the integumentary system chapter 4. integumentary system zstructure z epidermis z dermis z...
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The Integumentary System
Chapter 4
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Integumentary System
Structure EpidermisDermisSubcutaneous
Functions of the skin
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The “Birthday Suit”Combination of 4 main
tissuesEpithelial – outer layerConnective – underlies & connects dermisSmooth Muscle – erect hairNervous – sensory receptors
Structure allows it to carry out many functionsProtection, hydration, sensation, color, temperature regulation, etc.
Very durable
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Functions of the Skin
ProtectionTemperature regulation
SensationsStorage of chemical compounds
Excretion of wastes
Synthesis of compounds
Determines characteristics
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Structure of the Skin2
principal partsEpidermisDermis
Beneath the DermisSubcutaneous
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EpidermisStratified squamous epithelium
Approximately every month we shed entire skin surface
Consists of keratinocytes
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Layers of the Epidermis (bottom to top)
Stratum Germinativum Cuboidal cells Mitosis occurs
Stratum Spinosum Germinal cells shrink
Cells look spiny
Stratum Granulosum Produces keratohyaline & keratin
Cells die
Stratum Lucidum Found only in thick skinned or calyces areas (hands, feet, elbows, knees)
“Clear layer” Filled with keratin
Stratum Corneum Multiple dead layers
“Cornified” Waterproof
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Layers of the Epidermis
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Variations in Skin Color
Pigments Melanin
Produced by melanocytesProtects skin from UV rays
CaroteneRed pigment of “gingers”
Lack of pigment
Albino
Dermal blood supply “Blushing”
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Epidermis & Dermis
Epidermis is avascular (contains no vessels)
Dermis is highly vascular (contains blood vessels)
Epidermis receives nourishment from dermis
Cells furthest away from nourishment die
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Dermal Layer2 layers
Papillary layer Reticular layer
Connective tissue
Loose Fibrous (collagen firm & elastic)
Adipose
Contains Blood vessels Nerves Glands Hair follicles
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Papillary LayerMost superficial layer
Loose connective tissue
Surface area increased by papillae Form fingerprints for grip
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Reticular LayerDeeper layerDense, irregular connective tissue (collagen)
Contains Blood vessels Glands Deep pressure receptors
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Subcutaneous LayerLoose connective
tissuePacked with adipocytes (fat cells)
Stabilizes position of skin, shock absorber, energy storage/source
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Epidermal Appendages
HairGlandsNails
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Hair (Pili)Came with mammalsEmbryological development & distribution
Life span of hairWhat does hair do for mammals?
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Functions of Hair
ProtectionThermoregulationSensoryMinor? role in humans
beauty
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Hair Structure
ShaftSuperficial
RootBelow surface
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Hair StructureMedulla
Soft core
CortexHard core
Gives hair stiffness
CuticleOutermost layer
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Hair Develops in Follicles
Location Deep in dermis
Structure External root sheath
Internal root sheath
BulbContains matrix
Hair papillaContains blood vessels and nerves
http://www.tgfolk.net/sites/gtg/tfb-elect.html
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Arrector PiliSmooth muscle attaches to follicle
Raises hairsEmotional response, cold
Function- traps air
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GlandsSebaceous glands
Connected to hair folliclesSecrete a waxy, oily substance (sebum)
Develop in utero at about 5 months
Secretion increases at puberty
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GlandsSweat glandsEccrine glandsFound just about everywhere (esp. palms & soles)
Produce “perspiration”Water, salt, met. wastes
http://www.pg.com/science/skincare/Skin_tws_35.htm
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GlandsSweat glands (scent glands)Called Apocrine sweat glands
Specific type of sweat gland
Found near hair folliclesAxillary & genital regions
Develop at puberty
http://www.pg.com/science/skincare/Skin_tws_35.htm
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The Skin with Sweat Glands
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NailsDorsal surfaces of ends of fingers & toes
Primate featureGrasping
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Nail Structure
Nail bodyFree edgeNail root
Matrix
Lunula (moon)
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Skin Cancer- MelanomaSquamous Cell
Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.