the icrisat story: simplified version...icrisat watershed story nrm class 29 nov 1 the icrisat...
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ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 1
The ICRISAT Story: Simplified
version
NRM class 26 Nov 2006
Land degradation and Drought
• India witnessed widespread drought (> 20%
affected) once in five years in last 123 years.
• 1987 drought affected 300 mill people.
• Droughts specific periods, land degradation
continuous
• degraded land 107.2 MHa 33%
• 75.7 MHa of which only 58 Mha treatable
• even if 1 Mha treated every year it will still take
50 years to recharge all affected areas.
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 2
The Nexus
DroughtLand
Degradation
Poverty
An Entry PointAn Entry Point
Integrated Watershed Management
Water is the Key-Issue
• 80% of world’s agriculture is rainfed
• Rainfed areas in developing countries are densely populated
• Deplorable high poverty
• Huge unemployment
• Fragile and marginal lands
• Severe land degradation
• Water scarcity
• Drought is a constant threat
Breaking the Nexus of Poverty, Land Degradation thru Watershed Management
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 3
Watershed as entry point for:
�Increasing productivity
�Improving livelihoods
�Protecting environment
�Empowerment of poor
�Social capital development
Watershed Management:Engine of Agricultural Growth
and Development in Rainfed Areas
• Until 2003-04, 2.466 billion US$ have been allocated for watershed development
• In 1999-2000 GOI declared “National Movement for Watershed Development in India”
• Over the different plan periods, nature and scope of watershed program modified and tuned to encourage people’s participation
Investments and Impacts
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 4
Journey through Watershed Approach in India
Soil conservation Water conservation Productivity enhancements
CompartmentalHolistic systems
approachLivelihood
improvement
Top down and contractual
Participatory mode
No ownership by farmers
Inequitable benefits
Less transparency
Transparency and vigilant community
Community ownership
Tangible benefits well distributed
Govt. investments Private investments
Eight Arms of Holistic Development
Micro enterprises
Increase in Productivity
DecreasedMigration
Reduction of people BPL
GW Recharge
Growth ofLivestock/Hort/Fodder
Gender Parity
Coverage Families
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 5
Reduced runoff
Impacts
Improved water levelIncreased productivity
Employment generation
Use of new science tools
A holistic participatory
approach
Continuous monitoring and evaluation
Linked on-station and Off-
station
Empowerment of community
and stakeholders
Mix of individual and community-
based interventions
Consortium for technical
backstopping
Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, India: A Brightspot (Contd..)
Integrated Watershed Management Model
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 6
• Increased incomes
12.69
9.49
6.13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Watershed Non-watershed
Net income ( Rs 1000)
2001 (N=60) 1998 (N=54)
Note: Total variable cost includes family labor
Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, India: A Brightspot (Contd..)
• Increased incomes
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Non-w atershed
Watershed
Actual values (Rs 1000)
Crops Livestock Non-farm
37.3
29.244 % 7% 49 %
41 % 11 % 48 %
Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, India: A Brightspot (Contd..)
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 7
Knowledge-based entry point enhanced sustainable community participation
1970 (119)1460 (62)1330 (47)1160 (29)1190 (32)900Sorghum
1490 (78)1230 (48)1060 (27)1000 (20)930 (12)830Groundnut
1540 (70)1390 (54)1320 (46)1130 (24)1210 (33)900Mungbean
C+NP+
SBZnC+SBZn
Zinc
(Zn)
Boron
(B)
Sulphur
(S)
Control
(C)
3510 (26)*
* % increase over control
4890 (75)4140 (49)3710 (33)3710 (33)2790Maize
Yield (kg ha-1)
Treatment
Crop
Crop
Average grain yield (kg ha
-1)
Control
Average grain yield (kg ha
-1)
MN treatment*
% increase over
control grain
Maize 2800 4560 79
Greengram 770 1110 51
Castor 470 760 61
Groundnut pod 1430 1825 28 * Micronutrients applied: Boron (0.5 kg ha
-1), Sulphur (30 kg ha
-1) and Zinc (10 kg ha
-1)
2002
2003
Micronutrient amendments increased crop productivity substantially
�Land forms
- Broad-bed and furrow
- Cultivation on grade
- Contour plantings
Tangible Economic Benefits to Individuals are Must for Community Participation
�Field bunds/Gliricidia and Vetiver planting
�Improved cropping systems
�Soil amendments
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 8
Small is BeautifulSmall is Beautiful
27.59-45Sunken pits
8.327-690Mini-percolation tanks
Check dams
Water storage structures
112.238-1480
Average cost
(Rs m-3 of water)
Storage capacity
(m3)
Equitable Water Harvesting Benefits to Small Farmers
Flow of the consortium approach in watersheds
TamilnaduKarnataka
Gujarat
Philippines
ICRISAT Watershed story
NRM Class 29 Nov 9
• Were things all that rosy?
• How long did it take for ICRISAT to get
there?