the history of modern jazz
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The History of Modern Jazz
By Christian Cail
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Jazz Roots
When African slaves were brought to America they brought
their rhythm. Some masters allowed slaves to meet up and
play for them for money, for extra food, etc. This tradition was
continued after slavery in new Orleans. Black African music
developed as slavery was abolished and as time went by.European classical music is another style of music that has left
a huge imprint on jazz, especially as far as harmony is
concerned.
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Ragtime and New Orleans
Ragtime was a music that developed in the late 1800s and
was played at minstrel shows and vaudeville shows. Its was
music for the lower classes.
New Orleans also had a huge impact on jazz. Brass and string
bands became popular especially for lower classes.
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Blues
Blues music grew before jazz, but developed alongside jazz
and changed just as much as jazz did and still does. Jazz and
Blues have continued to influence each other. Ornette
Coleman, Albert Ayler, and Horace Silver are just a few jazzers
who used the blues to express themselves.
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Charles Mingus Hog Callin' Blues
Heres an example of a jazz song that employs the blues feel
alongside scat singing. This song came off the album Oh Yeah
in 1962.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Oh-Yeah-Cover.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5s -
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Heres Louis Armstrong alongside blues singer
Bessie Smith
Louis and Bessie
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Jelly Roll Morton
Pianist Jelly Roll Morton was a defining figure in jazz music.
He started off playing his music in the brothels of Storyville. In
the early 1900s he toured around America and even played in
North Carolina. He played in many of the large cities across
the U.S. and wrote many compositions.
He died on July 10th, 1941 from complications from asthma.
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Jelly Roll Morton
This song was to later be covered by rock bandHot Tuna.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSE -
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20s ad 30s
The jazz age had begun; Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington,
Fletcher Henderson, and many more left a huge impact on the
shape of jazz music and defined it for many. Many jazz
musicians backed blues singers like Bessie Smith and Ma
Rainey.
Swing music also appeared in the 30s. Swing consisted of big
bands like that of Duke Ellington or Count Basie. Some
musicians like Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Christian,
and Lester Young began to look further than just swing.
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Duke Ellington
Pianist Duke Ellington is one of the greatest composers of all
time. He influenced all of jazz that came after him from
Charles Mingus to John Coltrane. He worked at the Cotton
Club in the late 20s. From 1932 to 1942 his was thriving. He
was also very connected with classical music which bled overinto his jazz compositions.
Caravan-Duke Ellington
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggk -
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The Next Step; Bebop
In the 1940s some musicians were looking for more
harmonically and rhythmically advanced music. This music
would end up being called Be-Bop.
The leaders were altoist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy
Gillespie. Many musicians like pianist Thelonious Monk,
guitarist Charlie Christian, saxophonist Lester Young, and
trumpeter Clifford Brown also played the music and were
expanding the boundaries of jazz.
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Thelonious Monk
Monk was under all circumstances an oddball. He took heroin,
sang off key along with his piano improvisations, and danced
in trace-like circles leaving his bassist at the time to have all
the harmonic burdens. Monk was a genius though and his un-
classical throbbing piano style was unmatched and unable tocopy. He was a mastermind and his music although much of it
was written in the 40s wasnt excepted until the 60s. He was
one of the founders of Be-Bop.
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Bemsha Swing
Bemsha Swing is a great example of Monks odd compositions.
This is a live recording. Woah!! Remember when live music
was actually good!?!?! The great Charlie Rouse on Tenor Sax.
Dancing Monk
Anthropology Charlie Parker
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjJYeCYO-hAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuItUv9xZc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuItUv9xZc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjJYeCYO-hAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozE -
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Hard Bop
Hard Bop music grew from a classic rebound to the softer and
whiter Cool Jazz on the West Coast. Hard Bop, which
developed in the 50s, was a bit harder hitting and although
played by Be-Boppers it had many elements of what was to
become funk, soul, while taking a lot of inspiration form blues.Art Blakeys jazz Messengers were group carrying the torch
for the music. Art had played with Charlie Parker as well.
Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis, Lee Morgan, and Horace Silver are
just a few jazzers known to play this style of jazz. They all haddirect connections with Be-Bop.
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Moanin'
This was a composition by Bobby Timmons.
The night this song was written was the very night they played
it live.
Lee Morgan
This next track was written by none other than Dizzy Gillespie.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99U3Omgh8z8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99U3Omgh8z8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549E -
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Modal Jazz
Modal jazz, originating in the late 50s, was inspired by
visionarys like George Russell whose approach was to use less
chords and have more time to explore the extensions of the
chord itself. Pianist Bill Evans, Alto Saxophone player Jackie
McLean, Miles Davis and John Coltrane adapted to this newstyle. But, lets not forget Miles Davis played with Charlie
Parker as well. John Coltrane also played with Dizzy Gillespie.
My point is that jazz music is always developing from jazz
musicians with direct ties to the past.
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So What Miles Davis
So what was a modal tune that only changed key signatures
twice. This was influenced by Bill Evans new modal approach
to piano. The album was Kind Of Blue(1959), a
groundbreaking jazz album.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6Rrkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6Rrk -
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Free Jazz/ Avant-Garde
Free Jazz, developing in the early 60s, abandoned chord
progressions, it abandoned some time signatures, and even
key signatures. This style of music was harsh and very heavy.
One pioneer in particular was Ornette Coleman. He stood his
ground for the music he loved to play and did not let up. JohnColtrane, Jackie McLean, Miles Davis, Cecil Taylor, Albert Ayler,
and Sonny Rollins are just a few musicians who excepted the
music and applied it to what they were doing.
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Lonely Woman
This tune came on Shape Of Jazz to Come in 1959. John
Coltrane, Jackie Mclean and others praised his work, while
Charles Mingus and Miles Davis though of it as noise.
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Got to have Freedom
Pharoah Sanders joined John Coltranes band in 1965. He
continued the sound after Trane's death in 1967. His name
was given to him by fellow Free Jazzer Sun Ra.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV5ObaaQCV0http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Pharoah_Sanders_photo.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV5ObaaQCV0 -
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You guys though Lady Gaga and Nicki Minaj
were weird.
Marshall Allen and Sun Ra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JboA9PumtDYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JboA9PumtDY -
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Mingus
I could not possibly find a place for Charles Mingus. His music
fits in no sub genre. He played jazz before Charlie Parker and
even played along him in the album Bird And Diz: Live At
Massey Hall. He had elements of Be-Bop, Swing, Blues, Folk
Music, and Free Jazz in his overall career. He was a pioneer,political activist, fighter, and a womanizer. He also
collaborated with Eric Dolphy who died in 1964. Dolphy was
another innovator in free jazz.
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Haitian Fight Song
This tune appeared on the album Mingus Mingus Mingus
Mingus Mingus in 1963.
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Jazz/Rock Fusion
Jazz fusion was a creation in the later 1960s that combined
rock and jazz elements together. Miles Davis, Return To
Forever, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Tony Williams Lifetime,
Cream, Allman Brothers Band, Santana, Grateful Dead, and
Soft Machine are just a few jazz fusion bands that arrived inthe 60s and 70s.
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The Mahavishnu Orchestra were made up of jazz players. For
instance John Mclaughlin played with Miles Davis. As did Billy
Cobham. Rick Laird played with Stan Getz and alongside
Sonny Rollins.
Mahavishnu Orchestra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=related -
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Soft Machine formed as a pop group with major psychedelic
tendencies. They backed Jimi Hendrix for a short while before
adopted an avant-garde sound.
Soft Machine
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Above and Beyond
Jazz had fused with rap, electronic music, Punk, Metal, and
Hip-Hop. Jazz has stayed current but unfortunately not in the
mainstream. Jazz will also be an underground music for
underdogs. Its heavier than metal but as soft as a morning
sunrise. So many people and walks of life can experience themusic and learn to love it and at least respect it.
Dave Fiuczynski and John Medeski
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQ -
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