the influence of building quality ... f.d sidabutar, sirojuzilam, suwardi lubis and rujiman...

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 259–270, Article ID: IJCIET_09_03_028

Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

THE INFLUENCE OF BUILDING QUALITY,

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF

HISTORICAL BUILDING AND COMMUNITY

PARTICIPATION TO CULTURAL TOURISM IN

MEDAN CITY

Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman

Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

As a regional government center of North Sumatra, Medan grew into a

metropolitan city with a population of more than two million people. Now the city of

Medan is the third largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta and Surabaya. As one of the

largest cities in Indonesia, the city of Medan has a high cultural tourism potential to

be developed because it is rich in historical heritage of the past that still exist in the

form of historic buildings with customs that are still preserved. The preservation of

these historical heritages, especially historic buildings and areas, can be done by

taking care of and maintaining the quality of buildings, environmental conditions and

community participation. This research will explain how the quality of historical

buildings, environmental condition of historical buildings and community

participation will affect the cultural tourism in the city of Medan.

Key words: building quality, envronmental condition, community participation,

cultural tourism

Cite this Article: Yuanita F.D Sidabutar, Sirojuzilam, Suwardi Lubis and Rujiman,

The Influence of Building Quality, Environmental Conditions of Historical Building

and Community Participation to Cultural Tourism in Medan City. International

Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 2018, pp. 259-270.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3

1. INTRODUCTION

The development of historical buildings in Medan city related to the policy and concept of

urban development in Indonesia. In the colonial era, urban development was more developed

for the benefit of urban people only, especially the residents of Europeans living in the city.

Therefore the city gained privileges in terms of providing facilities. This can be found in some

areas that have the existence of historic buildings that the architectural value of the building

depicts the condition of the glory of that era. The pattern of today's urban development policy

is based on an insight that a city is inseparable from a wider region. Even a city should play



an important role as the foremost of regional progress behind it (Keyfitz & Nitisastro, 1960).

The existence of buildings and historic areas in the city of Medan is considered to have

potential in terms of architectural buildings, and in this area emerging activities that revive the

atmosphere of the environment and surrounding areas such as business activities,

entertainment facilities, railway station transportation and tours for the community. To

preserve historical buildings various efforts have been made, such as inventory and

documentation of buildings and community development and socialization of the importance

of these buildings. Since 1988 has been done documentation, identification and registration of

these buildings. Recorded more than 30 old building and the area of historical value that can

still be saved and reused, if done renovation and rehabilitation of it.

From the legal aspect, efforts have been made to protect these inheritance. The existence

of historic buildings in Medan City is regulated in Perda No. 6/1988 on the Preservation of

Valuable Neighborhood Buildings of Architectural Archeology. In addition, to provide an

understanding of the importance of heritage and culture to the community, established Badan

Warisan Sumatera (BWS) which conducts socialization activities to the community. The

conservation or preservation of cultural heritage is not an exact science but more like an art

that cannot be determined by scientific and measurable criteria, but rather a reflection of an

ever changing public order. According to Lewis Mumford in The Culture Of Cities (1961)

the city has creative vocal points for the community, and the city is the maximum point of

concentration for power and culture of the community. The city is shaped by culture, but

instead the city is influenced by that culture. The city is formed together with its culture

and is a "greatest work of art". Inside the city, with layers of the past that still survive on

buildings monuments, and public ways. Max Weber with the cultural role of the city in The

City (1950), said that the concept of the city emphasizes urbanity to keep the value contained

therein.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Quality

Tjiptono (2004) defines quality as fitness for use. Another definition emphasizes customer

satisfaction orientation. Quality is a continuous improvement (Gusnardi et al., 2016). Another

definition by Taguchi which emphasizes the loss that must be paid by consumers due to the

failure of a product or service. Quality is a function of cost where cost can be decreased by

process improvement or reduction of variation in product or variation in process. Loh (2001)

adds that quality has cumulative properties. Quality is not a standalone entity, but it includes

the totality of all characteristics of a product or service that makes the product or service

superior and good (Muda et al., 2018). Quality according to ISO (International Organization

for Standardization) are: a. Healthy conditions for purpose or use; b. Alignment with

specifications; c. Freedom from all shortcomings; d. Customer satisfaction; e. Credibility; f.

Pride to has. According Darsono (1995) the environment is all things and conditions,

including humans and their activities, contained in space and affect the survival and

welfare of humans and other living bodies. Meanwhile, according to St. Munajat

Danusaputra environment is all objects and conditions including human and its activities,

contained in the space where humans are located and affect the survival and welfare of

life and other microorganisms. According to Ach. Wazir Ws., et al., (1999) participation

can be interpreted as a conscious involvement of a person into social interaction in

certain situations. With that understanding, one can participate when he finds himself

with or in a group, through various processes of sharing with others in terms of values,

traditions, feelings, loyalty, obedience and shared responsibility.

The Influence of Building Quality, Environmental Conditions of Historical Building and

Community Participation to Cultural Tourism in Medan City


2.2. Community Participation

The importance of participation was put forward by Conyers (1991) as follows: first,

community participation is a tool for obtaining information about the conditions, needs and

attitudes of local communities, without which development programs and projects will fail;

secondly, that people will be more confident of a development project or program if they feel

involved in the preparation and planning process because they will know more about the

project and will have a sense of ownership of the project; third, that it is a democratic right

when society is involved in the development of their own society (Sihombing et al., 2017 and

Muda et al., 2018). Cultural Tourism, a journey undertaken on the basis of a desire to broaden

one's view of life by making visits to other places or abroad, studying the people, their

customs, their way of life, their culture and art (Pendit 2002).

Historical buildings is a building or group of buildings that have historical value both

from the physical and function of the building. The historic building in Medan City has

historical value which is very important for the development of the society culture which

consists of various ethnic that is interesting and has value selling in tourism. Medan city has

many building assets with historical value and cultural resources which as a whole shape the

image of the city or the historical value of Medan. The existence of historic buildings in the

city of Medan is enough to help the community around the building to generate income

because the building is still well maintained and the object is still functioning well, therefore

historic buildings can still be used as a very big tourist attraction in the world of tourism

because its history has a selling value that is able stimulate the interest of tourists to know and

develop it.

3. METHODS

This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Quantitative research method is one type of

research that the specification is systematic, planned, and structured clearly from the

beginning to the design of research (Syahyunan et al., 2017; Ferine et al., 2017; Dalimunthe

et al., 2017; Marhaynie et al., 2017; Handoko et al., 2017; Sadalia et al., 2017; Yahya et al.,

2017; Muda, 2017 & Nurzaimah et al., 2017). Another definition says quantitative research is

a research that demands the use of numbers, ranging from data collection, interpretation of the

data, and the appearance of the results. Similarly, at the conclusion of the study would be

better when accompanied by images, tables, graphics, or other views. Quantitative research

methods can be interpreted as research methods based on positivism philosophy, used to

examine the population or a particular sample (Muda and Dharsuky, 2015; Lubis et al., 2016;

Dalimunthe et al., 2016; Lutfi, et al., 2016 and Muda et al., 2018). Population is a

generalization region consisting of objects/subjects that have certain qualities and

characteristics. Determined by the researchers to be studied and then drawn conclusions.

Population in this study were 3378 people from eight districts, namely Medan Petisah, Medan

Maimun, West Medan, East Medan, Medan Kota, Medan Baru, Medan Perjuangan and

Medan Polonia. A sample of 218 people using Slovin formula. Data collection techniques

used are questionnaires given to each respondent whose results can be tabulated (Achmad et

al., 2017 & Badaruddin et al., 2017). Data is processed using Statistical Product Service and

Solution (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows. For identification problem 1 used multiple linear

regression formula, as follows:

Y = a0+ b1X1+b2X2+b3X3+e

Information :

Y = Cultural Tourism



X1 = Building Quality

X2 = Environmental Condition

X3 = Community Participation

a = Constants

b1, b2, b3 = Regression Coefficients

e = Standard Error

To test the effect of these variables simultaneously, then use the F test, namely:

Fcount = 1/)1(

/2

knr

kr

Information :

r2 = Coefficient of Determination

n = Number of Samples

k = Free Degree of numerator

n - k - 1 = Free Degree of the denominator

With the criteria of hypothesis testing, are:

1. If Fcount > FTabel then reject Ho or accept Ha (Hypothesis accepted).

2. If Fcount < FTabel then accept Ho or reject Ha (Hypothesis rejected).

To test partially used T test with the formula, as follows : tcount =

. With the

hypothesis test criteria are: (Erlina et al., 2017; Sirojuzilam et al., 2017; Nasir et al., 2017 and

Azlina et al., 2017)

1. If tcount< tTabel then accept Ho and reject Ha (Hypothesis rejected).

2. If tcount> tTabel then accept Ha and reject Ho (Hypothesis accepted).

(Sudjana, 1992).

The classical assumption test is a statistical requirement that must be met in linear least square

(OLS) linear regression analysis. So regression analysis that is not based on OLS does not

require the requirements of classical assumptions, such as logistic regression or ordinal

regression. Likewise, not all classical assumption assays should be performed on linear

regression analysis (Lubis et al., 2017; Hasan et al., 2017; Tarmizi et al., 2017; Nurlina et al.,

2017, Bongsu et al., 2018; Muda et al., 2018 & Situmorang et al., 2018). Multicolinearity

tests cannot be used in simple linear regression analysis and autocorrelation tests need not be

applied to cross sectional data. The classical assumption test is also not necessary for linear

regression analysis which aims to calculate the value of a particular variable. For example

stock return value calculated by market model, or market adjusted model. The calculation of

the expected return value is done by the regression equation, but it does not need to be tested

for classical assumptions. There are at least five classical assumption tests, namely

multicolinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test, autocorrelation test and linearity

test (Tarmizi et al., 2016; Muda et al., 2016 & Sirojuzilam et al., 2017). There is no definite

provision of which test sequence should be met. The analysis can be done depending on the

existing data. For example, an analysis of all the classical assumption assumptions is

performed, then see which ones do not meet the requirements. Then an improvement on the

test, and after fulfilling the requirements, tested on another test.




4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Result

To examine the influence of building quality, the environmental of building condition and

public participation on cultural tourism in Medan City, the formula of Multiple Linear

Regression equation is used.

Tabel 1 Results of Multiple Linear Regression Test

No. Variable Tourism Building

Coefficient tcount ttabel

1 Constants 4,955 9,116

1,777 2 Building Quality (X1) 0,221 2,649

3

4

Environmental Condition (X2)

Community Participation (X3)

0,238

0,246

2,484

2,322

R 0,862

0,743

0,691

14,680

2,754

1,14557

R2

Ajusted R

Fcount

Ftabel

Standard Error

Source : Data Analysis (2017).

From the results of the tests performed, it can be obtained multiple linear regression

equation as follows:

Y = 4,955+ 0,221X1 + 0,238X2 +0,246X2e

Based on the calculation result, it is known that Fcount > FTabel (14,680 > 2,754), H1 is

accepted and Ho is rejected, it means that the independent variable (X1 and X2) have real

effect on cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the hypothesis is accepted, this

happens because the cultural tourism is influenced by the quality of the building (X1) of

2,649, the condition of the region (X2) of 2.484 and the community participation (X3) of

2,322. Coefficient of determination (R2) shows a value of 0.743 means that independent

variables (X1, X2 and X3) are able to provide explanation of cultural tourism for 74.3%, while

the remaining 25.7% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.

4.2. Discussion

The Influence of Building Quality (X1) on Cultural Tourism

Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that building quality

(X1) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the coefficient shows as 2,649,

meaning if the quality of building increases 1 unit cateris paribus (other factors are considered

fixed) culture will increase by 2,649. By using statistical test tcount > tTabel (2,649 > 1,777), then

H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means that building quality variable (X1) have real effect to

cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the hypothesis is accepted.

The Influence of Environmental Condition (X2) on Cultural Tourism

Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that environment

condition variable (X2) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the coefficient

shows as 2,484, meaning that if environmental condition increases 1 unit cateris paribus

(other factor is considered fixed) culture will increase by 2,484. By using statistical test tcount >

tTabel (2,484 > 1,777), then H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, meaning that environment



condition variable (X2) have real effect to cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus the

hypothesis is accepted.

The Influence of Community Participation (X3) on Cultural Tourism

Based on the results of multiple linear regression, it can be determined that the community

participation variable (X3) has a positive influence on cultural tourism (Y), where the

coefficient shows 2.484, meaning that if the community participation increases 1 unit cateris

paribus (other factors are considered fixed) culture will increase by 2,322. By using statistic

test tcount > tTabel (2,322 > 1,777), then H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means that society

participation variable (X3) have real effect to cultural tourism at 95% confidence level. Thus

the hypothesis is accepted.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of multiple linear regression simultaneously and partially, the quality of

buildings, environmental conditions of historical buildings and community participation

significantly affect the cultural tourism in the city of Medan. Thus, maintaining the quality of

buildings, maintaining environmental conditions and maximizing public participation will

give an overall impact on cultural tourism. Cultural tourism will develop where its existence

will continue and there is no quality degradation, until there is a totality of superiority

characteristics of products and services. These developments will be marked by increased

tourist visits to buildings and historic areas that will drive the economy of the people of

Medan City in general and communities around the building site in particular. Any activity

that takes place in the smallest form will benefit both economically, socially and culturally.

The sustainable cultural tourism is also a direct benefit for the next generation. The next

generation will know the history and development of the city of Medan so as to maintain a

historical heritage preserved by cultural tourism.

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