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The Impact of Spatial Racism on Health
Mouhanad Hammami, MD, MHSA Director & Health Officer
Wayne County Department of Health, Veterans and Community Wellness
Health disparities are systematic, plausibly avoidable
health differences according to race/ethnicity, religion, or nationality; socioeconomic resources or position (reflected by, e.g., income, wealth, education, or occupation); gender, sexual orientation, gender identity; age, geography, disability, illness, political or other affiliation; or other characteristics associated with discrimination or marginalization.
Am J Public Health. 2011
Disparities in Health
It was the best of times
and the worst of times …
Detroit & Ann Arbor
Health Outcomes
Changes in health that result from measures or specific healthcare investments or interventions.
They represent how healthy a community is.
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Arthritis Asthma COPD
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Hypertension High Cholesterol Heart Dis Stroke
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Diabetes Chronic Kidney Dis. Cancer
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Poor Mental Health Poor Physical Health
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
Prevention
Preventive healthcare consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment.
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No Health Insurance
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Dental Care
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Pap Smears Colorectal Screening
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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45
Routine Check Ups (older men) Routine Check Ups (older women)
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
Unhealthy Behaviors
Smoking, lack of physical activity, poor diet and alcohol consumption -- appear to be associated with a substantially
increased risk of death when combined
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Binge Drinking Smoking
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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No Pysical Activity Obeisty
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
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Sleeping less than 7hrs
Ann Arbor
Detroit
USA
CDC: 500 Cities: Local data for better health, 2014
People
Human society is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations.
A large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Race
City-data.com
Median Ann Arbor Detroit Michigan
Household Income (14/15) $60,147 $25,980 $48,273
House Value (14/15) $232,300 $42,600 $137,500
Unemployment (15) 2.7% 11.5% 4.7%
Poverty
City-data.com
Education
2015 data. City-data.com
Safety
City-data.com
Accidents/Fatalities
City-data.com
Environment
Detroit AQI 91.5
Ann Arbor AQI 61.8
US AQI 74.7
City-data.com
Food Access
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CVS Rite Aid Walgreens Kmart Meijer Kroger
Ann Arbor
Detroit
City-data.com
Fast Food
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Burger King McDonald's Wendy's White Castle Church's Chicken
Taco Bell KFC Popeyes
Ann Arbor
Detroit
City-data.com
Pizza
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5
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15
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25
Domino's Pizza Pizza Hut Little Caesars Pizza
Ann Arbor
Detroit
City-data.com
Other
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Jimmy John's Panera Bread Quiznos
Ann Arbor
Detroit
City-data.com
Compared to Michigan Ann Arbor
Median house value above state average.
Unemployed percentage significantly below state average.
Black race population percentage below state average.
Median age significantly below state average.
Foreign-born population percentage significantly above state average.
Renting percentage above state average.
Number of college students significantly above state average.
Percentage of population with a bachelor's degree or higher significantly above state average.
Detroit Median household income below state average. Median house value significantly below state
average. Black race population percentage significantly
above state average. Median age below state average. Foreign-born population percentage below
state average. Renting percentage above state average. Length of stay since moving in above state
average. House age above state average
All people should be
valued equally …
Jones et al.
Fostering a social justice approach to health.
Health Issues in the Black Community, 2009.