The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 11.3 The language of anatomy

Bellwork Write these vocabulary words on your bell work sheet

2

1. Superior2. Inferior3. Anterior4. Posterior5. MedialIf you were absent Monday get the other 15 words from a class mate/ see absent folder for worksheet we did in class

Now with a partner define these. You can use your books, or your phone

Quiz: This Friday

4

Anatomical Position

▪ Anatomical Position:

• Used for the purpose of description

• Body is standing, the feet together, the arms to the side, and the head and eyes and palms of the hands facing forwards.

5

Anatomical Planes

▪ Anatomical Planes: Flat surfaces which pass through body parts–The Main Planes

1. Sagittal (parasagittal and midsagittal)

2.Frontal3.Transverse

6

Anatomical Planes

1. Sagittal: a cut made lengthwise (longitudinal) that divides the body into left and right halve–Midsagittal–Parasagittal

7

Anatomical Planes

2. Frontal Plane:

• A cut made lengthwise that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

8

Frontal

9

Anatomical Planes

3. Transverse Plane:

• Cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts (top and bottom)

• AKA a cross section

10

Transverse

11

1

2

3

12

Directional Terms

▪ Anterior(Ventral):Nearer or to the front of the body

Anterior1

1

13

Directional Terms

▪ Posterior(Dorsal):Nearer or to the back of the body

Anterior

2

Posterior2

14

Directional Terms

▪ Superior(Cranial):Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

Anterior

3

3Posterior

15

Directional Terms

▪ Inferior(Caudal):Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

Anterior

4

4

Posterior

16

Directional Terms

▪ Proximal:Nearest to the center of the body relative to another body part.

Examples: • the humerus is proximal to the radius• the femur is proximal to the tibia

• the shoulder is proximal to the elbow

17

Directional Terms

▪ Label proximal on your handout

7

1

56 4 3

2

18

Directional Terms

▪ Distal:

Examples: • the phalanges(fingers) are distal to the carpals(wrist)

Furthest from the center of the body relative to another body part

• the eyes are distal to the mouth • the knees are distal to the hip

19

Directional Terms

▪ Label proximal on your handout

1

56 4 3

2

20

Directional Terms

▪ Medial:

Examples: • the nose is medial to the eyes

Nearer to the midline

• the sternum is medial to the shoulder• the ears are medial to the shoulders

21

Directional Terms

▪ Label medial on your handout56 4 3

2

22

Directional Terms

▪ Lateral:

Examples: • the thumb is lateral to the pinky

Farther from the midline

• the lungs are lateral to the heart • the shoulders are

lateral to the ears

23

Directional Terms

▪ Label lateral on your handout4 4 3

2

24

Directional Terms

▪ Pair up

▪ Divide the directional term cards evenly and randomly

▪ Take some tape and put your directional terms onto your partner and vice versa

▪ Use the directions provided on this slide

a. Area distal to the kneeb. Area proximal to the

elbowc. Lateral to the big toed. Anterior side of the bodye. Posterior side of the bodyf. Area that is medial to the

shoulderg. Area that is superior to

the lungsh. Area that is inferior to

the heart

25

Body Cavities

▪ Dorsal Body Cavities:

• Cranial Cavity• Space inside the

skull• Contains the brain

• Spinal Cavity• Extends from the

cranial cavity down the vertebral column

• Contains the spinal cord

26

Body Cavities

▪ Ventral Body Cavities:

• Thoracic Cavity• The upper body

cavity that extends down to the diaphragm

• Abdominopelvic Cavity• Abdominal cavity• Pelvic cavity

27

Language of Anatomy

▪ Cranial:

▪ Cervical:

▪ Orbital:

▪ Nasal:

▪ Oral:

skull

neck

eye socketnose

mouth

28

Language of Anatomy

▪ Thoracic:

▪ Brachial:

▪ Acromial:

▪ Antebrachial:

▪ Carpal:

▪ Phalanges:

chest

arm

forearm

wrist

Fingers and toes

shoulder

29

Language of Anatomy

▪ Femoral:

▪ Patella:

▪ Tarsal:

thigh

knee capankle

30

Language of Anatomy

▪ Scapula:

▪ Vertebral:

▪ Dorsal:

▪ Gluteal:

▪ Sural:

shoulder blade

back

buttock

calf

spinal column

31

Language of Anatomy

▪ Abdominal:

▪ Buccal:

▪ Inguinal:

▪ Umbilical:

Anterior body trunk

Where thigh meets body trunk

bellybutton

Cheek