the human nervous system. neuron- a nerve cell cell body cell body contains the nucleus and other...
TRANSCRIPT
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The HumanNervousSystem
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Neuron- A Nerve Cell
Cell bodyContains the nucleus and other
organellesDendrites
Receive stimuliConduct impulses toward the cell
bodyAxon
Carries impulses away from the cell body
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Axon Structure
Myelin sheathInsulating coat of plasma
membranesSections of sheath are called
“Schwann Cells”Unmyelinated axons carry impulses
much slower than myelinated axons
Nodes of RanvierBare axonal membrane between
Schwann cells
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The Synapse
Synapse The gap between nerve cells
NeurotransmitterChemicals that carry nerve signals across the synapse
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Reflex Arc
The reflex arc responds to a stimulus without the immediate involvement of the brain
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Central Nervous System(CNS)
• Brain• Spinal Cord
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Cerebrum
Directs voluntary movementSensory processingLanguage and communicationLearning and memory
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Cerebellum
Regulates sense of balanceCoordinates voluntary muscle movement
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Medulla Oblongata
BreathingHeart rateBlood pressureSwallowing and digestion
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Peripheral NervousSystem (in blue)
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Peripheral Nervous System
• Sensory Division–Bring information to the
CNS
• Motor Division–Carries signals away from
the CNS• Somatic (voluntary) nervous
system controls skeletal muscle action• Autonomic nervous system
(involuntary) controls organ systems and smooth muscle
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Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous
System• Sympathetic– Stress responses (Fight or
Flight)• Pupils dilate• Mouth dries up (saliva
decreases)• Heart rate increases• Blood flow to skeletal muscle
increases
• Parasympathetic– Relaxation response
• Heart rate slows• Pupils constrict• Stimulates salivation• Digestive processes
stimulated