the integumentary system unit-d
DESCRIPTION
The Integumentary System Unit-D. Explain the structures of the Integumentary System Layers of Skin. 1H04.01. EPIDERMIS Outermost layer of the skin. 2 (of 3) epidermal layers are: · Stratum corneum · Stratum germinativum. Outermost layer of the epidermis - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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1H04.01
• Explain the structures of the Integumentary System
• Layers of Skin
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EPIDERMISOutermost layer of the skin
• 2 (of 3) epidermal layers are:• ·Stratum corneum• ·Stratum germinativum
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STRATUM CORNEUM • Outermost layer of the
epidermis In cells, cytoplasm
replaced by KERATIN – making them waterproof.
• ¨Flat and scale-like cells that flake off.
• ¨First line of defense against surface bacteria.
Repair itself if injured
• Thickest on palms of hands, soles of feet
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STRATUM GERMINATIVUM Innermost epidermal
layer• ¨Reproductive layer –
cells form and push their way up, become keratinized, and replace the top layer
• Contains MELANOCYTES – cells that contain a pigment = MELANIN
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MELANIN 1. Black, brown, or has a
yellow tint – depending on racial origin
2. The more melanin, the darker the skin
3. Caucasians don’t have much melanin in their melanocytes.
4. Freckles = patches of melanin
5. Albinism = no melanin Exposed to sunlight causes a
darken of melanocytes.
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MELANOCYTES
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PAPILLAE Ridges in stratum
germinativum that arise from dermis
Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms and soles of feet
These “friction ridges” help with grip & Cause “fingerprints”
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DERMIS • Thicker inner layer
that contains:• 1. Connective tissue 2. Blood vessels 3. Nerve endings 4. Muscles 5. Hair follicles 6. Oil and sweat glands 7. Fat cells
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NERVE RECEPTORS IN DERMIS
• ·Sensory nerves – heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure
• ·Touch receptors close to the surface
• ·Pressure receptors are deeper
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SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER• ·Lies under the
dermis (not really part of integumentary system)
• ·Made up of loose connective tissue
• Contains half of the body’s stored fat so undergo the most change with wt. gain.
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APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN• HAIR• ·Almost everywhere on the
body• ·Length, thickness, type and
color varies• Outer layer = CORTEX• Inner layer = MEDULLA• Part under the skin = ROOT• Visible part of hair is the =
SHAFT• FOLLICLE = hollow tube in
the dermis, which hair grows in.
• PAPILLA = tuft of tissue in root, contains capillaries
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APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN• ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE = smooth muscle
attached to follicle. Causes the skin to pucker when exposed to a chill.
• NAILS• · Nail is formed in the nail bed or MATRIX• Epidermal cells fused together and fill with keratin
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SWEAT GLANDSSUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
• ·Perspiration is 99% water
• ··Distributed over the entire skin surface
• ·Large numbers AXILLA under the arms, palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead
• Under arm odor caused by bacteria mixed with sweat.
• ·Duct extends to form a pore in the skin, perspiration excreted through the pores
• ·May be activated by heat, pain, fever and nervousness
• ·Average fluid loss is 500 ml per day
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SEBACEOUS GLANDS
• Oil (SEBUM) producing gland of the skin that protects and lubricates.
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1H04.02
• Analyze the functions of the Integumentary System
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM• Skin = Integument = Cutaneous
Membrane• 7 Functions:• 1.Protective covering• 2.Regulates body
temperature• 3.Manufactures Vitamin D• 4.Sensory function• 5.Temporary storage of fat,
glucose, water and salts• 6.Screens out harmful
ultraviolet radiation• 7. Absorbs certain drugs • Topical drugs-lotions, birth
control patches ect..
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PROTECTION Intact skin = best
protection from germ invasion, pathogens, toxins and water loss
Skin generally too dry for microbial growth – they do grow in moist areas
Most skin bacteria
associated with hair follicles or sweat glands
Best way to prevent spread of infection of disease is handwashing
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1H04.03
• Discuss characteristics & treatment of common skin disorders.
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DISORDERS OF THE SKIN• ACNE • ¨Common and chronic
disorder of sebaceous glands
• ¨Sebum (oil) plugs pores, deposits hardens & pores are plugged, fills with leukocytes.
• ¨Also – blackheads, cysts, pimples and scarring
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AlbinismAbsence of melanin
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Alopecia/Baldness
• Normal hair is replaced by a very short, transparent hair.
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DISORDERS OF THE SKIN• ATHLETE’S FOOT• ¨Contagious fungal
infection• ¨Usually contracted
in public baths and showers
• ¨Rx – anti-fungal agents
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DISORDERS OF THE SKIN• DERMATITIS• ¨Non-specific
inflammation of skin• ¨Can be rash –
reaction to soap, plants, substance.
• ¨Can be emotional – stress can cause skin blotches
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DISORDERS OF THE SKIN• GENITAL HERPES• ¨Viral• ¨Blister in genital area
• ¨Spread through sexual contact
• ¨Periods of remission and exacerbation
• ¨Rx – Acyclovir
• ¨Can be passed to newborn during vaginal delivery
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TANNING
• Sunlight stimulates melanocytes to make more melanin
• Tanning produced by UV rays.
• Primary cause of skin cancer is direct sunlight.
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SKIN CANCER
¨Associated with exposure to sun (UV rays)
• Most common type of cancer in people
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DISORDERS OF THE SKIN• MALIGNANT MELANOMA• ¨Occurs in melanocytes• ¨Metastasizes to other areas
quickly• ¨ Appears as brown or black
irregular patch that occurs suddenly
• ¨A change in an existing wart or mole may indicate melanoma
• ¨Rx – surgical removal of melanoma and surrounding area and chemotherapy
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Skin Cancer: Words• 1. Benign:
– Not dangerous.
• 2. Biopsy: – Removal of a small piece of tissue for
examination under a microscope.
• 3. Lesion: – A change in the structure or
appearance of a part of the body as the result of an injury or infection.
4. Malignant: Threatening to life.
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FIRST DEGREE BURN
• ¨Superficial • ¨Skin red and dry• ¨Involves only
epidermis• ¨ Rx – cold water• Healing within one
week
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SECOND DEGREE BURN
• ¨Epidermis and dermis • ¨Pain, swelling,
redness and blistering• Subject to infection• ¨Skin may be exposed
to infection• ¨Rx – pain medication,
dry sterile dressing• Healing within 2 weeks
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THIRD DEGREE BURN
• Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers (full thickness)
• Loss of skin, blackened skin
• May be life threatening• Rx-prevention of
infection, fluid replacement, skin grafting
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• RULE OF NINES – Measures percent of body burned. Body divided into 11 areas, each is 9% of body surface.
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