the inscribed layer - protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · inscribed...
TRANSCRIPT
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THE INSCRIBED LAYER
CHAPTER 04
1
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Topics
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer§ Inscribed Mechanics
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer§ Inscribed Mechanics§ Inscribed Aesthetics
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer§ Inscribed Mechanics§ Inscribed Aesthetics§ Inscribed Narrative
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer§ Inscribed Mechanics§ Inscribed Aesthetics§ Inscribed Narrative
– Traditional Dramatics
2
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Topics§ The Inscribed Layer§ Inscribed Mechanics§ Inscribed Aesthetics§ Inscribed Narrative
– Traditional Dramatics
§ Inscribed Technology
2
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The Inscribed Layer
3
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The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers
3
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The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
3
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The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
3
![Page 13: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest
3
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The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
3
![Page 15: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
• Which leads to the Dynamic Layer in the next chapter
3
![Page 16: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
• Which leads to the Dynamic Layer in the next chapter
§ Inscribed elements are encoded experiences
3
![Page 17: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
• Which leads to the Dynamic Layer in the next chapter
§ Inscribed elements are encoded experiences– The designers think of an experience
3
![Page 18: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
• Which leads to the Dynamic Layer in the next chapter
§ Inscribed elements are encoded experiences– The designers think of an experience– They encode this experience into the Inscribed Layer
3
![Page 19: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer§ All elements that are directly designed and encoded
by game developers§ Agency and Control
– Completely within the hands of the developers
§ The game at rest– However, a game isn't a game unless someone is playing it
• Which leads to the Dynamic Layer in the next chapter
§ Inscribed elements are encoded experiences– The designers think of an experience– They encode this experience into the Inscribed Layer– Players decode the experience into the Dynamic Layer
3
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The Inscribed Layer
4
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The Inscribed Layer
5
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The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics
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The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact
![Page 24: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
![Page 25: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics
![Page 26: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics– How the game looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and feels
![Page 27: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics– How the game looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and feels
§ Technology
![Page 28: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics– How the game looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and feels
§ Technology– Paper and digital technology that enable gameplay
![Page 29: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics– How the game looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and feels
§ Technology– Paper and digital technology that enable gameplay
§ Narrative
![Page 30: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Inscribed Layer
5
§ Mechanics– Systems that define how the player and game will interact– Includes: Player interaction pattern, Objective, Rules,
Resources, Boundaries
§ Aesthetics– How the game looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and feels
§ Technology– Paper and digital technology that enable gameplay
§ Narrative– Authored premise, characters, and plot
![Page 31: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics
6
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Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
6
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Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games
6
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Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout
6
![Page 35: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules
6
![Page 36: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
6
![Page 37: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics
6
![Page 38: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives
6
![Page 39: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships
6
![Page 40: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships– Rules
6
![Page 41: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships– Rules– Boundaries
6
![Page 42: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships– Rules– Boundaries– Resources
6
![Page 43: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships– Rules– Boundaries– Resources– Spaces
6
![Page 44: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"
– Board Games• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives– Player Relationships– Rules– Boundaries– Resources– Spaces– Tables
6
![Page 45: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?
![Page 46: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?
![Page 47: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?– Rules – What can and can't players do to achieve their goals?
![Page 48: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?– Rules – What can and can't players do to achieve their goals?– Boundaries – Where are the edges of the game?
![Page 49: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?– Rules – What can and can't players do to achieve their goals?– Boundaries – Where are the edges of the game?– Resources – What holds value in the game?
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Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
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§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?– Rules – What can and can't players do to achieve their goals?– Boundaries – Where are the edges of the game?– Resources – What holds value in the game?– Spaces – Where does the game take place?
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Inscribed Mechanics§ The job of a "game designer"!
– Board Games!• Board layout!• Rules!• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers!
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics!– Objectives!– Player Relationships!– Rules!– Boundaries!– Resources!– Spaces!– Tables
7
§ The job of a "game designer"– Board Games
• Board layout• Rules• Cards / Dice / Other Randomizers
§ Seven Inscribed Mechanics– Objectives – What are the player's goals?– Player Relationships – How do players compete & collaborate?– Rules – What can and can't players do to achieve their goals?– Boundaries – Where are the edges of the game?– Resources – What holds value in the game?– Spaces – Where does the game take place?– Tables – What is the statistical shape of the game?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
8
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
– Importance to the player
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
– Importance to the player• The player will not always care about the same things as the player
character
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
– Importance to the player• The player will not always care about the same things as the player
character• According to Steam, Skyrim has been one of their most played
games for over two years, but only 32.2% of players have finished the main storyline. 1 2
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
– Importance to the player• The player will not always care about the same things as the player
character• According to Steam, Skyrim has been one of their most played
games for over two years, but only 32.2% of players have finished the main storyline. 1 2
§ Objectives often conflict with each other
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Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives§ More than just the final objective of the game§ Players are constantly weighing several possible
objectives§ Objectives are categorized by:
– Immediacy• Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Goals
– Importance to the player• The player will not always care about the same things as the player
character• According to Steam, Skyrim has been one of their most played
games for over two years, but only 32.2% of players have finished the main storyline. 1 2
§ Objectives often conflict with each other– An element of "interesting decisions"
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
– ! Cooperative Play
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
– ! Cooperative Play
– ! Player vs. Player
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
– ! Cooperative Play
– ! Player vs. Player
– ! Multilateral Competition
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
– ! Cooperative Play
– ! Player vs. Player
– ! Multilateral Competition
– ! Unilateral Competition
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ In Game Design Workshop, Fullerton lists seven
player interaction patterns– ! Single Player vs. Game
– ! Multiple Individual Players vs. Game
– ! Cooperative Play
– ! Player vs. Player
– ! Multilateral Competition
– ! Unilateral Competition
– ! Team Competition
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ Player relationships and roles are defined by
objectives– Each player has several conflicting, layered objectives
§ Player roles in the game include– Protagonist: Player attempting to conquer the game– Competitor: Player trying to conquer other players– Collaborator: Player working with other players
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ Player relationships and roles are defined by
objectives– Each player has several conflicting, layered objectives
§ Player roles in the game include– Protagonist: Player attempting to conquer the game– Competitor: Player trying to conquer other players– Collaborator: Player working with other players– Citizen: Player in the same game as other players but not
working with or against them
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Inscribed Mechanics: Player Relationships§ Player relationships and roles are defined by
objectives– Each player has several conflicting, layered objectives
§ Player roles in the game include– Protagonist: Player attempting to conquer the game– Competitor: Player trying to conquer other players– Collaborator: Player working with other players– Citizen: Player in the same game as other players but not
working with or against them
§ Each player in a multilateral game can play all of these roles at different times relative to other players.
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions§ In paper games, rules are the designer's most direct
inscription of her vision of the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions§ In paper games, rules are the designer's most direct
inscription of her vision of the game§ In digital games, the programming code can be seen
as the inscription of the rules of the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions§ In paper games, rules are the designer's most direct
inscription of her vision of the game§ In digital games, the programming code can be seen
as the inscription of the rules of the game§ Rules can be explicit or implicit
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions§ In paper games, rules are the designer's most direct
inscription of her vision of the game§ In digital games, the programming code can be seen
as the inscription of the rules of the game§ Rules can be explicit or implicit
– Explicit: Roll the die and advance the number of spaces shown
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Inscribed Mechanics: Rules§ Rules limit players' actions§ In paper games, rules are the designer's most direct
inscription of her vision of the game§ In digital games, the programming code can be seen
as the inscription of the rules of the game§ Rules can be explicit or implicit
– Explicit: Roll the die and advance the number of spaces shown
– Implicit: Don't lie about the number shown on the die
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Inscribed Mechanics: Boundaries
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Inscribed Mechanics: Boundaries§ Define the edges of the space and time in which the
game takes place
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Inscribed Mechanics: Boundaries§ Define the edges of the space and time in which the
game takes place§ Within the boundaries, game resources have value,
and the rules must be followed
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Inscribed Mechanics: Boundaries§ Define the edges of the space and time in which the
game takes place§ Within the boundaries, game resources have value,
and the rules must be followed§ Boundaries are the edge of the "Magic Circle"
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Inscribed Mechanics: Boundaries§ Define the edges of the space and time in which the
game takes place§ Within the boundaries, game resources have value,
and the rules must be followed§ Boundaries are the edge of the "Magic Circle"§ Alternative Reality Games (ARGs) work by
perforating the boundary of the magic circle.
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda• Houses, hotels, and property in Monopoly
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda• Houses, hotels, and property in Monopoly
– Attributes: Numbers representing value in the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda• Houses, hotels, and property in Monopoly
– Attributes: Numbers representing value in the game• Health
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda• Houses, hotels, and property in Monopoly
– Attributes: Numbers representing value in the game• Health• Amount of air left when swimming under water
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Inscribed Mechanics: Resources§ Things that have value in the game§ Two types:
– Assets: Actual objects in the game• Link's equipment in The Legend of Zelda• Houses, hotels, and property in Monopoly
– Attributes: Numbers representing value in the game• Health• Amount of air left when swimming under water• Experience
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks• Does the player have landmarks to help her orient herself?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks• Does the player have landmarks to help her orient herself?
– Experiences
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks• Does the player have landmarks to help her orient herself?
– Experiences• Does the space offer the player interesting experiences?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks• Does the player have landmarks to help her orient herself?
– Experiences• Does the space offer the player interesting experiences?
– Objectives
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Inscribed Mechanics: Spaces§ Navigable spaces in the game
– Both the board in board games and levels in digital games
§ Things to consider when designing spaces:– The purpose of the space
• Why does it exist?• Why is it important to the player?
– Flow of movement• Can the player move through the space easily?
– Landmarks• Does the player have landmarks to help her orient herself?
– Experiences• Does the space offer the player interesting experiences?
– Objectives• Does the space contain short-, medium-, and long-term objectives?
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances– A table could show the relative offensive and defensive strength of two
armies based on the terrain that they inhabit (e.g., Advanced Wars)
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances– A table could show the relative offensive and defensive strength of two
armies based on the terrain that they inhabit (e.g., Advanced Wars)
– Progression
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances– A table could show the relative offensive and defensive strength of two
armies based on the terrain that they inhabit (e.g., Advanced Wars)
– Progression• Tables often hold information about how players abilities increase
and change as their player level increases (e.g., Dungeons and Dragons)
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances– A table could show the relative offensive and defensive strength of two
armies based on the terrain that they inhabit (e.g., Advanced Wars)
– Progression• Tables often hold information about how players abilities increase
and change as their player level increases (e.g., Dungeons and Dragons)
– Playtest Data
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Inscribed Mechanics: Tables§ Tables are grids of game information
– Used extensively for game balance
§ Tables have several purposes, including:– Probability
• Tables can determine probability in very specific circumstances– A table could show the relative offensive and defensive strength of two
armies based on the terrain that they inhabit (e.g., Advanced Wars)
– Progression• Tables often hold information about how players abilities increase
and change as their player level increases (e.g., Dungeons and Dragons)
– Playtest Data• Tables are used extensively in game testing to record information
about the game test and the player's reaction to the game
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Inscribed Aesthetics
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
– Visual Art
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
– Visual Art– Sound and Music
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
– Visual Art– Sound and Music– Tactile Elements
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
– Visual Art– Sound and Music– Tactile Elements– Scented Elements
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Inscribed Aesthetics§ Aesthetics are the elements perceived by the
player's five senses§ Inscribed Aesthetics are those created and inscribed
by the developers of the game§ These include
– Visual Art– Sound and Music– Tactile Elements– Scented Elements– Taste(?)
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
– Box art
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
– Box art– Advertising
18
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
– Box art– Advertising– Font choice
18
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
– Box art– Advertising– Font choice– Game website
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Vision§ Game developers put a tremendous amount of effort
into their visual aesthetic§ Game graphics have improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Not just character models and texturing§ Also includes
– Box art– Advertising– Font choice– Game website
§ All of these must have a consistent visual aesthetic
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
§ Various types of audio are good for different things:
19
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
§ Various types of audio are good for different things:
19
Audio Type Immediacy Best For
![Page 151: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
§ Various types of audio are good for different things:
19
Audio Type Immediacy Best ForSound Effects Immediate Aler,ng the player Conveying simple informa,on
![Page 152: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
§ Various types of audio are good for different things:
19
Audio Type Immediacy Best ForSound Effects Immediate Aler,ng the player Conveying simple informa,on
Music Medium Se:ng the mood
![Page 153: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Inscribed Aesthetics: Hearing§ Audio quality has also improved tremendously over
the last 25 years§ Various platforms have different audio capabilities
– Console and PC audio is very, very high quality– Mobile game audio is often never heard
• Background noise vs. Small speaker size• Owners often mute mobile devices
§ Various types of audio are good for different things:
19
Audio Type Immediacy Best ForSound Effects Immediate Aler,ng the player Conveying simple informa,on
Music Medium Se:ng the mood
Dialogue Medium / long Conveying complex informa,on
![Page 154: THE INSCRIBED LAYER - Protobook.prototools.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06... · Inscribed Mechanics: Objectives! More than just the final objective of the game! ... 1 2! Objectives](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050402/5f7fec1da44ff77d89489d36/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
§ Digital Games
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
§ Digital Games– The tactile sensation of using the game controller
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
§ Digital Games– The tactile sensation of using the game controller
• Many adults have difficulty playing a Nintendo DS for extended periods of time
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
§ Digital Games– The tactile sensation of using the game controller
• Many adults have difficulty playing a Nintendo DS for extended periods of time
• The motions required to play games can also cause player stress (e.g., "controller thumb")
20
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Inscribed Aesthetics: Touch§ Paper Games
– The tactile sensation of holding game pieces• Do they feel high-quality or cheap?• Will they last over time or fall apart?
– 3D printing offers new, exciting possibilities for paper game pieces
§ Digital Games– The tactile sensation of using the game controller
• Many adults have difficulty playing a Nintendo DS for extended periods of time
• The motions required to play games can also cause player stress (e.g., "controller thumb")
• Controller rumble feedback is a designed, inscribed touch sensation
20
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Inscribed Narrative
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
– Character: The people featured in the story
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
– Character: The people featured in the story• All stories are about people, and the best are about people whom we
care about and who are affected and changed by the story
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
– Character: The people featured in the story• All stories are about people, and the best are about people whom we
care about and who are affected and changed by the story– Plot: The sequence of events that take place in the story
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
– Character: The people featured in the story• All stories are about people, and the best are about people whom we
care about and who are affected and changed by the story– Plot: The sequence of events that take place in the story
• Character + Objective + Obstacles = Drama
21
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Inscribed Narrative§ The dramatic elements of a game that have been
designed and inscribed by the game developers§ Four Components
– Premise: The world in which the story takes place• The story's narrative basis• Example: "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"
– Setting: The details of the space in which the story takes place• Example: A moisture farm on the desert planet, Tatooine.
– Character: The people featured in the story• All stories are about people, and the best are about people whom we
care about and who are affected and changed by the story– Plot: The sequence of events that take place in the story
• Character + Objective + Obstacles = Drama
§ Based in traditional dramatics21
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Traditional Dramatics
22
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Traditional Dramatics§ Dramatics have been studied for thousands of years
22
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Traditional Dramatics§ Dramatics have been studied for thousands of years§ Gustav Freytag's Five-Act Structure
22
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Traditional Dramatics§ Dramatics have been studied for thousands of years§ Gustav Freytag's Five-Act Structure
22
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Traditional Dramatics
23
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Traditional Dramatics§ Syd Field's Three-Act Structure
23
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Inscribed Narrative
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate• Methods of allowing limited free will in games
24
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate• Methods of allowing limited free will in games
– Limited possibilities - The player is presented with only a few possibilities to choose from, granting some choice
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate• Methods of allowing limited free will in games
– Limited possibilities - The player is presented with only a few possibilities to choose from, granting some choice
– Optional linear side quests - This gives the player the option to choose which of the side quests she wants to experience while still giving her a single, linear main quest. Some side quests can be mutually-exclusive, giving weight to the choice of side quest.
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate• Methods of allowing limited free will in games
– Limited possibilities - The player is presented with only a few possibilities to choose from, granting some choice
– Optional linear side quests - This gives the player the option to choose which of the side quests she wants to experience while still giving her a single, linear main quest. Some side quests can be mutually-exclusive, giving weight to the choice of side quest.
– Foreshadow multiple possibilities - Foreshadowing works in linear narrative because the author knows what will happen. In interactive narrative, many things can be foreshadowed subtly, and hopefully only those that actually happen will be noticed by the player.
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Plot vs. Free Will• Linear narrative relies on a prescribed plot• Interactive narrative can allow the player free will
– But free will can be expensive and difficult to accommodate• Methods of allowing limited free will in games
– Limited possibilities - The player is presented with only a few possibilities to choose from, granting some choice
– Optional linear side quests - This gives the player the option to choose which of the side quests she wants to experience while still giving her a single, linear main quest. Some side quests can be mutually-exclusive, giving weight to the choice of side quest.
– Foreshadow multiple possibilities - Foreshadowing works in linear narrative because the author knows what will happen. In interactive narrative, many things can be foreshadowed subtly, and hopefully only those that actually happen will be noticed by the player.
– Develop minor NPCs into major ones - If the player fights a number of minor NPCs, let the last one get away and turn into a nemesis for the player. This is most often used in pen and paper roleplaying games.
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar• In linear narratives, the viewer/reader is expected to empathize with
the main character
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar• In linear narratives, the viewer/reader is expected to empathize with
the main character• In interactive narrative, the player is the main character, to some
extent
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar• In linear narratives, the viewer/reader is expected to empathize with
the main character• In interactive narrative, the player is the main character, to some
extent• In a game like Tomb Raider or Halo, the main character has her own
personality that the player takes on like a role.
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar• In linear narratives, the viewer/reader is expected to empathize with
the main character• In interactive narrative, the player is the main character, to some
extent• In a game like Tomb Raider or Halo, the main character has her own
personality that the player takes on like a role.• In a game like World of Warcraft or Skyrim, the player can choose
the kind of character that she wants to be, and the game will respect her decision
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Inscribed Narrative§ Differences between interactive and linear narratives
– Empathetic Character vs. Avatar• In linear narratives, the viewer/reader is expected to empathize with
the main character• In interactive narrative, the player is the main character, to some
extent• In a game like Tomb Raider or Halo, the main character has her own
personality that the player takes on like a role.• In a game like World of Warcraft or Skyrim, the player can choose
the kind of character that she wants to be, and the game will respect her decision
– The in-game character is an avatar of the player
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward• Game narrative can act as a measure of progress in the game
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward• Game narrative can act as a measure of progress in the game
– The progress of the linear game narrative can help a player understand her amount of progress through the game
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward• Game narrative can act as a measure of progress in the game
– The progress of the linear game narrative can help a player understand her amount of progress through the game
• Players are often rewarded by a cutscene at the end of a level
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward• Game narrative can act as a measure of progress in the game
– The progress of the linear game narrative can help a player understand her amount of progress through the game
• Players are often rewarded by a cutscene at the end of a level– Mechanics Reinforcement
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Inscribed Narrative§ Purposes for Inscribed Dramatics
– Evoking Emotion• Writers have learned over centuries how to evoke emotion through
narrative– Motivation and Justification
• Game narrative can give the player a goal and justify her actions in the game
– Progression and Reward• Game narrative can act as a measure of progress in the game
– The progress of the linear game narrative can help a player understand her amount of progress through the game
• Players are often rewarded by a cutscene at the end of a level– Mechanics Reinforcement
• In board games in particular, narrative can help players remember the rules and understand them (e.g., Up the River )
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
– Progression
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
– Progression• The technological design of elements like leveling tables
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
– Progression• The technological design of elements like leveling tables• The technology tree in Civilization was a technological
advancement
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
– Progression• The technological design of elements like leveling tables• The technology tree in Civilization was a technological
advancement– Later used for character leveling choices in Diablo II
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Inscribed Technology§ The technology designed and inscribed by
developers to enable play of the game§ Paper inscribed technology includes:
– Randomization• Dice, spinners, and cards
– State Tracking• Score tracking, tables, and character sheets
– Progression• The technological design of elements like leveling tables• The technology tree in Civilization was a technological
advancement– Later used for character leveling choices in Diablo II
§ Digital inscribed technology is mostly programming code.
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Chapter 4 – Summary§ The four elements of the Inscribed Layer encompass
everything that the player receives when she purchases the game
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Chapter 4 – Summary§ The four elements of the Inscribed Layer encompass
everything that the player receives when she purchases the game
§ The Inscribed Layer is the only layer which the developers have complete control over
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Chapter 4 – Summary§ The four elements of the Inscribed Layer encompass
everything that the player receives when she purchases the game
§ The Inscribed Layer is the only layer which the developers have complete control over
§ When players begin to play a game, it moves into the Dynamic Layer
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Chapter 4 – Summary§ The four elements of the Inscribed Layer encompass
everything that the player receives when she purchases the game
§ The Inscribed Layer is the only layer which the developers have complete control over
§ When players begin to play a game, it moves into the Dynamic Layer
– The topic of the next chapter
28