the history of immigration to america: the past to the present by: jeff bernadt
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The History of Immigration To America:
The Past to the Presentby: Jeff Bernadt
![Page 2: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Causes of Immigration
• America was built by Immigrants! * Colonial Immigration, Ellis Island, Today
Why Immigrants come to United States1. Religious persecution
2. Economic Reasons3. Political Turmoil
1880s: Americans needed immigrants to fill a growing number of factory jobs.
Change in European society also affects immigration:1. Population Increase2. Spread of commercial agriculture 3. Factory System
![Page 3: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Immigrants and Urban Settlements
• Although many immigrants settled in rural America, a great majority settled in cities.
• Largest Immigrant Cities of the Time:
** New York, Boston, Pittsburgh, and Chicago
• Five out of every six Irish and Russian Immigrants lived in cities
• Three out of four Italian and Hungarian Immigrants lived in cities
• Seven out of 10 English Immigrants came to cities
![Page 4: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why did European Immigrants Settle in Cities?• Many European Immigrants came with little money to buy farms or expensive farming equipment
• Farming was far different than in Europe
• Living in Cities gave Italians and Jewish people a chance to worship with others without persecution.
• Irish Immigrants lived In cities because farming reminded them of working the land at home ( English landlords kept Irish in oppression)
• Cities gave immigrants a chance to create their own mini-communities (Education, religion, community, and Education)
![Page 5: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Reactions of European Immigration
• Natives: In this context refers not to Indian tribes, but rather to Americans who, although their ancestors had been immigrants just generations before
• Initially Big Business was pro-immigration because it gave them a larger pool of workers.
• Eventually the workers would organize into unions and there would be instability in the workforce.
![Page 6: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Eugenics• Claimed that cultural and social patterns were a result of heredity, and hence controllable through selective breeding.
• Americans seized upon eugenics as a means of rationalizing their racism “scientifically”
• Eugenics could claim using science as evidence that some humans had inferior traits, thus causing our social problems
• At the time many believed that Eastern Europeans, African-Americans, Jews, Asians, Middle Eastern, and Indians were inferior and Eugenics gave them the proof.
![Page 7: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ellis Island1. Countries of Origin:
* England, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Hungary, Armenia, Poland, Turkey, Romania, Russia, Greece, Caribbean
2. We were competing with other countries for Immigrants- Canadians, Australians, Brazilians, Argentineans, South Africans
3. American Businesses literally advertised for Immigrants
* Everybody is rich, streets of gold, and even the maids have maids
* America would win the battle for immigrants due to higher wages and a desirable political system
Towards the end of the 1890s there would be a need to slow immigration
* Steam Boat companies now had to screen people they brought over
![Page 8: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why Ellis Island? • Prior to the Ellis Island years immigration was controlled by individual states.
• 1840-1860s: First large wave of immigration to U.S
* New York Population from 400,000 to 1 million in 20 years
* Castle Garden: New York’s idea for an immigration station to control strong influx of immigration.
* 1882: U.S. government took control of Immigration
• They were worried we would become the world’s hospital or poor house. There needed to be immigration control.
•Ellis Island opens January 1, 1892
![Page 9: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ellis Island
1. Ellis Island has been called the “Isle of hope and tears.”
2. It was the place that many “dreamers, seekers, and escapees” started a new life.
3. 1892-1954: Ellis Island was the United States main principle immigration station.
** During this 62 year period 12 million passed through the doors of Ellis Island (75% of total immigration)
** 4 out of every 10 Americans can trace ancestry through Ellis Island
![Page 10: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Images of Ellis Island
![Page 11: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Images of Ellis Island
• US Inspectors examining eyes of Immigrants
•Air View From Ellis Island
![Page 12: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
History of U.S. Immigration Policy
![Page 13: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Statue of Liberty Inscription
“Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddledMasses yearning to breather free. TheWretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, the tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”
Emma Lazarus 1886
![Page 14: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A Historical Look at Immigration
• 1820-Today: 65 Million immigrants have entered the country.• 1820-1880: Most from Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany. • 1880-1890: 40% or 26 million. (Italy, Russia, A.H., Poland) • 1980s: 9.5 Million• 1990s: 13 Million • 2001: More than 1 million immigrants entered the country• Today the U.S population is reaching 290 Million People.
– Many argue that we should no longer accept immigrants– Others point out that we need the energy and skills of
newcomers. – What about the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01
** Immigrants have always been met with apprehension, but we have always had jobs to fill.
** People are seeking jobs and a better life.
![Page 15: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why has the U.S been attractive to newcomers?
• There has always been land to settle and jobs to fill.
- Europe during the Industrial Revolution* Shift from agriculture* Rising Population * Diseases
- U.S.* Needed people to fill factory jobs* Expanding West * Railroad Workers
• Today: Hispanic Immigrants are the largest immigrant group - Poor economy in many of these countries of origin- Immigrants seek employment and a better life.
![Page 16: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What types of Work?• Historically immigrants have competed for jobs with lower
wages and more difficult working conditions. - Many labor unions agree that new immigrant groups lower wages and prevent working conditions from improving. - This sentiment is reflected in the attitudes of blue-collar workers throughout history.
* 1860s: Railroad workers (1882 Chinese Exclusion Act)* Present Day: Labor intensive and some trade
positions- Meat Packing Plants- Factory Positions- Construction (Could include specific trades)
* Who favors immigration: - Big Business- Large Farmers
![Page 17: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What types of Work?• Historically immigrants have competed for jobs with lower
wages and more difficult working conditions. - Many labor unions agree that new immigrant groups lower wages and prevent working conditions from improving. - This sentiment is reflected in the attitudes of blue-collar workers throughout history.
* 1860s: Railroad workers (1882 Chinese Exclusion Act)* Present Day: Labor intensive and some trade
positions- Meat Packing Plants- Factory Positions- Construction (Could include specific trades)
* Who favors immigration: - Big Business- Large Farmers
![Page 18: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Resistance to Immigration
• The Demand for Immigrants determined by: - Economy- War
• 14th Amendment: Established citizenship based on birth in the United States (Including African Americans)
• Since we have had several requirements: - Literacy Tests
- Eugenics- Exclusion Acts (Chinese) - Removal (1930s: Mexican Americans)
- Quotes: The number of immigrants per year- Today: If new immigrants want to become citizens they must fulfill the requirements of naturalization.
![Page 19: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What types of Work?• Historically immigrants have competed for jobs with lower
wages and more difficult working conditions. - Many labor unions agree that new immigrant groups lower wages and prevent working conditions from improving. - This sentiment is reflected in the attitudes of blue-collar workers throughout history.
* 1860s: Railroad workers (1882 Chinese Exclusion Act)* Present Day: Labor intensive and some trade
positions- Meat Packing Plants- Factory Positions- Construction (Could include specific trades)
* Who favors immigration: - Big Business- Large Farmers
![Page 20: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Steps to Naturalization • Step 1: File a Declaration of Intention
- Can be done anytime after entering the U.S - States that the immigrant intends to become a U.S citizen- Most will wait 5 years to take the next step. - During this time they may take classes to prepare
• Step 2: File an application for Naturalization - Must be at least 18 years old- INS will review this application, this process takes several months
• Step 3: If application is approved, there is an appointment to meet with an immigration examiner - Examiner decides if immigrant is qualified- Asks the immigrant questions, in English
• Step 4: Brief Court Appearance -Take oath of loyalty to U.S - Now they are a citizen - If the immigrant has children under 18, those children are automatically citizens
![Page 21: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Immigration Today• Today: Most immigration from the South
- -11% of the U.S population of is foreign born- Poor Mexican Economy - Political Oppression - Sub-standard living conditions
** U.S. is assisting Mexico with economy by trading goods and services • Issues with Immigration:
- Health Care- Welfare (Illegal Immigrants are 40% of California’s public assistance budget) - Crime- Education: 1982 Supreme Court ruled that U.S must educated illegal aliens
* 350,000 illegal immigrants per year (40% in California, Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois) ** Not all illegal immigrants sneak into the country, many are students, business people, and workers who stay longer than expected.
![Page 22: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Both Sides of the Argument
Pro Immigration:+ Business Leaders+ Big Farmers+ 12% of immigrants
earn graduate degrees v. 8% of native born population
+ Bring new energy and vigor to cities and business
Con Immigration:- 1/3 do not have a high
school diploma. This is more than twice as much as native born.
- Unskilled workers bring down wages (Unions)
- U.S. is robbing other countries of their talented people.
![Page 23: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Recent Immigration Laws
• 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act- Penalties on employers for knowingly hiring illegal workers (Not Effective) - Granted citizenship to those illegals currently in the country- Ronald Reagan thought this would curb illegal immigration, but it only would increase.- New immigrants flooded the country hoping to be granted citizenship
![Page 24: The History of Immigration To America: The Past to the Present by: Jeff Bernadt](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d885503460f94a6cb72/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Recent Immigration LawsImmigrant Act of 1990:
- Raised quote from 290,000 (1965) to 675,000 immigrants.
What type of people were allowed into the country?1. Family Members of legal residents or citizens (71%) 2. Well trained workers (21%)
3. Immigrants from under represented countries (8%) 1996: Illegal Immigration Reform:
- Reduction in the number of immigrants into the country.- This law would also crack down on the number of illegal immigrants into the country. - Gave INS more power for deportation (Deportation doubled)