the history of the world: 9th grade edition
DESCRIPTION
Review slide show for Global History and Geography 9R. All of the red underlined text are hyperlinks to videos on youtube.TRANSCRIPT
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The History of the World9th Grade Edition!
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3 Million BC
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Early Humans• First humans appear in Africa around
3,000,000 BC• They cross the Bering Strait to enter the
Americas• No written language• Nomads: Migrate to find food• Paleolithic- Old stone age• Find shelter in caves
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8000 BC: Neolithic Revolution
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The Neolithic Revolution• Beginning of civilization• People learned to plant food and
domesticate animals• Build permanent homes• Communities established
Reconstruction of a Neolithic House in Horton, England.
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Neolithic Advancements• CIVILIZATION!!!• Agriculture• Division of labor • Written Language• Money• Religion
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4000 BC: River Valley Civilizations
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Nile River: Egypt• Government: Pharaoh• Writing: Hieroglyphics• Architecture: Pyramids• Religion: Polytheistic
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Tigris and Euphrates River:Mesopotamia
• Government: City State• Writing: Cuneiform• Architecture: Ziggurats (temples)• Religion: Polytheism• Law: Code of Hammurabi
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Indus River: India• Writing: Not yet translated• Cities: Show evidence of central planning
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Yellow River: (Huang Ho)China
• Government: – Shang Dynasty = monarchy – Zhou = decentralized and feudal 3 philosophies
written• Religion: Ancestor Worship and animism
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Ancient Hebrews: 1400 BC
First Monotheistic culture. (Judaism)
Began in Babylon (Mesopotamia, not the town)
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Government: City States
• Athens: Democracy– Art literature, philosophy, trade
• Sparta: Oligarchy– a form of government in which power effectively
rests with a small elite segment of society
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Religion: • Polytheism
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Art and Architecture:
The Parthenon
Greek Statues
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Intellectual Acheivements:• Literature: Greek Tragedies• Philosophy: Humanism
– Socrates– Plato– Aristotle
• Math• Science• Medicine
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700 BC: The Roman Empire
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Government: Republic
• Senate• Citizens allowed to vote
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The Roman Military controlled large areas.
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Engineering• Built roads and Aqueducts
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Earliest System of Justice
12 Tables of
Roman Law
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Fall Of Rome
• Civil wars weakened country• Attacks form other nations
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600 AD: Islam
• The Prophet Muhammad starts Islam after having a vision of the Archangel Gabriel.
• Islam spreads, becoming a major world religion.
• Monotheistic
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Classical China
• Qin Dynasty: Legalism, great wall, unified writing system
• Han Dynasty: Adoption of Confucianism, civil service exams, largest Chinese Dynasty, falls just like Rome
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Classical India
• Emergence of Hinduism• Maurya Empire: conquers most of India, but
the caste system really provides order• Gupta Empire: Golden Age, Asoka, Buddhism
spreads
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1000 AD: Middle Ages, Europe
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Feudalism
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Religion: Christianity
• Church becomes more powerful
• Only the religious leaders can read and write.
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The Crusades
• War of the Cross
• Trying to reclaim the Holy Land
• Cultural diffusion and trade
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1500 AD: The Rise of EuropeEurope: A strong desire for knowledge
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A Time of Learning
• Modern languages develop: VERNACULAR
• Printing press spreads knowledge– More books printed– Books more
affordable.
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The Renaissance
Leonardo DaVinci
Michelangelo
William Shakespear
Niccolo Machiavelli
HUMANISM
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Religion• Protestant Reformation
King Henry VIII starts the Church of England when the Pope refuses to grant him an annulment.
Martin Luther: 95 Theses
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Science• Copernicus:
Heliocentric view of solar system
• Galileo: Telescope• Scientific method
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Exploration• Quest to find trade routes, spices!• Vasco da Gama: Sailed to India• Christopher Columbus sailed to
the Americas
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People of Central and South America
• Aztec– Controlled Mexico– Tribute empire:
Conquered people must pay
– Polytheistic– Human sacrifice– Capital city, Tenochtitlan,
built on a lake, protective causeways
• Inca– Controlled most of the
Andes mountains– Assimilated conquered
people– Extensive system of
roads and bridges– Polytheistic– Quipu, but no writing– Some human sacrifice
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The Encounter
• Spanish Conquistadors conquer Aztecs in Mexico and Inca in Andes Mountains– Superior technology (Guns,
Germs, and Steel)
Spanish Empire!