The Innovation Week on R.E.S.

PV Systems Engineering and the other RES

T.E.I. of Patras with participation of other 13 European

Universities

The Innovation and

Entrepreneurial Spirit

Co-financed by Greece and the E.U. European Social Fund

Prof. S.Kaplanis

1. Welcome

Welcome to Patra to this joint International event

on RES with emphasis on PV systems and the

Innovative & Entrepreneurial spirit.

History

It started as Summer School since 2002-3 with

the support of the SOCRATES Program. In total

more than 20 European Universities have

contributed to its success.

This year we celebrate its 10th Anniversary

Recognition

It received an Award by the E.C. in a European

Competition, as a very important and

influential Initiative, in 2007-8

Also, it is acknowledged as a high Quality

Course in Europe and the only one delivered

in Greece, concerning PV Training

Present Status

• An Initiative under the Unit of Innovation

and Entrepreneurship,

co –funded by the E.S.F. of the E.U. and

the Greek State

within the scope of the

Operational Programme for Education and

Lifelong Learning

2. R.E.S. Importance

• Solar Energy : Huge Electromagnetic Radiation

1.7x 10^17 W with a wide spectrum:

• It is like the Heart in a body:

as it creates-causes Wind- Energy, Hydro cycle,

Biomass……

but of low density as,

Solar Radiation Intensity = 1000 W/m2 at solar noon

in a clear sky

• There is a need for Intelligent systems to convert to

other useful forms of Energy towards Sustainability

• SOLAR ENERGY

• PASSIVE SOLAR

TECHNOLOGIES

•

• WIND ENERGY

• OCEAN ENERGY

• CO GENERATION

• ΒΙOMASS

• PHOTOBOLTAICS

• HYDRO ELEDTRICAL

ENERGY

CLEAN

ENVIROMENT

QUALITY IN

LIFE

SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

LIFE

The Renewable Energy Systems as a factor of

Sustainable Development

Prof. Socrates N. Kaplanis

kaplanis@teipat.gr

http://solar-net.teipat.gr

• Merits: abundant and environmentally clean.

• Requirements: Conversion to Thermal ,

Electricity, Chemical, even Mechanical

• Targets:

Design such Converters, ( solar collectors, PV

cells) and conversion systems

• Management of the Energy System with R.E.S.

in it

• Increase the conversion efficiency and cost-

effectiveness

• Energy Demand :

Electricity- Power

Heat, space heating

Fuel – Transport

• Notice: Rational Uses of Energy and

Power Waste are main issues for

management and progress.

• ( Cogeneration)

Final Energy Consumption by Households in

EEA in mtoe

• 1985 1990 1995 2000

• BE 9.16 8.34 9.32 10.8

• GR 2.81 3.23 3.35 4.50

• IRL 2.13 2.17 2.19 2.50

• PT 2.46 2.29 2.99 2.70

• SE 9.65 6.84 7.78 8.20

• AU 6.99 6.77 7.04 4.80

Unit consumption per Dwelling (toe/dwel)- Unit

consumption for space heating (toe/dwel)

1 toe=41.8 GJ

• 1985 1990 1995 2000

BE 2.35/1.99 2.58/2.18 2.7/2.6 ---

GR 0.83/0.18 1.0/0.2 1.01/0.16 1.1/0.15

IRL 2.15/1.61 2.4/1.8 2.1/1.57 2.3/ 1.7

PT 0.40/0.26 0.53/0.34 ----- ------

SE 2.2/ 1.1 2.2/1.2 2.05/1.04 2.1/1.1

• The RES potential for every region is a MUST to

be assessed

• A campaign for RES, with studies per se is

imperative ( see Intelligent Energy for Europe)

• 1. Assessments

• 2.Solar Energy map

• 3.Wind Energy map

• 4. Hydro potential

• 5. Biomass estimation

• 6. Waves

• 7. Waste treatment

• Cogeneration

• Poly-generation

• Energy Storage

• Hybrids

• New sources

• others

• These are main areas of interest for RTD

3. Legislation

Renewable Energy Road Map:

• To assess the share of RES in the energy mix and the progress made towards the 20% of the total energy consumption from RES by 2020

• Measures to be taken to promote RES in the electricity, bio-fuels and Heating &Cooling

• COM(2006) 848 final , 10.01.2007

• Current Contribution (2005)

Energy Electricity

Biomass 66.1% 15.8%

Hydro-Power 22.2% 66.1%

Wind Power 5.5% 16.3 %

Geothermal 5.5% 1.2%

Solar Power 0.7% 0.3%

( Thermal & PV)

Notice: Heating & Cooling accounts for 50% approx. of the fuel

energy consumption.

No Legislation to promote. Studies required for the impact to

national economies

• For 2010 the target was:

• A 10% of the gross domestic energy

consumption to come from RES. But….

• High costs and no- sensitization on the impact

of fossil fuels to Health and environment

• Administrative problems, where decentralization

of energy production is involved

• Special discriminatory rules are posed

governing grid access.

• Inadequate info to suppliers, customers,

installers

1. Directive 2001/77/EC

• To promote electricity consumption from RES.

If all m.s. met the target set, then by 2010 the

share of RES in electricity would be 21%

2. Directive 2003/30/EC biofuels(5.75% by 2010)

3. Directive 98/70/EC on Fuel Quality…to be

amended to include bio-fuels

4. Competitive and Innovation Framework

Programme. C.I.P. 2007-2013

where environmental and RES technologies are

invited to play a role……new jobs creation

5. The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund COM( 2006) 583 final

6. Directive 2005/32/EC Eco-design reqs for energy saving products

7. Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy performance of Buildings ( OJ L 1(04.01.2003)

8. Renewable Energy: White Paper laying down a Community Strategy and Action plan

9.Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy [COM (2006) 105 final]

10. Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and Directive 2005/32/EC establishing a framework to set ecodesign reqs for energy using products

• The RES Laboratory of the TEI of Patra is

active in RES Education-Training-RTD

• Education:

Offers courses in the 3rd and 4th year to Mech.

Engineers students

• 3rd year:

Solar Energy assessment, Management, Applications,

Solar thermal engineering, Passive solar Buildings

• 4th Year

• PV technologies, Sizing and Solar Buildings.

• Wind Energy assessment, & Technologies,

• Hybrid Systems

• Fuel Cells

• Training

Short Training by course, by placement,

e-training, LdV projects to develop

material

• Collaborations schemes : E&T , RTD

• National range

• European: ERASMUS, LdV, TEMPUS

• International: Egypt, ISR

• FP5 :ADEPT Project on

“ eco-design of products”

• FP6: CRISTAL Project on “Renewables”

• RES Lab. interests and activities

1. Solar Thermal, PV, Hybrids, Intelligent

energy Buildings

2. Integration of solar technologies

elements in the buildings shells: energy

facades, energy roofs, walls, Space

heating

3. Concentrating Parabolic collectors

4. PV generators integrated in building

shells, hybrids, grid tied

• PV + Thermal

• Simulation studies

• Solar energy roofs coupled with floor or wall heating

• Natural ventilation of energy buildings

• Comfort studies in buildings, introduction of solar cooling principles to save energy

• Sizing of PV systems. New cost-effective ways

• PV+Wind Hybrid systems…..production of H2 and feed to Fuel Cells plant

• Intelligent Buildings …predictive load management

• Tele-monitoring and tele-management of RES

• Promotion

Free evening classes

Visiting staff, MSc and Ph D students

web site: solar-net.teipat.gr etc

• Plans to:

• European M.Sc on RES: partners already:

Gr, CY, ISR, IT, ES, CZ, PL, DE BG,RO,

other associate partners:ES,DE,UK,SE,PT,SE

4. Our Initiative

• This is a joint initiative which brings

University actors, Enterprises and Social

Partners,

from various countries together to a Forum of

ideas, designs and products for elaboration,

Forging a spirit of collaboration for Innovations

and Intelligent Application on RES.

5. Outcomes

• The CD to be handed to you will have an ISSN no.

• The speakers are invited, if they like, to

prepare a scientific paper based on their ppt

presentation, and submit it to us.

This will be reviewed as there is an agreement with

the International Journal of Engineering Science

and Technology Review, indexed by Scopus, to

publish a special issue to include the reviewed

papers.

6. Joint Product

• A group of Professors of this International

event were invited to contribute to a Book

on Renewable Energy Systems to be

published this year by

NOVA Science Publishers, N.Y.

Title: Renewable Energy Systems: Theory,

Innovations and Intelligent Applications.

7. Expectations : Needs, Problems, Solutions

The rational management of renewable sources is

getting more and more necessary and demanding.

Emphasis has to be given for a harmonic chain process of :

Production Consumption

Offer Power Demand

Source Load

•Target :

The most cost-effective type of energy in

relation to the

Consumer / loads

(types and load characteristics)

widely Accessible and Available

•The last 30 years after the energy crisis, the

innovations in products and applications based

on R.E.S. are multiplied and developing,

mainly with the introduction and combination

of new technologies

Broader and general target: •Clean environment

•Abundant and Cheap Energy,

•Meeting the energy loads,

• where, when, the proper type.

• Quality in life, Continuous Development,

• Job creation,

• Competitiveness,

• Less dependence… Independence,

• Recognition ,

• Power,

• Production of Goods –Wealth-Welfare

Problems:

• Fluctuations on energy availability;

see the case of Solar and Wind Energy,

• Also, low energy density

• RES are abundant everywhere and

costless;

• However, Inertia is observed

in the implementation of R.E.S. ,

in large scale plants and applications

•Need for:

1.Education and Training at any level;

see in http://solar-net.teipat.gr

CDA : Solar Energy : Technology and

Management

1.1 provided for Engineers, Τechnicians,

Market, Individuals, Institutions, Authorities,

1.2 Continuous and Updated,

serving the Technology Transfer,

the innovations development and cost-

effective applications

• 2. Participation in international networks and partnerships joining various activities.

• 3. Development of S.M.Es and other Institutions to support and develop R.E.S. applications, beyond the small scale lab. or basic research.

• 4.Policy Decision Makers to be in Synergy with R.E.S. and the identified needs .

• The 30% of the energy demand...

due to buildings.

Therefore ,

Integration of R.E.S. technology and

elements into the building shells

Intelligent energy buildings coupled to web

services.

Energy Roofs and Facades

Space Heating and Cooling supported by

R.E.S.

Hot water industrial use

Hybrid systems

Agricultural applications for example .

Crop Drying, Water Purification,

Greenhouse , Air conditioning,

Pumping , Irrigation, Lighting of

Buildings and Streets

Space heating

Energy storage

• Solutions- Tools

Solar -thermal systems with various

types of solar collectors

Hot water or other type of fluid

PV Generators

PV – Thermal ...., Power & Heat

production from the same PV array

PV and wind turbines or a conventional

energy source,

PV and Fuel Cells

Poly-generation.

• Aim of the efforts

To maximize the Useful Energy (gain)

To minimize cost/unit : installation,

operation, service and maintenance

Reduction of loses

Increase of Yield, kWhe/kWp

High P.R. value of the system

Cost – effective Sizing of the R.E.S. units,

Reliable and competitive operation

All those are issues to be managed only inter - disciplinary

Mind the… “System Inertia ”

Measure the Impact and the added value to of this event to its constituents and the social partners

SOLAR COLLECTORS

Types of collectors Stationary

Sun tracking

Thermal analysis of collectors

Performance

Applications Solar water heating

Solar space heating and cooling

Refrigeration

Industrial process heat

Desalination

Solar thermal power systems

Acknowledgement

• Ministry of Education

• E.S.F. of the E.U.

• The Operational Program on Education and LLL

• The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit

• The speakers who came from far away to contribute,

• Our sponsors: Euro Bank, Solar Cells S.A.

Aleo, OTE, GEFYRA S.A. and finally

the persons behind the curtains, invisible who have done

so much work, taking up all the tasks off my shoulders

Types of solar collectors

Motion Collector type Absorber

type

Concentration

ratio

Indicative

temperature

range (°C)

Stationary

Flat plate collector (FPC) Flat 1 30-80

Evacuated tube collector (ETC) Flat 1 50-200

Compound parabolic collector (CPC) Tubular 1-5 60-240

Single-axis

tracking

5-15 60-300

Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) Tubular 10-40 60-250

Parabolic trough collector (PTC) Tubular 15-45 60-300

Cylindrical trough collector (CTC) Tubular 10-50 60-300

Two-axes

tracking

Parabolic dish reflector (PDR) Point 100-1000 100-500

Heliostat field collector (HFC) Point 100-1500 150-2000

Note: Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiver/absorber area of the collector.