the human culture ramesh kumar. what is culture culture is a shared, learned, symbolic system of...

The Human Culture The Human Culture Ramesh kumar Ramesh kumar

What is Culture What is Culture Culture is a shared, learned, symbolic system of Culture is a shared, learned, symbolic system of

values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior -- an abstract influences perception and behavior -- an abstract "mental blueprint" or "mental code." "mental blueprint" or "mental code."

Must be studied "indirectly" by studying behavior, Must be studied "indirectly" by studying behavior, customs, material culture (artifacts, tools, customs, material culture (artifacts, tools, technology), language, etc. technology), language, etc.

Learned. Process of learning one's culture is called Learned. Process of learning one's culture is called enculturation.enculturation.

Shared by the members of a society. No "culture of Shared by the members of a society. No "culture of one." one."

Patterned. People in a society live and think in Patterned. People in a society live and think in ways that form definite patterns. ways that form definite patterns.

05/03/2305/03/23 P.K ChandioP.K Chandio

What is Culture……cont…What is Culture……cont… Mutually constructed Mutually constructed through a constant through a constant

process of social interaction. process of social interaction. SymbolicSymbolic. Culture, language and thought are . Culture, language and thought are

based on symbols and symbolic meanings. based on symbols and symbolic meanings. Arbitrary.Arbitrary. Not based on "natural laws" external Not based on "natural laws" external

to humans, but created by humans according to to humans, but created by humans according to the "whims" of the society. Example: standards of the "whims" of the society. Example: standards of beauty. beauty.

Internalized.Internalized. Habitual. Taken-for granted. Habitual. Taken-for granted. Perceived as "natural." Perceived as "natural."

It is man-made environment.It is man-made environment.


Culture…..continueCulture…..continue

CultureCulture refers to the following Ways of refers to the following Ways of Life, including but not limited to:Life, including but not limited to:

LanguageLanguage : : the oldest human institution the oldest human institution and the most sophisticated medium of and the most sophisticated medium of expression. expression.

Arts & SciencesArts & Sciences : : the most advanced and the most advanced and refined forms of human expression. refined forms of human expression.

ThoughtThought : : the ways in which people the ways in which people perceive, interpret, and understand the perceive, interpret, and understand the world around them. world around them.

SpiritualitySpirituality : : the value system transmitted the value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-through generations for the inner well-being of human beings, expressed through being of human beings, expressed through language and actions. language and actions.


What is Culture…..continueWhat is Culture…..continue Social activitySocial activity : : the shared pursuits the shared pursuits

within a cultural community, within a cultural community, demonstrated in a variety of festivities and demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events. life-celebrating events.

InteractionInteraction : : the social aspects of human the social aspects of human contact, including the give-and-take of contact, including the give-and-take of socialization, negotiation, protocol, and socialization, negotiation, protocol, and conventions. conventions.

All of the above collectively define the All of the above collectively define the meaning of meaning of CultureCulture


What is Culture…..continueWhat is Culture…..continue CultureCulture--the way of life of a group of --the way of life of a group of

peoplepeople


CultureCulture Culture is Culture is “...all that “...all that

human beings learn human beings learn to do, to use, to to do, to use, to produce, to know, produce, to know, and to believe as and to believe as they grow to they grow to maturity and live out maturity and live out their lives in the their lives in the social groups to social groups to which they belong.”which they belong.”


Types of Culture Types of Culture

Culture Graphic Organizer

Examples?

Material Culture?

Examples?

Non-Material Culture?

CultureWhat's the Definition


Material CultureMaterial Culture Material cultureMaterial culture –physical things that –physical things that

we can see or touch, all the artifacts we can see or touch, all the artifacts of a group of people (artifacts of life of a group of people (artifacts of life … stuff).… stuff).

Everything we build or make.Everything we build or make. Utensils, tools, farming methods.Utensils, tools, farming methods. Food and clothing.Food and clothing. Buildings and communication Buildings and communication

systems.systems.


Non-Material CultureNon-Material Culture Nonmaterial culture is the invisible Nonmaterial culture is the invisible (eek)(eek)

and intangible parts of cultureand intangible parts of culture– BeliefsBeliefs– ValuesValues– Norms/RulesNorms/Rules– LanguageLanguage

ValuesValues are nonmaterial shared judgments are nonmaterial shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable, about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, good or badright or wrong, good or bad


Non-Material CultureNon-Material Culture Everything we believe in or practiceEverything we believe in or practice Religion and valuesReligion and values Laws and political systemsLaws and political systems Language, music, and ideas.Language, music, and ideas. Norms - folkways, mores, and lawsNorms - folkways, mores, and laws


NormsNorms Norms:Norms: written or unwritten guides written or unwritten guides

for behavior telling one what is for behavior telling one what is acceptable or not in social situations.acceptable or not in social situations.

Mores:Mores: Strong idea for right & wrong Strong idea for right & wrong Folkways:Folkways: Idea for right and wrong Idea for right and wrong Taboo:Taboo: Violation of mores. Violation of mores. Sanctions:Sanctions: Rewards & Punishments Rewards & Punishments


NormsNorms::

Cultural rules:Cultural rules: shared rules of behavior (based in a shared rules of behavior (based in a

culture’s values)culture’s values)

– FolkwaysFolkways– MoresMores– TaboosTaboos– LawsLaws


NormsNorms Mores:Mores: Strong idea for right & wrong Strong idea for right & wrong Folkways:Folkways: Idea for right and wrong Idea for right and wrong Taboo:Taboo: Violation of mores. Violation of mores. Rules:Rules: social rules to govern the social rules to govern the

practices and rituals of society.practices and rituals of society. Sanctions:Sanctions: Rewards & Punishments Rewards & Punishments


Social Norms Social Norms Mores and FolkwaysMores and Folkways

Religious folkway Religious more


Social NormsSocial Norms FolkwaysFolkways--norms that apply to --norms that apply to

routine situationsroutine situations– Things dealing with daily life like how to Things dealing with daily life like how to

eat certain foodseat certain foods– How to greet othersHow to greet others


Social NormsSocial Norms

MoresMores--these are powerful norms --these are powerful norms concerning the morality of an act.concerning the morality of an act.

– These type of situations usually result in These type of situations usually result in severe punishmentssevere punishments


The 5 Components of CultureThe 5 Components of Culture1.1. TechnologyTechnology Physical objects we use and the rules for Physical objects we use and the rules for

using them. using them. 2. Symbols:2. Symbols: Anything that represents something Anything that represents something

larger than itself and has a shared larger than itself and has a shared meaning.meaning.

3. Language3. LanguageOrganization of written or spoken Organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized systemsymbols into a standardized system


The 5 Components of CultureThe 5 Components of Culture4. Values4. Values

Shared beliefs about Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, what is good or bad, right or wrong, right or wrong, desirable or desirable or undesirable.undesirable.

5. Norms5. Norms Shared rules of Shared rules of

conduct that tell conduct that tell people how to act in people how to act in specific situations.specific situations.

NormsNorms are standards of are standards of expected behaviorexpected behavior


Cultures are dynamic but how & Cultures are dynamic but how & why?why?

InventionInvention - new idea about how - new idea about how something can be made or done.something can be made or done.

innovationinnovation - improvement in - improvement in technologytechnology

cultural diffusioncultural diffusion - ideas from one - ideas from one culture spread to another. culture spread to another.


Terms used in CultureTerms used in CultureCultural Shock:Cultural Shock:

what happens when you are exposed to a completely what happens when you are exposed to a completely new society--living in a primitive society and then being new society--living in a primitive society and then being transported to a modern/industrial society.transported to a modern/industrial society.

Cultural Lag: Cultural Lag: It is difference b/w old and new adopted culture of It is difference b/w old and new adopted culture of

group. group. it is also called generation gap.it is also called generation gap. Difference b/w two cultureDifference b/w two culture Cultural Conflict. Cultural Conflict. Culture shockCulture shock refers to the difficulty that people refers to the difficulty that people

have when they encounter cultures very different have when they encounter cultures very different from their ownfrom their own


Terms used in CultureTerms used in Culture BeliefsBeliefs—concepts people accept as —concepts people accept as

true about how the world operates.true about how the world operates. ValuesValues--a general feeling among a --a general feeling among a

society about what is good or bad, society about what is good or bad, appropriate or inappropriate.appropriate or inappropriate.


Symbols Symbols

A symbol is anything that represents A symbol is anything that represents something other than itselfsomething other than itself


Cultural LogCultural Log Cultural LagCultural Lag is a term coined by William is a term coined by William

Ogburn to refer to the tendency for Ogburn to refer to the tendency for certain aspects of culture to change certain aspects of culture to change more quickly than others, often causing more quickly than others, often causing conflictconflict

Material culture tends to change more Material culture tends to change more rapidly than non-material culturerapidly than non-material culture


SubcultureSubculture SubculturesSubcultures consist of consist of

certain segments of the certain segments of the population who share population who share certain beliefs, certain beliefs, lifestyles, values and lifestyles, values and norms which are norms which are distinctive from the distinctive from the population. population.

The notion of The notion of subsubculture does not culture does not suggest an inferior suggest an inferior culture—rather, that it culture—rather, that it is a distinctive culture is a distinctive culture within a larger culturewithin a larger culture

Relationship between culture and subculture


Types of SubculturesTypes of Subcultures

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