.

Singapore

Malay

Lion

China

British Colonial Rule in SE Asia • Britain also advanced

into SE Asia into the kingdom of ________, present day Myanmar. Britain wanted control of Burma in order to protect its possessions in India.

• Britain also sought a land route through Burma into South ________.

Burma

China

France in SE Asia• To stop ________ advancement

into Vietnam, France forced the Vietnamese in 1857 to accept French protection.

• France made the Vietnamese Empire a French ____________.

• By 1887, France extended its colonial power over Vietnam, Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, & Laos, into a Union of French _____________.

British

protectorate

Indochina

Thailand - The Exception• Imperial rivalry between

_______ & _______ threatened to place Thailand (then Siam) under colonial rule.

• Rulers of Siam, ______ _________ and his son, were able to resist colonial rule by maintaining friendly relations with European powers.

• Britain and France agreed to maintain Thailand as an independent ________ state between their SE Asian possessions.

THAILAND

Britain France

KingMongkut

buffer

United States in SE Asia• After Commodore _______ ________defeated the

Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in 1898, President William McKinley decide to turn the _____________ into a U.S. colony for two reasons:

1. To prevent the area from falling into the hands of ________.

2. The islands were a convenient jumping-off point for trade with _________.

• ________ ___________, a leader for independence in the Philippines, led a revolt against the Spanish in the Philippines and established himself as the president of the Republic of the Philippines. He continued the revolt against the U.S. but was ultimately defeated.

See Video Clip

George Dewey

Philippines

Japan

ChinaEmilio Aguinaldo

Indirect v. Direct Rule• Western imperial powers governed their colonial

possessions by either direct or indirect rule.• Their purpose was to exploit the _________

__________ of these lands and open new _______.– _________ Rule – allowed local rulers to maintain

their positions of ________ and _______. It had less effect on local culture and lowered the cost of government.

– _________ Rule – used when local elites resisted foreign conquest. ________ were removed from power & replaced with a new set of officials from the ________ country.

naturalresources markets

Indirectauthority status

DirectLocals

mother

Colonial Economies• Colonial governments did not want their colonies to

develop their own __________.

– Reason 1: They wanted their colonies to supply the mother country with ______ __________.

– Reason 2: They wanted their colonies to serves as __________ for their manufactured goods.

• In many cases some form of ____________ system was used in which ________ worked as wage laborers on plantations owned by foreign investors.

• Plantation owners often kept wages at _________ level as to increase their profits.

• Thousands died because of _________ plantation conditions

industries

raw materials

markets

plantationpeasants

poverty

unhealthy

Major exports from SE Asia

• Burma - ____________

• Malaya - _______________

• East Indies - ______________________

• Philippines - ___________

Teak wood

Rubber & Tin

Spices, tea, coffee, palm oil

sugar

Benefits of Colonial Rule

• Colonial rule led to the beginnings of a modern ___________ system.

• Colonial governments built _________ & _________ that could benefit native people as well as colonials.

• The development of an export market led to the creation of a new class of ___________ in rural areas.

economic

railroadshighways

entrepreneurs

Resistance to Western Domination

• Resistance to Colonial rule occurred in three areas:

1. Resistance from the existing __________ class.

2. Resistance in the form of _________ revolts, because of being driven off their lands to make way for plantation agriculture.

3. Resistance based on the force of ______________ from a new ______-________ class that had been created by colonial rule and educated in _________-style schools.

ruling

peasant

nationalism urban middle

Western