the integumentary system
DESCRIPTION
The Integumentary System. More Than Skin Deep Cell Cycle. TAKS. TAKS Objective 2 – The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment. TEKS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Integumentary The Integumentary SystemSystem
More Than Skin DeepMore Than Skin Deep
Cell CycleCell Cycle
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TAKSTAKS
• TAKSTAKS Objective 2Objective 2 – The student will – The student will demonstrate an understanding demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the of living systems and the environment.environment.
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TEKSTEKS
• The student knows the structures and The student knows the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected toof genetics. The student is expected to
(A)(A)describe components of describe components of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA);deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); and and illustrate how information fro specifying illustrate how information fro specifying traits of an organism is carried in the DNA;traits of an organism is carried in the DNA;
(B)(B)explain replicationexplain replication, transcription, and , transcription, and translation using models of DNA and translation using models of DNA and ribonucleic acidribonucleic acid
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EngageEngage
• Humans shed their Humans shed their entire epidermis entire epidermis every 15 to 30 every 15 to 30 days.days.
• Bloodhounds Bloodhounds detect this upon detect this upon trackingtracking
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Explore 1: Cell Cycle Explore 1: Cell Cycle ResearchResearch
• Student will complete a cell cycle Student will complete a cell cycle diagram with detailed description of diagram with detailed description of cellular activity in each of the cell cellular activity in each of the cell cycle phases.cycle phases.
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Cell CycleCell Cycle
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Explain: Cell CycleExplain: Cell Cycle
• All cells constantly replace All cells constantly replace themselves by a process called themselves by a process called mitosis, which is a small section of mitosis, which is a small section of the cell cycle.the cell cycle.
• New skin cells push the older New skin cells push the older generation of cells toward the generation of cells toward the surface of the skin, where they are surface of the skin, where they are finally shed as a flake-like, lifeless, finally shed as a flake-like, lifeless, residueresidue
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includes
is divided into is divided into
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Cell Cycle
M phase (Mitosis)
Interphase
G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase
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The Cell Cycle?
Cell cycle - changes a cell goes through during its life span.
contains 2 main steps. 1.Interphase (LONGEST phase of the
cell cycle and has three parts) G1 (Everyday Cellular Activity) S (DNA Synthesis) G2 (Other Organelles Replicated)
2. M-Phase or Mitotic Phase (Shortest phase)
Mitosis (Nuclear Division) Cytokinesis (Cytoplasm Division)
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Explore 2: S Phase Berry Full of DNA Lab
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Photo 51 Scientific contributions to the discovery
of the DNA structure.
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Review: Interphase (G1)
• What is the main purpose of a cell that is in G1?• G1 Phase: During this stage the cell is carrying on its
everyday activities.• If the cell’s surface to volume ratio gets too big then
the cell must get ready to divide.• Do some cells entering a resting state?• What is this phase called?• G0 Phase: Resting State - Some cells leave the cell
cycle and stay here much longer than others ex) brain, nerve, etc…
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Purines Pyrimidines
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine
Phosphate group Deoxyribose
Explain: DNASection 12-1
Nucleotides
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Hydrogen bonds
Nucleotide
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Structure of DNASection 12-1
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DNA Deoxyribose Sugar Base Pairs
A-T G-C
Phosphate
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What is a Nucleotide?The basic building block of nucleic acids
containing a sugar, base, and a phosphate.
P B
S
S = Deoxyribose Sugar or Ribose SugarB = Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine or UracilP = Phosphate
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Sugar
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Bases(Nitrogenous Bases)
These chemicals are often called nitrogenous bases because of the high content of nitrogen (N) atoms
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Purines
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Pyrimidines
1) Cytosine (C) 2) Thymine (T) 3) Uracil (U)
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Phosphate
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Nucleotide
The Sugar and the Phosphate make up the backbone of the structure
The bases make up the rungs of the ladder
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Different Types of Nucleotides in DNA
Deoxy---Adenine |
P
Deoxy----Thymine |
P
Deoxy---Cytosine |
P
Deoxy----Guanine |
P
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Many Nucleotides Together
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Parts of DNA and RNA Have a
Sugar/Phosphate Backbone
Bases make up the steps of the ladder
A-T---DNA A-U---RNA G-C---DNA & RNA
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DNA Structure
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Practice On your paper, complete the missing
DNA strand by adding the complementary bases.
A T C G T T G C C A T C T A G C A A C G G T A G
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DNA Replication A Closer Look
» DNA before replication: 1 double helix» » »
» DNA after replication: 2 identical double helixes
»
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DNA ReplicationSection 12-2
Growth
Growth
Replication fork
DNA polymerase
New strand
Original strand DNA
polymerase
Nitrogenous bases
Replication fork
Original strand
New strand
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Getting Ready
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Step 1Unwinding and Unzipping
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Unwind and UnzipHelicase Enzyme
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Step 2Separates
Polymerase Enzyme
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Step 3Picking up Complementary Bases
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Separation and Adding Bases5’----3’
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Step 4Rewind
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Two New DNA Molecules
• Each DNA Molecule with a Parent and Daughter Strand
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Interphase (G2)
• G2 phase: The rest of the cell’s organelles are reproduced.
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Elaborate: DNA Jewelry