the human brain
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"One brain, two languages--educating our bilingual students in the light of Neuroscience“ Dr. Luz Mary Rincon. The human brain. Cerebral Cortex. Reception of spoken and written language. Brain Hemispheres. Cerebral Hemispheres. Connected by corpus collusumw. Right hemisphere. Processes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
"One brain, two languages--"One brain, two languages--educating our bilingual students educating our bilingual students
in the light of Neuroscience“in the light of Neuroscience“
Dr. Luz Mary RinconDr. Luz Mary Rincon
Cerebral Cerebral HemispheresHemispheres
Right hemisphere
Left Hemisphere(dominance for language)
Broca’s area (Paul Broca)
Wernicke’s area (Carl Wernicke)
Frontal lobe, above the Sylvian fissure
Between the parietal and the temporal lobe, below the Sylvian fissure
Production of grammatically correct sentences;high level syntactic structures; native intonation
Understanding and comprehension of spoken language;comprehension and production of meaning
Connected by corpus collusumw
Right Right hemispherehemisphere
Processes• Creativity, patterns, spatial awareness and context; awareness of second language learning; dominance for
procession of intonation (Sheila Humstein)
Functions
• Connected to left side of the body • Processes information more diffusely and simultaneously • Responsible for relational and mathematical operations• Specializes in recognizing places, faces, objects, and
nonverbal skills—music, visual, functions, artistic ability• Responsible for emotional and social needs; the seat of
passion and dreams• Responsible for gestures, facial movements, and body
language• understanding and remembering things we do and see • putting bits of information together to make an entire
picture
Processes• Speech, analysis, time, sequence
Functions
• Responsible for language acquisition and ability to speak languages;
• Processes information in a linear and sequential manner • Responsible for verbal expression, language functions and
capacity to use language meaningfully;• Responsible for invariable and arithmetic operations;• Specializes in recognizing words and numbers;• Does logical and analytical thinking;• memory for spoken and written messages;
• detailed analysis of information.
Left Left hemispherehemisphere
AphasiasAphasias
Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er...
hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday,
nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah
doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth...
yah
I called my mother on the television and did not
understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for
me to be young
AphasiaAphasia
loss or impairment of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to brain damage
AphasiasAphasias
• Left frontal lobe lesion—Broca’s aphasia
• Left posterior lobe lesion— Wernicke’s aphasia
Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er...
hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday,
nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah
doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth...
yah
I called my mother on the television and did not
understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for
me to be young
Brain Brain LateralizationLateralization
• Specialization of the functions of each cortical hemisphere as the brain matures
• Krashen, 1973, lateralization is complete by age five;
• Lenneberg, 1967, around pubertyñ
• Scover, 1984), emergence of lateralization at birth, quite evident at five, and completed, only evident, at about puberty.
• Biologically determined period of life when language can be acquired more easily and beyond which time language is increasingly difficult to acquire
Critical Age Critical Age HypothesisHypothesis
method used to visualize neurons;it measures changes in blood flow
in the brain
fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging
P value
probability of a false-positive result equal to or less than
Left Hemisphere: Left Hemisphere: BrocaBroca’s and Wernicke’s ’s and Wernicke’s
areasareas, central role in , central role in language functionslanguage functions
Spatial separation Spatial separation in Brocain Broca’s area in ’s area in
late bilingualslate bilinguals
Spatial separation Spatial separation in Brocain Broca’s area in ’s area in
late bilingualslate bilinguals
Spatial separation Spatial separation in Brocain Broca’s area in ’s area in
late bilingualslate bilinguals
Spatial separation Spatial separation in Brocain Broca’s area in ’s area in
late bilingualslate bilinguals
Overlapping in Overlapping in activation of activation of
BrocaBroca’s area in ’s area in early bilingualsearly bilinguals
Overlapping in Overlapping in activation of activation of
BrocaBroca’s area in ’s area in early bilingualsearly bilinguals
Overlapping in Overlapping in activation of activation of
BrocaBroca’s area in ’s area in early bilingualsearly bilinguals
Overlapping in Overlapping in activation of activation of
BrocaBroca’s area in ’s area in early bilingualsearly bilinguals
First vs second First vs second languages and the languages and the role of Brocarole of Broca’s area’s area
Cognitive growth is an Cognitive growth is an essential synergy in essential synergy in human developmenthuman development
Higher level cognitive Higher level cognitive processesprocesses
Using critical thinking exercises extends Using critical thinking exercises extends the child’s ability to read, think, reason, the child’s ability to read, think, reason,
and process information in a more coherent and process information in a more coherent and clearand clear
wayway
The higher the level of thinking, the more The higher the level of thinking, the more abstract and complex the task isabstract and complex the task is
Cognitive skills encompass different Cognitive skills encompass different types of processes:types of processes:
• Classifying• Discriminating between real and
fantasy/make-believe, between fact and opinion
• Distinguishing abstract from concrete, true and false
• Summarizing, outlining