the impact on communities in the absence of community governance systems/mechanisms by presad...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Impact on Communities in the Absence of Community Governance Systems/Mechanisms
By Presad Rathnayake
Case Study on Integrated Urban Development Project, Implemented by Practical Action South Asia in Galle and Kurunegala Municipal Council
Areas
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Contents
• Introduction• Background• Methodology• Results and Findings• Conclusions and recommendations
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Introduction
• Participatory Development Approaches– Introduced in 1970’s– Targeting community participation in development
process – Introduced by development agencies
• Facilitated process• Involvement of governing and administrative bodies
– Once facilitation is over, the process hardly sustained– Need for moving beyond participation
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……Introduction
• The concept of “good governance”– Evolved in 1960s in Western World
• Sri Lanka we had community governance systems for more than thousand years
– Introduced to development world in 1990s– Mainly in rural development programs with natural
resource development and management– Attempts to involve both governing and administration
mechanisms in development decision making process
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Background
• Integrated Urban Development Program– Improving Access to Infrastructure services by Urban Poor– Involvement of community in development planning through
participatory mechanisms– Involvement of Local Authorities , administration and other
stakeholders in decision making and implementation process– Establishments of structures at village and local authority level to
engage community in development decision making process – Developing the capacities of community and staff of local
authorities on participatory planning and decision making process
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…..Background
• Two project locations– Kurunegala Municipal council area
• 3 Urban poor settlements– Amman Kovil Mawatha, Wilgoda, Mel Kanda
– Galle Municipal Council Area• 4 Urban poor settlements
– Siyambalagaha watta, Welage watta, Welsonpura, Bombay Castle Estate
• Time frame– 2007 to 2009 (3 Years)
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Methodology
• Baseline survey – Questionnaire Survey– FGD/ Key Informant Discussions
• Participatory planning– Capacity building for community leaders on
participatory planning• Developing village level structures– CBOs/Coordinating committees
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…..Methodology
• Local Authority/other stakeholder engagement in the process – Capacity building on participatory infrastructure
service delivery• Building collaborations between community
and local authorities and/or other stakeholders by introducing Citizen Group Network (CGN)
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…..Methodology
• Post project– Field Observations– Discussions with then CBO leaders– Discussions with local authority staff members
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Results and Findings• Baseline survey– There are no mechanisms to obtain community participation
in development planning– Infrastructure needs of the concerned communities are not
addressed• Water/Electricity/Access Roads• Waste and sanitation
– Illegal settlers• Service delivery is not priority of local authority• Opportunity to exploit
– Politically sensitive areas• Contribute to the city’s vote base• Youth - active campaigners in elections
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…..Results and Findings
• Participatory planning– Capacity development of village leaders
• Aware the process project is going to be followed• Role of community leaders in facilitating the village level planning
– Formation of CBOs• One CBO in each project village• Facilitated planning process and project implementation later stage• Leaders represented the village
– Two cycles of planning completed• Planning initiated with the community
– Seven settlement development plans
• Plans presented to local authority and other stakeholders
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…..Results and Findings
• Local Authority/other stakeholder engagement in the process through capacity building– Field staff engagement in the participatory planning
process• Community development officer/Grama Niladhari/Samurdhi
Niladhari in Galle• Public health inspectors/Grama Niladhari in Kurunegala
– Responding to priorities identified in participatory plans in delivering services• Waste collection, sanitation services
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…..Results and Findings
• Building collaborations and establishing structures– Community managed waste recycling facilities in both
Galle and Kurunegala– Citizens Group Network established in Kurunegala
Composition of the CGN: CBO Leaders from 3 settlements, Grama Niladhari’s from 3 settlements, Assistant Commissioner, Chief PHI and PHIs, Planning officer of Municipal council, project partner staff• Resource allocation and implementation of prioritized needs
of the Participatory Plans were reviewed in CGN meetings
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Post Project Implementation
– Participatory planning process discontinued• Absence of strong commitments from both community
as well as local authorities“However access road improvements and basic service delivery enhancement observed in most of the settlements”
– Less coordination between local authorities and communities• Infrastructure service delivery disturbed
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Post Project Implementation
– Absence of responsible staff in local authority to engage community in development process• Kurunegala – No community development officer in
function
– Less interest in decentralized service delivery• Managing waste services with community involvement
– Less community involvement in service delivery and less community support on managing various services
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Post Project Implementation
– CGN discontinued after the project completion• Absence of partner staff• Transfer of some municipal council staff• Implementation of some infrastructure needs made
community interest low – Access roads and sanitation
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Conclusions and recommendations
• Participatory planning allows community engagement in development decision making process
• However systems and structures are needs to be established in governing mechanism in order to sustain the community participation
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….Conclusions and recommendations
• Sustaining community participation in development decision making process will be assured if;– Local authorities assign staff and resources to
facilitate – Systems and structures are established in village
level to facilitate community engagement– Local authorities are willing to sustain public private
partnerships in service delivery
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Thank You