the industrial revolution
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The Industrial Revolution. 1750- 1850 HWH UNIT 6 CHAPTER 7.1-7.2. From Cottage Industry to Factory System. The Cottage Industry (a.k.a. “putting out system”). Pros Helped farmers supplement income Created entrepreneurs Created new consumer goods Work could be done at home . Cons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Industrial Revolution
1750-1850HWH UNIT 6
CHAPTER 7.1-7.2
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From Cottage Industry to Factory System
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The Cottage Industry(a.k.a. “putting out system”)
ProsHelped farmers
supplement incomeCreated entrepreneursCreated new consumer
goodsWork could be done at
home
Cons Inefficient
Workers spread out in many places
Labor wasn’t coordinated and organized
Lack of capital
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Why Britain?Abundance of Water
Canals, Rivers, proximity to the ocean
Natural ResourcesCoal, iron
Stable, Laissez-faire governmentCentral bank
Abundance of foodAbundant labor forceNot decimated by
Napoleonic wars
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British Trade, 1700-1800
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The Textile IndustryCotton output increased 800%
between 1780 and 1800By 1830, 50% of British exports
were cotton fabricsLed the way in innovation and
industrialization
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The Spinning Wheel
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The Hand Loom
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New Technology(pre-steam engine)
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John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle” (1733)
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James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny (1765)
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Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame (1769)
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The First Factories (1770s-80s)
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Samuel Crompton’s “Spinning Mule” (1779)
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James Watt’s Steam Engine (1770s)
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Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom (1785)
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The Iron IndustryCoal replaces
charcoalMore efficient to run
steam enginesCokeBiproduct of coal“Pig Iron”
Abraham Darby
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Ironbridge in the 18th Century
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Coalbrookdale by Night by Loutherbourg
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RailroadsGeorge StephensonLiverpool to Manchester railway
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“The Rocket”
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The Cumulative Effect of IndustrializationFactories required steam engines and
machinesSteam engines and machines need
ironIron needs coalCoal need to be minedAll of this needs to be transported by
trainTrains require coal and iron….
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By 1850…Britain produced2/3 of the world’s coal1/2 of the world’s iron1/2 of the world’s cloth
Per capita income doubled from 1800
GNP tripled from 1800