The Industrial Revolution

Mrs. RodriguezPeriod:5

AP Human GeographyMarissa Rodriguez

Kelly TranAlyssa AlarconSarina Herrera

The Industrial Revolution

Large Industrial Regions

Europe's Industrial Regions:

Western Europe, western Germany, The United Kingdom, Italy Spain, Eastern Europe (mainly in the former Soviet Union)

North America’s Industrial Regions:

Middle Atlantic, Mohawk valley, Lake Erie, western Great Lakes ,Southern California, South Eastern Ontario

East Asia’s Industrial Regions

China, Japan

The Industrial Revolution did not just happen over night, it was the gradual diffusion of ideas and techniques; however, it began in The United Kingdom in the late eighteenth century.

Examples of types of industries:

Textile: cloth or woven fabric

Cottage Industry: Home-based manufacturing

• Locate their factories near buyers and Sellers

• Location is closest to sellers if transporting the raw material exceeds the cost of transporting the

product to the consumer. • Location is closest to the

consumer if the cost of transporting the product

exceeds the cost of transporting the original

material.• This type of industry is

Bulk-reducing since the original material weighs

more than the final product

• Only have one or two customers.

• They tend to locate their factories nearest to the

customer.• Changing site factors to

save money is important. EX: some factories

relocate to Mexico to take advantage of lower

labor costs.• It is a Bulk-Gaining industry since they make

a product that gains volume or weight during

production

Raw Material Oriented Market Oriented

Break of Bulk is the location where transfer among transportation modes takes place EX: The Port of Long BeachGoods are shipped across the ocean and are uniformly packaged so that they can be quickly transferred between other ships trucks or trains.

Weber’s least Cost Theory consists of three categories:1. Transportation• Be near to the imputs or

consumer• Be where there is the lowest

cost of moving the raw materials

2. Labor• Create factories where there

is cheap labor in places like China or Mexico

3. Agglomeration • Cluster in the same areas as

other industries where the industries can help each other out with their needs

Manufacturing Zones with Specific Strengths

Problems created by developed and developing countries

Many problems occurred during industrialization. In the U.S. about six million jobs were lost in manufacturing. However, Texas and California added one-half million manufacturing jobs. The South lacked industrial development, which are their roads and rail networks. For example, if a region lacks roads and rail networks it makes it difficult for them to trade and have goods shipped in and out.

Situation factors: transporting materials to and from a factory • Factories try to identify where a location cost are

minimized

Example- If a factory owner has two options on where to place their factory, they would choose whichever one was cheaper • Critical industrial location costs• Costs of transporting both inputs into the factory

and products from the factory to the consumer

Example- The factory would be placed in between where the receive their products to where the drop it off to the store that wants to sell the products that they made

The distribution of world labor since the Industrial Revolution

“Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory

In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and nearly one-third was in North America, the share of world has increased since the industrial revolution to where the major industries aren’t just North America and Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America,

The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in steel and clothing.

The distribution of world labor since the Industrial Revolution

“Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory

In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and nearly one-third was in North America, the share of world has increased since the industrial revolution to where the major industries aren’t just North America and Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America,

The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in steel and clothing.

How does site and situation factors influence the location of manufacturing?

Site factors: unique characteristics of a location

Site factors like land, labor, and capitol influence the location of manufacturing because it controls the cost of doing business at a location.

Example- land, a factory would not be at a place such as mountains if there is no source of electricity to operate.

Compare and Contrast

• The Pre-industrial lifestyle had limited production, and was primarily an agricultural economy.

• The Pre-industrial era had few social classes with most of the population as middle working class, working as farmers.

Case Studies

Maquiladoras in MexicoMaquiladora means to receive payment for grinding and processing corn. The companies receive tax breaks if they ship material from the unites states, assemble components at Maquiladora plant in Mexico, and export the finished product back to the U.S. More than one million Mexicans are employed out at over 3,000 Maquiladora.

Case Study

Throwing BRIC at NAFTA NAFTA has joined the U.S. with its neighbors to the north and south to form one of the worlds three main industrial regions. Labor leaders fear that more manufactures will relocate production to Mexico to take advantage of lower wage. Environmentalists fear that NAFTA encourages industries to move production to Mexico because laws on air and water quality standards are less strict than in the U.S. People believe that industry in North America and Europe will soon relocate to BRIC, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The concept of this is that the four countries working together will become the worlds dominate industrial block.

Industrial Revolution In Europe