The HolocaustThe Holocaust

What happened?What happened?

When?When?

Why?Why?

What was it?What was it?

The Holocaust was the government planned The Holocaust was the government planned persecutionpersecution and murder of approximately six and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi’s. "Holocaust" is a million Jews by the Nazi’s. "Holocaust" is a Greek word meaning "Greek word meaning "sacrificesacrifice by fire." The by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were January 1933, believed that Germans were ""raciallyracially superiorsuperior" and that the Jews, "" and that the Jews, "inferiorinferior," ," were an were an alienalien threatthreat to the German racial to the German racial community. community.

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

OthersOthers During the During the eraera of the of the

Holocaust, German Holocaust, German authoritiesauthorities also also targetedtargeted other groups other groups because of their "racial because of their "racial inferiority": inferiority": Roma ( (GypsiesGypsies), ), the the disableddisabled, and some of the , and some of the SlavicSlavic peoples ( peoples (Poles, , Russians, and others). Other Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on groups were persecuted on politicalpolitical, , religiousreligious, and , and behavioralbehavioral groundsgrounds, among , among them them Communists, Socialists, Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and , and homosexuals. .

JewsJews

In 1933, the In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe was at over was at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Nazi Germany would that Nazi Germany would occupyoccupy or or influenceinfluence during during World War II. By 1945, the Germans and their . By 1945, the Germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out of every three killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the "European Jews as part of the "Final Solution ( (definedefine)," )," the Nazi the Nazi policypolicy to murder the Jews of Europe. to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a prioritypriority danger to Germany, were the first danger to Germany, were the first victimsvictims of Nazi of Nazi racism, other victims included some 200,000 Roma racism, other victims included some 200,000 Roma (Gypsies). At least 200,000 (Gypsies). At least 200,000 mentallymentally or or physicallyphysically disabled patients, mainly Germans, living in hospitals, disabled patients, mainly Germans, living in hospitals, were murdered in the so-called were murdered in the so-called Euthanasia Program ((definedefine). ).

Who is the Sub-HumanWho is the Sub-Human

What happenedWhat happened

In 1942, In 1942, massmass killing in killing in gas chambersgas chambers (with (with carbon monoxide carbon monoxide gas made by diesel engines) gas made by diesel engines) began at began at Belzec, , Sobibor, and Treblinka, all in , and Treblinka, all in Poland. As victims were "unloaded" from cattle Poland. As victims were "unloaded" from cattle cars, they were told that they had to be cars, they were told that they had to be disinfecteddisinfected in "showers." The Nazi and Ukrainian in "showers." The Nazi and Ukrainian guards sometimes shouted at and beat the guards sometimes shouted at and beat the victims, who were ordered to enter the victims, who were ordered to enter the "showers" with raised arms to allow as many "showers" with raised arms to allow as many people as possible to fit into the gas chambers. people as possible to fit into the gas chambers. The tighter the gas chambers were packed, the The tighter the gas chambers were packed, the faster the victims faster the victims suffocatedsuffocated. .

Images of the Holocaust

http://www.mikekemble.com/ww2/belsen.html

HomeworkHomework

Find and print a personal story of Find and print a personal story of someone who was in the holocaust. (1-2 someone who was in the holocaust. (1-2 pages)pages)

Read the story and come to class Read the story and come to class prepared to share a summary of the articleprepared to share a summary of the article

Have two statements on what you have Have two statements on what you have learned from this story and how it made learned from this story and how it made you feel.you feel.

Read the Personal StoriesRead the Personal Stories

Read the stories of Holocaust victims and answer the questions in your notebook.Read the stories of Holocaust victims and answer the questions in your notebook.

Death Camps: Google EarthDeath Camps: Google Earth

In The EndIn The End In the final months of the war, SS guards moved In the final months of the war, SS guards moved

camp camp inmatesinmates by train or on by train or on forcedforced marches, marches, often called “death marches,” in an often called “death marches,” in an attemptattempt to to preventprevent the Allied the Allied liberationliberation of large numbers of of large numbers of prisonersprisoners. As Allied forces moved across Europe . As Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of attacks against Germany, they in a series of attacks against Germany, they began to find and liberate began to find and liberate concentrationconcentration campcamp prisoners, as well as prisoners along the way by prisoners, as well as prisoners along the way by forced march from one camp to another. The forced march from one camp to another. The marches continued until May 7, 1945, the day marches continued until May 7, 1945, the day the German armed forces the German armed forces surrenderedsurrendered to the to the Allies. Allies.

The Effect On The World TodayThe Effect On The World Today In the result of the Holocaust, many of the In the result of the Holocaust, many of the

survivorssurvivors found found sheltershelter in displaced persons in displaced persons (DP) camps (DP) camps administeredadministered by the Allied powers. by the Allied powers. Between 1948 and 1951, almost 700,000 Jews Between 1948 and 1951, almost 700,000 Jews emigratedemigrated to Israel, including 136,000 Jewish to Israel, including 136,000 Jewish displaceddisplaced persons from Europe. Other Jewish persons from Europe. Other Jewish DPs emigrated to the United States and other DPs emigrated to the United States and other nations. The last DP camp closed in 1957. The nations. The last DP camp closed in 1957. The crimes during the Holocaust crimes during the Holocaust devastateddevastated most most European Jewish communities and European Jewish communities and eliminatedeliminated hundreds of Jewish communities in eastern hundreds of Jewish communities in eastern Europe entirely. Europe entirely.

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism today today

Rubric DevelopRubric Develop

The holocaust was an event that defined The holocaust was an event that defined WWII and its brutality. WWII and its brutality.

What was the holocaust and how did it What was the holocaust and how did it affect the lives of the German people?affect the lives of the German people?Use personal stories as evidenceUse personal stories as evidence Include facts and reasons behind anti-SemitismInclude facts and reasons behind anti-Semitism