THE INSTITUTEMO THLY

For: Ma.y : 1914Published By The West Virginia Colored

Institute

EXPENSES LOW

FOR FURTHERINFORMATION,

WRITEHON.M. P. SHAWKEY,Charleston, W. Va.

orPROF. BYRD PRILLERMAN,

Institute, W. Va.

~THE- · INSTITUTE · MON HLY II"Entered as second-class matter January 29,1914, at the post office at Institute,

West Virginia, under the Act of March 3, 1879.VOLUME VI NUMBER VIIDEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE WEST VIRGINIA COLORED INSTITUTE25 Cents the Scholastic Year 5 Cents Per Copy

Contents for May, 1914

PAGE

Editorials

Morrill Day Celebration and Banquet

A Letter from Hon. William Seymour Edwards

Mdme Anita Patti Brown in a Song Recital

A Letter from Mr. J. F. Marsh

Practical Farmers the Pioneers in Establishing the Agricult-

ural Colleges

Institute Notes

Hiawatha

N. B. Communications for publication should be given or sent to the Editor,or Managing Editor. All news will reach these columns through the Editors

EDITOR BYRD PRILLERMAN

MANAGING EDITOR S. H. GussBUSI ESS MANAGER C. E. MITCHELL

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THE I STITUTE MONTHLY 5

thrift and industry are affectingthe masses among whom its grad-uates toil.

We earnestly hope for the day tocome, that its influence will be themost powerful influence in theS ate or ation, outside of thechurch, for social uplift, for prac-tical citizenship, for racial harmo-ny.

Department of the School, andthis part of the function, from be-ginning to end, compared favor-ably with that of caterers of ex-perience.

Mr. A. W. Curtis, director ofAgriculture, and prime mover inthis worthy club, is to be commend-ed for the energy displayed inkeeping alive an interest in agri-culture in this manner.

Following are the program andmenu for the day's functions. Thedifferent toasts were responded tofittingly. Toast master Cunning-ham, kept things cheerful by hishumorous introductions of thedifferent ones.

President Prillerman presidedover the exercises of the day.

PROGRAM

EDITORIALS

of the work than most any otherforce that could be considered

The Monthly wishes the workGod speed.

The West Virginia Colored In-stitute maintains no special depart-ment for the promotion ofcommunity uplift. Provisionshave not been made for the placingof any field agents to carryonschool extension ideas, and yet, ifthe assertions of school board mem-bers school trustees, superintend-ents preachers and businessmen areto be creditde, the school is acquir-ing a greater name from the activityits graduates and ex-students areshowing along the above-lines.

This knowledge has been veryencouraging to the managementof the school. The patrons .havebegun to feel in no uncertain de-gree that the school is fulfillingthe purpose of its founders. It isanswering the requirements ofpractical citizenship in a mannerthat no other system of educationin West Virginia is doing. Insid-uously almost, its doctrines ofclean living, economy, character,

The MONTHLYrejoices to learnthat an effort was made, at a recentmeeting of the heads of two NegroState Schools, at the Bluefield Col-ored Institute, to standardize thework of the Negro State Schools.We only hope that this preliminarymeeting, will be the forerunner ofother meetings at which such plansshall be completed.

There were also present at thismeeting principals from four of theleading public schools of the South-ern end of the State.

The MONTHLYtakes much com-fort from such a conference; be-cause we realize that the best re-sults will accrue to the purpose forwhich the convention was called.

Such a plan was suggested inthese columns two years or moreago, and we stand now, as we didthen, that the conference of theheads of the state schools, partialstate schools, and principals of theleading schools of the state woulddo more to harmonize educationaldifferences, eradicate misunder-standings, standardize the work ofthe schools, and raise the quality

•

Morrill Day Celebration andBanquet

April 14, By The Morrill Agricultural Club.

The special program presentedby the Morrill Agricultural Clubof the West Virginia Colored In-stitute, the second in the historyof the club, by far exceeded inquality its initial effort. Thechoice of subjects for each partici-pant on the program show sensibleadaptation.

Mr George E. Hubbs, supervisorof examinations in the State Sup-erintendent's office was the featureorator of the occasion. He spokein an encouragiug manner.

The speeches of the studentagriculturists were well chosen.

The club was host to a numberof teachers at its second annualbanquet in the evening. Themenu and service was in the fullcharge of the Domestic Science

Toastmaster Mr. A. B. CunninghamWe\come Mr. B. T. ClarkResponse Miss Amanda GambleTo the Ladies P. L. KinkaidResponse Mrs. D. B. CurtisSong M. A. ClubToast-Farmer's Creed J. C. TaylorMorrill Agricultural Club Mr. S. H. GussToast-Country Boy's Creed .. Mr. N. A. MurrayDomestic Science Miss Mary EubankAgricultural Dept Mr. A. W. CurtisRemarks President Prillerman

MENU

Fruit Juice PunchGrape Fruit With Maraschino

Cream Potatoes Soup and Crackers

6 THE INSTITUTE MO THLY

Butter FishMashed Potatoes Garnished With Parsley

Lamb Chops With PeasRolls and Butter

Olives Celery

Sweet pickleAsparagus Salad With French Ores ingSherbert Cake

Salted Almond.Derni Tasse

THE PROGRA:lf

Singing' "America"Prayer

Essay "Soy Beans Grown on Institute Farm"J. M. Ballard.

Oration' Dairying in West Virginia"F. H. Marshal

"The Miller Woofng"Essay

Chorus"Agricultural Resources and Possibilities in W. Va."

O. C. Young•Oration "Why Educate a Farmer"

B. T. ClarkDeclamation "Mans Relation to Animals"

E. G. Cunningham'Lord of the Harve: t"Oration

School"Back to the Farm"

J. S. LetmanOration "The Irnportanee of Agriculture"

Jas. LipscombOration "Justin H. Morrill"

A. B. Cunningham"Hymn of the West Virginians" If/Ill .• '>e)'l1lO1iY Edu/ards

Address By Mr. George E. HubbsSupervisor of Examinations, Charleston, W. Va.

School Song j. lJfcHellry foues

'. ~.,Ij

ALEIIERFROM HON. WILLIAM SEYMOUN. EDWARDS

Johns Hopkins Hospital:Baltimore, Md.,

April 30, 1914.To the Editor of the

INSTITUTE MONTHLY.

Dear Sir:

I ordered through Messrs S. S. Moore & CO'1 Charleston, a picturere-producing the famous bas-releif which adorns Boston Common inMassachussetts, known as the "Shaw Memorial", depicting ColonelShaw riding at the head of his famous egro regiment which he ledso valiantly to battle and in which battle the prowess of the Negro indefending the flag was revealed to an astonished world. It is a greatpiece of sculpture by St. Gaudens, I believe, and this reproduction ofit is a very fine thing, and I think you should have it at Institute toinspire the young men under your teaching with the heroism of theirforefathers.

I would like you to present it to the Institute at the Commence.ment in May, and while I am not well enough to be with you at thattime, you will be able to say to the young men and women whom youare instructing that I always take a deep interest in the progress andSuccess of your institution.

Always faithfully yoursWilliam Seymour Edwards.

MDME. ANITA PATTI BROWNHeard In Song Recital, April 17

The faculty, student body of theschool and citizens of the vicinityand of Charleston, listened toMdme Anita Patti Brown of Chica-go in a Song recital Friday night,of the 17th inst.

Mdme Brown had come heraldedas one of the most accomplishedsingers of the race. Her recitalleft no doubt in the minds of heraudience, that she was a very tune-ful and expressive musician.

A glance at the appended pro-gram will show that the characterof songs selected were such as toshow to her audience, the vanedstyles of the vocalists technique.

Her shading and phrasing of

difficult movements were executedwith a dash, finish a tunefulnessthat rendered them generallypleasing.

Mdme Brown was ably assistedby Mrs Elizabeth Murray Mitchel,our teacher of music, as accom-panist, and Mr. Don W. Jones,our printing instructor and bandmaster, with several violin selec-tions.

The singer was heartily encoredand responded with fervor at dif-ferent times.

Mr. Jones was the receiver ofmuch merited applause.

Following is the program:1. Scherzo (Violin and Piano) Mendelssohn

MR. DON W. JONES

2. (a) Chanson Provencale Del Acqua(b) Swanee River(c) Daddy's Sweetheart Bond

MADAME BROWN3. (a) Canzona Bohm(b) Sarabande Bohm

MR. DON W. JONE4. Mad Scene, Lucia Di Lammermoor Donizetti

MADAME BROWN5. (a) Theme and Variations No. V. (Violin) Dancla

THE INSTITTTTE MONTHLY 9

(b) Autumn(c) In the Gloaming

E. Nevin

MR. DON W. JONES

6. (a) Villanelle(b) Hush a Bye(c) Supposing

Del AcquaBond

BischoffMADAME BROWN

7. African Dance No. IV (Violin)(b) African Dance No. II S. Coleridge-Taylor

MR. DON W. JONES

8. (a) Romanza (Aida)(b) Po Lil Lamb(c) Synnove Song(d) Coming Through the Rye

VerdiBond

Kjerulf

MADAME BROWN

Accompa1list, MRS. E. M. MITCHELL

A LETTER FROM MR. J. F. MARSH

To the Editor of theINSTITUTE MONTHLY.

Dear Sir:I wish to congratulate you upon the appearance and contents of

your summer school announcement. The printing department de-serves much credit for this piece of work.

Very truly yours,J. F. Marsh,

Sec'y. State Board of Regents Charleston, W. Va.

PRACTICAL FARMERSTHE PIONEERS IN ESTABLISHING

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES

There had- been much agitation for agricultural colleges prior to1858, especially in New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and thecoustitution of the State of Michigan, adopted in 1850, made provisionfor an agricultural school or college, which opened in 1857. The Farm-ers' High School of Pennsylvania (now Pennsylvania State College) wasincorporated in 1854 and opened for students in 1859. In 1856 the leg-islature of Maryland incorporated the Maryland Agricultural College,and in that year lh. ~d!rshall F. ~ ilder, d Na~~ad.us€tt£, cbtair.edfrom the legislature of his State a charter of "the trustees of the Mass-achusetts School of Agriculture."

THE MORRILLBILL-1858.

It has not been possible, however, to determine just what particu-lar influence was most operative in inducing Senator Morrill, then amember of the House of Representatives, in 1858 to introduce andpress his measure for education in agriculture and the mechanic arts,but he was guided and supported in this by a considerable number ofpractical men who were actively identified with agriculture.

In a historical address on the Influence of the Morrill Act UponAmerican Higher Education (delivered at the semicentennial exercisesin 1912),President W. O. Thompson, of Ohio, developed the fact, as aresult of his historical studies, that" in the great agricultural Statesthis movement was born and cherished among the progressive audprosperous farmers in the several communities." He showed this bynumerous references to the reports of agricultural societies and meet-ings the country over. There was a widespread movement for a pract-ical type of education which should relate more directly to the every day

THE r STrT TE MO THLY 11

the common people". As Dr. Thompson said: "This new educationalreform sprang, not from the educational philosophers or the profess-ional teachers, but from the rank and file of the people themselves."

Mr. Morrill's bill was first passed in the House of Representativesby a vote of 105 to 100 on April 22, 1858, the first session of the Thir-ty-lith Congress. During the second session of this Congress, on Feb-ruary 7, 1859, the bill passed in Senate by a vote of 25 to 22. Ninedays later the Home agreed to the Senate amendments to the bill. OnFebruary 24, 1859, President Buchanan sent his veto to the House ofRepresentatives. This veto was based on the belief that the time wasinopportune, the possible effect on the relations between the Federaland State Governments, the effect on existing institutions, doubt as towhether it would actually promote the advancement of agriculture, andthe contention that Congress could not appropriate money for educa-tion in the States, hence its aid by means of land grant was of doubt-ful constitutionality. .

THE MORRILLACT OF 1862.

In December, 1861, Mr. Morrill introduced in the House of Repre-sentatives his amended bill which granted 30,000 acres of land for eachMember of Congress for the establishment of colleges in each of theStates, and May 2, 1862, Senator Benjamin Wade, of Ohio, introduceda similar bill in the Senate. Mr. Morrill's bill was reported adverselyin the House by the Committee on Public Lands, but was passed bythe Senate June 10, and nine days later by the House. PresidentLincoln made the bill a law by affixing his signature July 2, 1862.The Morrill Act granted no moneys, but lands from the Federal domain,as mentioned above, the amount being apportioned in accordance withthe representation.

Second Jlft)7Till Ad-As the organization of the land-grant collegesproceeded and the system of technical education in agriculture andother industries was elaborated, it became evident to Mr. Morrill andother friends of industrial education that the income derived from theland-grant funds, even when supplemented by liberal contributions-from the States and other sources, was inadequate to the demands formodern collegiate instruction in such lines. The need of supplementalappropriation by the Federal Goverment was strongly presented by the

12 THE INSTITUTE MONTHLY

agricultural colleges, and especially by their representatives in the Asso-.ciation of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations.

Mr. Morrill (then Senator) accordingly introduced a bill appropri-ating to each State and Territory (out of funds arising from the sale ofpublic lands) for the more complete endowment and maintenance of col-leges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts, establishedunder the act of 1862, the sum of $15,000 for the year ending June 30,1890, and an annual increase of the amount of such appropriation for10 years thereafter by an additional sum of $1,000 over the precedingyear the appropriation at the end of the 10 years to continue at $25,000annually.

This bill was passed and received the approval of President HarrisonAugust 30,1890. Under this act the Secretary of the Interior is chargedwith the administration of the law.

NELSON AMENDMENT FOR 1908.Under the impetus of the second Morrill Act agricultural education

in the colleges developed rapidly and with it came demands for insti-tutions of school grade. The demands on the agricultural colleges forleadership in a variety of lines of work, and especially in matters relat-ing to the development of all forms of agricultural teaching, emphasizedthe need of further appropriation, attention to which was called by thepresident and administration officers of the agricultural colleges, specialemphassis being laid on the necessity for preparation of teachers in ag-riculture.

Accordingly, Senator Knute Nelson introduced an amendment tothe agricultural appropriation bill of the Department of Agriculture forthe fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, providing an additional appropria-tion out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated of$5,000 for the fisal year 1908, and an annual increase of the amount by$5.000 over the preceding year for four years the amount thereafter tobe $25,000 in addition to that carried by the second Morrill Act. Theamendment contained the provision" that said colleges may use a por-tion of this money for providing courses for the special preparation ofinstructors for teaching the elements of agricultrue and mechanic arts."

HATCH ACT OF 1887.The work of the agricultural colleges early developed the need for

THE INSTItUTE MONTHLY 13

agricultural experimentation and investigation, to furnish the basis forthe teaching of agriculture in science and practice. The experience ofEurope in establishing experiment stations for that purpose was eagerlyfollowed an I the investigations of individuals like Liebig in Germanyand Boussingault in France and Lawes and Gilbert at Rothamsted, Eng-land, were widely quoted in the classroom, at agricultural meetings,an I in the public press. Experimental work was inaugurated at severalof the agricultural colleges and an experiment station was provided inConnecticnt in 1875, with an annual State appropriation. Other Statesfollowed, the rapid introduction of commercial fertilizers and the needfor inspection lending impetus for the movement. It soon becan eevident, however, that the results of experiment station work were notre stricted to State b iun Iarie , but that many of them were of nation-wideapplication, and that agricultural investigation needed fostering to anextent which could not be provided for by State funds.

A convention delegates from the agricultural colleges met at Wash-ington in 1883 and discussed and indorsed the project for the establish-ment of experiment stati ns in ccnnection with the colleges, inaccordance with the terms of a bill already introduced in the House dRepresentatives by Hon. C. C. Carpenter of Iowa. The measure, how-ever, failed of sufficient support and it was not put upon its passageIn 1885 a convention of agricultural colleges and experiment stationsmet at Washington, urged the necessity for national aid for investig rtionand experimentation, and indorsed the Cullen bill introduced in theprevious Congress bill was similar in its general provisions to the billafterwards passed by Congress, now populary know as the Hatch Act.

At the next session of Congress Hon. William H. Hatch, of Miss-ouri, introduced a bill for providing an annaul appropriation cf U5,CCOto each State and Territory out of funds proceeding from the sale ofpublic lands for the establishment ancl maintenance of an agriculturalexperiment station, as a department of the land- grant colleges estal lish-ed under the act of 1862. The Commitee on Agriculture made a favor-able report on this bill in March, 1886, and nearly a year later it waspassed by Congress and was approved by President Cleveland March2, 1882.

ADAMS ACT OF 1906.Once the confidence of the agricultural people in the ability ( f the

14 THE INSTITUTE MO THLY

experiment station to aid them was. secured, the demands ~pon the ~ta-tions became enormous· Information of immediate practical applica-tion was particularly. desired, with the result that the funds and thetime of the station employees became quite largely absorbed in study-ing somewhat local questions and working out by the simpler forms ofexperiments questions relating to the culture and fertilizing of crofs,the comparative value of feeds for live stock, the control of injuriousinsects and plant diseases, etc. The inadequacy of the appropriationunder the Hatch Act, although quite liberally supported by State ap-propriations, became widely apparent. The necessity of more thor-oughgoing investigations which should reveal the principles underly-ing agriculture and solve in a more definite and final way the manyproblems growing out of it was emphasized by experiment-station mengenerally and by the Association of American Agricultural Collegesand Experiment ·Stations.

Hon. Henry Cullen Adams, of Wisconsin, who had followed closelythe work of the experiment stations, notably that of the station in hisown State, became so much impressed with this need that he introduceda bill to provide an increased annual appropiation of $15,000 a year, be-ginning with $5,000 in the fiscal year 1906 and increasing by $2,000 an-nually until the amount reached $15,000, the amount thereafter to bepaid under the Hatch Act and the Adams Act to be $30,000 annually tobe each State and Territory.

This bill limited the expenditures to the necessary expenses of con-ductoriginal researches or experiments' and placed the administrationunder Secratary of Agriculture. This bill passed Congress and was ap-proved March 16, 1906.

- ~Veek(yNews Letter fa Crop Co,respondents,

THE INSTITUTE MONTHLY 15

Around the Institute

Miss Mable Reynods of Penn-sylvania and Mr. William Fergusonof West Virginia have been selectedto represent the West Virginia Col-ored Institute in the declamatoryinterschool contest to be held at theGarnett High School in Charleston,April 10th.

Delbert M. Prill erman, Class of1909, has creditably passed his sec-ond term's work in the freshmanclass of the Michigan AgriculturalCollege, Lansing, Mich.

A play, "In the Line of Duty",was given under the auspices of theYoung Men's Christian AssociationFriday evening, April 3rd. It washighly entertaining from begin-ning to end. The Association istrying to send a delegate to theConference to be held in Atlanta,Ga.,in May.

Members of the Institute staffare in great demand as speakers atschool closings this spring. Prof.S. H. Guss spoke at the closingexercises of Miss Eva Parker'sschool at Wake Forrest, Mr. AlonzoC. Ellis at the closing of Mr. JohnBranch's school at Marshes,Raleigh County, where Prof. A. WCurtis conducted a Farmers' Insi-tute; and President Prillermanspoke at the closing exercises of

Mr. DeWitt Meadow's school atN uttallburg. President has ac-cepted invitations to speak at theclossng exercises of the high schoolat Keystone, April 24th, and at theclosing exercises of the schcol atBoomer, May 6th.

Prospects are bright for goodattendance at the Summer School.Several teachers have signifiedtheir intention to be present.'State Superintendent of FreeSchools has approved a definite ar-rangement whereby teachers mayreceive diplomas for a certain a-mount of work done in the Sum-mer School. All teachers interest-ed in this matter should writePresident Byrd Prillerman for fur-ther information.

On March 25, the Alpha BibleClass finished the series of exami-nations offered by the Departmentof Teacher Training for the W.Va. Sunday School Association,and the following from the Classhave been notified of their success:Misses M. E. Eubank, and C. RuthCampbell, head of the DomesticScience and teacher of Cookingrespectively, Minnie Wilson, Cath-erine Gamble, Mozetta Page,Willa Townsend, Esther Grandi-son, and Mr. Turner Dixie.

Mr. H. D. Clark Supt. of theassociation will present diplomasto each at a Commencement exer-

16 THE INS TIT UTE 1\10 NTH L Y

cise to be held in the near future.Miss Eubank and Mr. Dixie are

Hiawatha

The juvenile department of theSchool, under the management ofMiss Garnett Harris, a member ofthe Senior Normal Class of 1914,presented a dramatization of Long-fellow's Hiawatha Friday night the2nd inst, in Chapel.

Visitors from Charleston and thevicinity were present and all 'de-clared the play very enjoyable.

The children read' their lines

the first and second honor eligiblesrespectively.

well, gave the indian dances andscenes bordering upon the realis-tic, and were costumed in a man-ner befitting the parts,

Mr. Walter Clarkson as Hiwathawas highly commended for themanner in which he rendered hislines.

Quite a tidy sum, was realize}!from. the admission fee charged ..

Miss . Harris was cordiallythanked fo~ the evenings pleasure.

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T .•:)