the history of englisc (that would be english in 2011)
TRANSCRIPT
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The History of Englisc
(That would be English in 2011)
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Indo European Languages
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Influences on English
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Old English ~ CE 450-1066
Celtic Influences – cradle, griddle, glen and whisky
Latin influences (Roman) (part 1)
- occupied Britannia for 350 years
- Latin also in languages of Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Angles, Saxons, Jutes
- invaded Britannia starting around CE 450
- from what is now The Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark
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Anglo-Saxon -> Englisc (Old English)
CE 597 Christianity arrives- Latin (part 2)- Priests also wrote in Anglo-
Saxon CE 700 language called Englisc CE 827 King Egbert
renamed Britannia – Engla-land Englisc words that have survived
bedd, eorth, moder, nama, healp, mann, and waeter
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Beowulf
Da com of more under mist-hleopum
Grendel gongan godes yrre baer
Mynte se man-scao manna cynnes
Sumne besywan in sel pam hean.
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Beowulf
Da com of more under mist-hleopumOut from the marsh, from the foot of misty
hillsGrendel gongan godes yrre baerGrendel came bearing the hatred of the godsMynte se man-scao manna cynnesHoping to kill any human beingSumne besywan in sel pam hean.She could trap in the high hall.
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The Norman Invasion
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Middle English – CE 1066-1485
CE 1066 – Norman ConquestWilliam the ConquererBattle of Hastings
CE 1066 – 1366 French - Official Languagegovernment, art, society
Englisc – peasant language
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Middle English – CE 1066-1485
French words flood the English Language
e.g. parliament, armour, prisoner, chivalry,tournament, penance
Englisc still used by peasantsEnglisc French (polite)pig pork (porc)cow beef (boeuf)
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Chaucer – The Canterbury Tales1380
Whan that Aprill with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
And bathed every veyne in swich licour
Of which vertu engendred is the flour
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Chaucer – The Canterbury Tales1380
Whan that Aprill with his shoures sooteWhen in April the sweet showers fallThe droghte of March hath perced to the
rooteAnd pierce the drought of March to the root,
and allAnd bathed every veyne in swich licourThe veins are bathed in liquor of such powerOf which vertu engendred is the flourAs brings about the engendering of the
flower
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Oxford UniversityOldest English Language University in the
World – dates from the 11th Century CE
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Technology Changes EnglishThe Printing Press
1456 – Johannes Gutenberg (Germany)- moveable type
1474 – William Caxton (England)
English becomes more fixed and less phonetic
Printed books become dramatically cheaper- more readers
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The Great Vowel Shift ~ 1400-1600
The pronunciation of vowels shifted
Before the Shift
i pronounced “ee” “bit” pronounced “beet”
e pronounced “ey” “meet” pronounced “meyeyt”
ea pronounced “ay” “meat” pronounced “mayt”
u pronounced as “u” in put
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The Renaissance New interest in Latin and Greek Sciences
Translation into English
No English words existed to adequately express some ideas – Latin and Greek words added to English at a frantic pace
About 65% of words in modern English dictionaries are of Latin or Greek origin.
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Latin & Greek InfluencesLatin or Greek
English Words
struere, to build up structure, constructionreconstruct, constructive
credere, to believe discredit, creditor, incredible, credulous
monere, to warn admonish, premonition, monitor
monos, one monogamy, monotheism,monologue, monopoly
poly, many polyglot, polygon, polytheism
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Modern English 1600 -
Shakespeare
Major dramatist, poet
Used 20,138 different words in his writing
1,700 had never been used before
He invented about 8.5% of his vocabulary
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Shakespeare’s Words
aerial, bedroom, frugal, generous, lapse,
critic, amazement, gloomy, bump,
amazement, assassination, dislocate,
laughable, hurry, sneak, exposure,
baseless, courtship, impartial,
majestic, useless, pious
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Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary - 1775
Defined 43,000 words
Supported them with more than 114,000
e.g.
Dedication. A servile address to a patron
Gambler. (a cant word, I suppose, for game, or gamester) a knave whose practice it is to invite the unwary to game and cheat them.
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Exploration ~ Colonialism1400 - 1900
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The Sun Never Sets ~
In the late 1800s, the British Empire, controlled one quarter of the world and
was present on every continent.
English -> foreign languages
Foreign languages -> English
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~ on the British Empire
Adopted WordsIndia bandanna, bungalow, calico,
cashmere, cot, curry, polopajama
Asia gingham, indigo, mango, typhoon
Africa banana, boorish, gorilla, gumbo, zebra, okra
Canada moccasin, raccoon, squash, toboggan, kayak, parka, wigwam
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Canadian, eh!
British Canadianlift elevatorpram strollerchemist drugstoredust bin garbage canqueue up line upmacintosh raincoatsweets candiescrisps potato chipschips fries
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Today’s Technology
Alexander Graham BellElectromagnetic Telephone - 1876
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Today’s Technology
Reginald A. Fessenden
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Today’s Technology
Reginald A. FessendenInvented AM Radio in 1906
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Today’s Technology
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Today’s Technology
The First Television
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Today’s Technology
Apple II – 1977 – First practical microcomputer available to public
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Today’s Technology
Printers – make self publishing possible
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Today’s Technology
Computer Language
Toolbar attachment modemMenu internet downloade-mail login virusBrowser web MouseWeb site hotlinks pop-upsBookmark scroll bar search
engine
- words that mean something else in another context
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Today’s Technology
The Cellphone
First Cellphone CallApril 3, 1973
First Commercial CellphoneMotorola – 1983
Weight - 831g, (28 Amer. Oz.)
Cost - $3,500 US
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Today’s Technology
Smart Phones
Text
Internet
Photographs
Videos
Scheduling
Voice
Potential bankruptcy
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Today’s Technology
A New Language?
omg! tmi!1
1 – a student’s reaction to this presentation