THE HISTORICAL EXPANSION OF PRIVATE

FOREST (HUTAN RAKYAT) IN GUNUNG

KIDUL DISTRICT YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE

W. Wardhana, A.Bomantara and S.F Sugiarto 1)

Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University

Author email : wwardhana@ugm.ac.id

Phone and Whatsapp : +628122956957

FOREST MANAGEMENT IN JAVA

HP : Perum Perhutani,

Local Government(1

4,1%) HL : Perum Perhutani, Local

Government (5,4%)

HK : Forest Conservation

Office (BKSDA), National Park

(3,8%) Hutan rakyat :

Private / Community (?)

BRIEF ABOUT PRIVATE OR COMMUNITY

FOREST

Tree Outside Forest (FAO)

Agroforestry forms

Planted and managed by a farmer (land owner) sometimes managed by the community (at sub village level or cooperative institution)

Harvested depend on farmer demand (wish) (PKHR, 1999)

It Supplies more than 70% of wood raw materials to furniture industry, plywood industry etc. in Java (based on LPF Project 2005)

OBJECTIVE

Develop the baseline of Private Forest as a starting point of next further research at more Higher detail (District Level)

Find The relation between LC (remote sensing terminology) and LU (field site terminology)

Understand the historical development of Private Forest based on Remote Sensing Change Detection Analysis since 1970’s up to 2010’s (40 years)

METHODS

Remote Sensing Change Detection focus on Private / Community Forest removed the state forest in analysis --- Post Processed Analysis (Jensen, 2004)

Each image is classified independently, reducing preprocessing need Resulting classifications are compared to identify change Change detection results affected by accuracy of input classifications

Data Collected (use any available data) Landsat Data 1970s/80s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010

EO-ALI (free available) 2006, 2009, 2010

ALOS AVNIR (15m) and SPOT (10m) for multistage sampling

Google Earth Georeferenced Stiched Images for multistage sampling

Each imageries (groups) were classified based on Landuse/Landcover standard (23 classes) - Ministry of Forestry (MoF)

Private/Community forest land uses are being selected under the basis of on standard (MoF) terminology and the definition to be analysed in relation with the field fact

Sampling Design Strategy to answer relation LC and LU

DATASETS AVAILABLE

SELECTED LANDUSE/LANDCOVER TYPE:

Using Remote Sensing Data is always limit in spatial context (pixel) which

representation the form of vegetation configuration in the field. In general

the form of private / community forest in the field is based on agroforestry

implementation, therefore we only consider some selected

landuse/landcover type as following list

Dryland Forested area ≈ Alas (full trees mixed species sometimes

mixed with crops but small area)

Forest Plantation ≈ Alas (full trees one or more species and age)

Dryland Agriculture ≈ Tegalan (trees mixed with crops managed)

Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrub ≈ Tegalan (tree mixed with crops

managed)

Shrub ≈ Alas (full trees spreaded and low potency – un managed well)

Perkebunan ≈ Alas (full trees single age and single species)

Identify the landcover types that has wooded

vegetation

Identify the wooded vegetated type vs

non wooded vegetated type

Water body

Removed the State Forest Area

Private Forest Identification

PRIVATE / COMMUNITY FOREST

LANDUSE TYPE VS A VIEW FROM

IMAGERY

Private forest

landuse type :

Tipe Alas

-Dryland Forested area ≈ Alas (full trees mixed species sometimes mixed with

crops but small area)

SPOT 5 XS (10)

ALOS AVNIR (10m)

Landsat TM (30m)

TIPOLOGI HUTAN RAKYAT VS

KENAMPAKAN VISUAL CITRA

SPOT5 XS (10)

ALOS AVNIR (10m)

Private forest

landuse type:

Tipe Tegalan

Landcover/landuse terminology : –Forest Plantation ≈ Alas (full trees one or more species and age) –Dryland Agriculture ≈ Tegalan (trees mixed with crops managed) –Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrub ≈ Tegalan (tree mixed with crops managed

Setllement -

mixed

Dryland mixed with

shrubs Dryland agricultyre

Private forest

landuse type :

home garden

mixed

Landsat TM (30m) Shrubs

GROUNDCHECK AND SAMPLING DESIGN (STRATIFIED MULTISTAGE SAMPLING STRATEGY)

Figure 4.3. An Example of Multi stage sampling design using Google

Earth Premium Imageries. It shows a relation between landcover

category and landuse category (field).

Home Garden

Dryland

Agriculture

Settlement

Landcover

Total sample

(points)

plots

Settlements (Pm) 20

Dryland Agriculture (Pt) 31

Dryland Agriculture mixed with

shrubs (Pc) 39

Total 90

W. Wardhana, A. Bomantara and S.F

Sugiarto 2011

SOME RESULTS

AND DISCUSSIONS

12.5m

DEM

EO-ALI

Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrubs = Alas

Kelas pertanian lahan kering campur semak merupakan pendekatan terhadap terminologi alas.

Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kelas ini berada jauh dari areal

pemukiman dan tidak terlihat aktivitas pertanian yang intensif.

Berdasarkan data lapangan, pola tanam full trees memiliki persentase 25,64% dan 74,36%

untuk pola tanam alley cropping . Pola tanam full trees terdistribusi secara teratur maupun

acak dengan jarak tanam yang tidak tentu. Disisi lain, Pola tanam alley cropping yang ada di

kelas ini tidak terlalu memperlihatkan aktivitas pertanian yang intensif, yaitu menanam jenis

tanaman pangan ketela pohon diantara semak belukar.

S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

Dryland Agriculture = Tegalan

Terminologi tegalan diidentifikasi melalui pendekatan kelas penutupan lahan pertanian lahan kering. Tegalan

berada pada lokasi yang tidak terlalu jauh dari pemukiman dan memperlihatkan aktifitas pertanian

dengan intensifitas yang tinggi.

Pola tanam yang digunakan pada kelas ini adalah alley cropping (77,42%), trees along border (19,35%),

dan full trees (3,23%). Intensifitas kegiatan pertanian yang tinggi terlihat dari tidak adanya semak belukar

diantara tanaman pangan yang dibudidayakan. Untuk daerah dengan kelerangan datar memanfaatkan pola

tanam trees along border. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktifitas pertanian dilakukan sangat intensif dimana

vegetasi berkayu ditanam pada batas-batas kepemilikan lahan saja.

S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

Settlements = Home garden

Areal pemukiman menjadi areal potensial hutan rakyat yang dikenal dengan terminologi pekarangan.

Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, vegetasi berkayu berada di sekeliling rumah (trees along

border).

Pola tanam yang digunakan pada kelas ini adalah trees along border (100%). Berdasarkan

pengamatan di lapangan, ada dua tipe pemanfaatan lahan di pekarangan, yaitu menanam vegetasi

berkayu di sekeliling rumah tanpa tanaman pangan dan menanam vegetasi berkayu disertai dengan

penanaman tanaman pangan. Pada dasarnya kedua pilihan ini tergantung pada kondisi lahan dan

kondisi sosial-ekonomi pemilik rumah. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui

fenomena tersebut. S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

A RELATION BETWEEN LANDCOVER (REMOTE SENSING VIEWS) AND LANDUSE

(FIELD GROUND SAMPLING VIEWS)

S.F Sugiarto (2011)

From groundcheck data analysis

We found that

1. settlements class are equal

with home garden type in the

field (90%) correct

2. Dryland Agriculture class as

Dryland Agriculture type

(tegalan) (93.6% correct)

3. Dryland agriculture mixed with

shrubs as Dryland agriculture

but dominated with full trees

or mixed with woody planted

but not managed well (97.4%

correct)

HISTORICAL CHANGE IN MAPS

1970s 1980s 1990 2000 2010

EXPANSION OF PRIVATE FOREST IN MAPS

1970 1980 1990

2000 2010

HISTORICAL CHANGE IN LULC AREA

LULC Area

Change Total per

10 years period

Addition of New

Private Forest

1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010

BRIEF IN DETAIL HISTORICAL CHANGE IN

MAPS (EACH PER 10 YEARS PERIOD)

1970-1980 1980-1990

1990-2000 2000-2010

HISTORICAL MAGNITUDE OF LULC CHANGE IN GRAPHICAL FIGURES

(PER 10 YEARS PERIOD)

1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010

BRIEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FOREST BASED ON

ZONING (GEOMORPHO MAPS) USING 2010 DATA

15,0

46,6

8,2

31,9

38,2

31,6

53,1

15,2

60,2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Batur Agung Ledoksari Kapur Selatan

Perse

nta

se (

% )

Zona

Diagram Kelas Penutupan Lahan di Tiga Zona Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Pemukiman (Pm)

Pertanian Lahan Kering (Pt)

Pertanian Lahan Kering Campur Semak (Pc)

LAST REMARKS

The multistage sampling strategy using link between medium resolution and higher resolution imageries can give a links between landcover terminology and landuse terminology in the context of explaining and identification of Private Forest.

The Post change processed methods can explain the historical change of Private forest

Historical change analysis shows and prove the existing of Private Forest and Expanded way as part of the environment, economic and social dynamic in Gunung Kidul Districts How can we learnt and have some lesson how we can managed our environment (from bareland up to green)

In case in Gunung Kidul compare with State Forest area (2%), it is true that the landcover in Gunung Kidul District is dominated by the Private Forest Landcover

BEFORE IT ENDS.....>>>>>

NEXT HOMEWORK

Adding the model for estimating the C-Stock (ton/Ha) per LULC Dynamic of C-Stock (Model

for REL)

Develop the LULC Model to understand the phenomena (Some LULC model available)

Cellular Automata Model

Agent Based Model

Farmer decision

Socio-economic factors

Crop management

LULC

Ex

tern

al

fa

cto

rs

SOME EXAMPLE

PEKARANGAN

TEGALAN

ALAS

0.00

500000.00

1000000.00

1500000.00

2000000.00

Vol. Minimal (m³)

Vol. Maksimal (m³)

Vol. Minimal (m³) Vol. Maksimal (m³)

PEKARANGAN 351251.06 491065.98

TEGALAN 810236.79 987191.99

ALAS 1292834.53 1603053.58

GRAFIK TAKSIRAN POTENSI VOLUME HUTAN RAKYAT

SOME EXAMPLE

C-Stock Calculation (from Ground Measurement) and Allometric Equation (Average) (W. Wardhana and S.F. Sugiarto, 2012)

Settlements 23.86 ton/ha

Dryland Agriculture 20.80 ton/ha

Dryland Agriculture mixed with Shrubs 31.42 ton/ha

REL General Estimation (since 70s or 80s) using Historical adjusted or Forward Looking Model – Future can be interesting as a case especially for Java.