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THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES INTO ENGLISH
NOUN PHRASES AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA ISLAM TERPADU
WAHDAH MAKASSAR
(A Descriptive-Qualitative Research)
A THESIS
Submitted to the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah
University of Makassar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Education in English Department
HERNI K
10535 5948 14
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR
2020
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UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
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Jalan Sultan Alauddin No. 259Makassar
Telp : 0411-860837/860132 (Fax)
Email : [email protected]
Web : www.fkip.unismuh.ac.id
SURAT PERJANJIAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Herni K
Nim : 10535594814
Jurusan : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Judul Skripsi : The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English
noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar
Dengan ini menyatakan perjanjian sebagai berikut:
1. Mulai dari penyusunan proposal sampai selesainya skripsi ini, saya akan
menyusun sendiri skripsi saya (tidak dibuatkan oleh siapapun).
2. Dalam penyusunan skripsi saya akan selalu melakukan konsultasi dengan
pembimbing, yang telah ditetapkan oleh pimpinan fakultas.
3. Saya tidak akan melakukan penjiplakan (Plagiat) dalam menyusun skripsi
saya.
4. Apa bila saya melanggar perjanjian saya seperti butir 1, 2, dan 3, maka saya
bersedia menerima sanksi sesuai aturan yang berlaku.
Demikian perjanjian ini saya buat dengan penuh kesadaran.
Makassar, Desember 2020
Yang membuat perjanjian
Herni K
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
viii
Jalan Sultan Alauddin No. 259Makassar
Telp : 0411-860837/860132 (Fax)
Email : [email protected]
Web : www.fkip.unismuh.ac.id
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini:
Nama : Herni K
Nim : 10535594814
Jurusan : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Judul Skripsi : The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English
noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa:
Skripsi yang saya ajukan di depan TIM Penguji adalah ASLI hasil karya
saya sendiri, bukan hasil ciplakan dan tidak dibuatkan oleh siapapun.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya dan saya bersedia
menerima sanksi apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar.
Makassar, Desember 2020
Yang membuat pernyataan
Herni K
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto:
So when you have finished (your duties), then
stand up (for worship).
―QS. Al Insyirah (94) : 7
And to your Lord direct (your) longing.
―QS. Al Insyirah (94) : 8
Dedication:
This Thesis for My Big Families
For My Beloved Parents
and also
My Own Self
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ABSTRACT
HERNI K, 2020. The Interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English
noun phrases at The Eleventh Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah
Islamiyah Makassar(A Descriptive-Qualitative Research).Thesis of English
Department. The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah
University of Makassar. Supervised by Andi Tenri Ampa and Eka Prabawati
Rum.
This research aims to find out: (1) the forms of the interference of
Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA
Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar (2) the dominant of the interference of
Indonesian noun phrases into English phrases at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam
Terpadu Wahdah Makassar, Academic Year 2019/2020
The researcher used descriptive qualitative as research design. The data
analysis used theory proposed by Miles and Huberman's model. The sample of
this study was 23,24(25%) students of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar by
using Purposive Sampling. The instrument the research used is written test
consisting of outline in writing a descriptive text.
The findings of this research showed that using Contrastive method to
collected the data. The students interferences in using noun phrase in their
descriptive text were classified into seven kinds of interference of Indonesian
noun phrase and english noun phrases then three categories. Those head,
premodifier and postmodifier. Head divide into wrong placement of head and
noun phrases and wrong from of noun phrases. While for premodifier that diveide
were determiner, enumerator and adjective. And the other kinds of interference
related to postmodifier that divide into prepositional phrase and relative clause.
Head interference was 103 premodifier interference was 22 and postmodifier
interference was 8.
The result of the research that the dominant lies on the used of head
interference on noun phrases in their descriptive writing. In relation to this, it is
suggested that eleventh grade students of SMA Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar
shoud be given intensive exercises on head on noun phrase in their writing. It is
quite necesssary for the eleventh grade and the teacher of SMA Islam Tepadu
Wahda Makassar to be informed about the result of this study. So that they can
improve their teaching learning process.
Key words:Interference, Indonesian noun phrases & English noun phareses,
Descriptive Qualitative.
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ABSTRAK
HERNI K, 2020. Interferensi Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Indonesia ke Frasa
Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris di Kelas XI SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah
Islamiyah Makassar (Penelitian Deskriptif-Kualitatif). Skripsi Jurusan Bahasa
Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah
Makassar. Dibimbing oleh Andi Tenri Ampa dan Eka Prabawati Rum.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) bentuk-bentuk interferensi frasa
nomina bahasa indonesia ke dalam frasa nomina bahasa inggris pada siswa kelas
sebelas SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar (2) dominannya interferensi frasa
nomina bahasa indonesia ke frasa bahasa inggris pada kelas sebelas SMA Islam
Terpadu Wahdah Makassar Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Peneliti menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif sebagai desain penelitian. Analisis data
menggunakan teori yang dikemukakan oleh model Miles dan Huberman. Sampel
penelitian ini adalah 23,24 (25%) siswa SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Makassar
dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan
adalah tes tertulis yang terdiri dari garis besar dalam menulis teks deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode
Kontrastif. Gangguan siswa dalam menggunakan frase nomina dalam teks
deskriptifnya diklasifikasikan menjadi tujuh macam interferensi frase nomina
bahasa Indonesia dan frase nomina bahasa Inggris kemudian tiga kategori. Kepala
itu, premodifier dan postmodifier. Pembagian kepala menjadi penempatan yang
salah dari frasa kepala dan kata benda dan salah dari frasa kata benda. Sedangkan
untuk premodifier yaitu diveide yaitu determiner, enumerator dan adjective. Serta
gangguan lain yang berhubungan dengan postmodifier yang terbagi menjadi
prepositional phrase dan relative clause. Interferensi kepala 103 gangguan
pramodifier 22 dan gangguan postmodifier 8.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang dominan terletak pada penggunaan
interferensi kepala pada frase nomina dalam penulisan deskriptifnya. Sehubungan
dengan hal tersebut, disarankan agar siswa kelas XI SMA Wahdah Islamiyah
Makassar diberikan latihan intensif tentang kata benda pada tulisannya. Hasil dari
penelitian ini sangat penting bagi siswa kelas sebelas dan guru SMA Islam
Tepadu Wahda Makassar. Sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan proses belajar
mengajar mereka.
Kata kunci: Interferensi, Frase Kata Benda Bahasa Indonesia & Kata Benda
Bahasa Inggris Phareses, Deskriptif Kualitatif.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Robbil ‘Alamiin, first I would like to express my
deepest praise and gratitude to Allah SWT who has given me his blessing and
merciful to complete this thesis. Shalawat and salam are addressed to the final,
chosen, religious messenger, the Prophet Muhammad Shalallahu alaihi wassalam.
In preparing complicating this thesis, the researcher found many
problems that could not be solve by the researcher herself. However, the great
help and support from the people around her made everything was running well.
The researcher deeply express many thanks to those who had given their help,
guidance, support, advice, and open constructive criticism. The researcher really
knows without them, the researcher would be unable to finish this thesis, so the
researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to them. They are as follow:
1. Prof. H. Ambo Asse, M.Ag, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Makassar for his advices during his study at the university.
2. Erwin Akib, S.Pd., Ph.D, the Dean of FKIP Muhammadiyah University of
Makassar for his signature, support and motivation.
3. Ummi Khaerati Syam, S,Pd., M.Pd, the lead of English Education
Depaerment of FKIP Muhammadiyah University of Makassar for her
signature, support and motivation.
4. The researcher’s high appreciation and great thankfullness are due to
consultans, Dr. Hj. Andi Tenri Ampa, M.Hum and the second consultant, Eka
Prabawati Rum, S.Pd., M.Pd who had given me guidance, correction, and
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support since the preliminary state of manuscript till the completion of the
thesis.
5. My deep appreciation for the headmaster of SMA Wahdah Islamiyah
Makassar, Darm, S.A.g. M.Pd.I and English teacher, Andi Effy, S.Pd.M.P.d
and also all staffs and the students who have spared their tome and activities
for bring subject of this research.
6. My special heartfelt to my beloved father, my beloved brothers and sisters
who always sacrifice, love, care, support for financial and pray for her safety
and every success of mine.
Eventually, the researcher realized that this thesis is still for from perfection
and still needs suggestion and critics. Thus enhancement from this thesis as
strongly needed. I hope that this thesis will be useful for many people who
Allah the almighty needed may bless us. Aamiin.
Makassar, Desember 2020
Herni K
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER PAGE ...................................................................................... ……… i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................ iii
COUNSELLING SHEET 1 .............................................................................. iv
COUNSELLING SHEET 2 .............................................................................. v
SURAT PERJANJIAN ..................................................................................... vii
SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. viii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................. xvi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... .. xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................... xix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... . 1
A. Background ................................................................................. 1
B. Problem Statement ..................................................................... 4
C. Objective of The Research .......................................................... 5
D. Significance of The Research ..................................................... 5
E. Scope of The Research ................................................................ 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................... 6
A. The Concept of Interference ....................................................... 6
1. The Concept of Intereference ................................................ 6
B. Contrastivies Analysis of English Noun phrase and Indonesian
Noun Phrase ................................................................................ 9
1. Indonesian Noun Phrase ........................................................ 11
a. PreModifier ..................................................................... 11
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b. Head ............................................................................... 12
c. Postmodifier ................................................................... 12
d. The Structure of Indonesian noun phrase ........................ 13
2. English Noun Phrases
a. Determiner ...................................................................... 16
b. Adjectives ....................................................................... 17
c. Prepositional ................................................................... 17
1) Head ........................................................................... 18
2) Premodifier ................................................................ 19
3) Postmodifier ............................................................... 20
4) Structure of english noun phrase ............................... 22
C. Differences of Indonesian Noun phrase and and English Noun
phrase stucture ............................................................................. 22
1. Similarities BetweenIndonesian and English ................... 26
D. Conceptual Framework ............................................................... 26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 29
A. Research Method ........................................................................ 29
B. Variable and Indicator ................................................................. 30
C. Population and sample ................................................................ 30
D. Instrument of the research ........................................................... 31
E. Technique of data Collection ..................................................... 31
F. Data analysis .............................................................................. 32
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................ 33
A. Findings ....................................................................................... 33
1. The kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and
english noun phrases. ........................................................... 33
B. Discussions .................................................................................. 34
1. The interference in head ....................................................... 44
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2. The Interference in premodifier ........................................... 50
3. The Interference in Postmodifier ......................................... 53
4. The Dominant Interference of Students in Using head,
premodifier and postmodifier in descriptve writing ............ 46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................... 58
A. Conclusion................................................................................... 58
B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................ 17
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LIST OF TABLES
Tabel Page
2.1 The structureof Indonesian Noun Phrase ................................................... 13
2.2 The structure of english noun phrase ........................................................ 14
2.3 Noun phrase is including premodifier, the head and post modifier ........ 25
2.4 The kinds and the examples of modifier, Premodifier & postmodifier .... 18
2.5 The structure of english noun phrase ......................................................... 22
2.6 The differences ofIndonesian noun phrase and english noun ...................
phrase structure ........................................................................................ 23
2.7 Predection of The interference of Indonesian noun phrase and English noun
phrase
.......................................................................................................................... 34
4.1 The Findings of interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing
in the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun
phrase..... ................................................................................................... 42
4.2 The interference of Indonesiannoun phrase into English writing in head
................................................................................................................... 43
4.3The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun phrases in
postmodifier. ............................................................................................. 53
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Instruments
APPENDIX 2 Outline of Instruments
APPENDIX 3 The Result of Data Analysis
APPENDIX 4 The Answer of Respondents
APPENDIX 5 The List Of Participant Identity
APPENDIX 6 Documentation
APPENDIX 7 Curriculum Vitae
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
English is one of the languages whose existence is increasingly felt by
the world community. Therefore, the United Nations has made this language one
of the official languages. Based on research conducted by Unesco, approximately
71% of Islamic writing is done in French, German, and English, with English
occupying 62% of the output (Budiarti, A, 2013)
In Indonesia, English has long been taught in junior high schools, senior
high schools, and universities. Even today, in some places English is given at the
primary school level. This shows that English is very important and needs to be
mastered by students for the benefit of science.
English, like all natural languages, has structure rules. The characteristics
of English concern, among other things, the inflectional nature of language. This
is different from Indonesian which is agglutinative. As Indonesians find hard to
understand by the different systems of English from Indonesian such as in the use
of sentence or noun phrase structure.
The pattern of constructing in English is different from Indonesian
language. They realize the importance of English in the international world and a
subject that required for school and college, Indonesian people also learn English.
They will try to speak or write English as fluently as they can in spite of the fact
that in Indonesian English is foreign language.
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The people need communication and the human communication through
3 ways, namely speaking, writing and sign language. In daily activity,they use
Indonesian to interact with their family, friends,meetings, at schools and others
around them. for instance, teachers and students use Indonesian as their language
for communication. In this case, Indonesian is more dominant and strongly used
by them in all aspects of life. As the result, they will mix the same aspects from
their Indonesian to English that they will learn.
English is categorized as a foreign language in Indonesia. It fits what
According Richards, et al. (2010: 224) who have stated that a foreign language is
via: a language which is taught as a school subject but is not used as a medium of
instruction in schools nor as a language of communication within a country.
According Saville (2016) has written that there are two types of transfer
which occur in second or foreign language development, positive transfers and
negative transfers. Positive transfers refer to when a first language structure or
rule is used with the target language and that use is appropriate or correct.
Whereas, a negative transfer is defined when a first language structure or rule is
used in the target language and that use is inappropriate and considered an error.
In other words, this negative transfer only occurs when the structures between the
two languages are different and this is commonly known as first language
interference.
However there is problem faced by the indonesian students in learning
English. They still cannot know and understand well about it. beacause the
students never manage to shake of the structure of their first language in their
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english speaking or writing. And also The problems are caused by differences of
language features between indonesian and english in noun phrase interference.As
we know that there are more language that exactly same. The different features
are like vocabulary, phrase and sentences, It also can cause the noun phrase
interference.
In Indonesia, there are noun phrases or its called “frasa nominal”. In
Indonesian noun phrase, noun phrase is a group noun which is formed by
extending a noun, or a phrase that has a same distributed with the noun.
According Supriyanto (2013: 287) find some categories of syntactical
interference. It consists of three classes, there are in sentence,phrase, and diction.
The dominant interference was in the phrase class. Interference was found in
phrase construction (modifier and head word).The construction phrase of
Indonesian language is head word + modifier,but in English head word is put after
the modifier.
The noun phrase interferences of indonesian into english made by
students or people is seen by research as an urgent problem to be solved. The
research thought that some students still made some interference and got confused
in someone means. The correct structure lead the communication in writing to
understand what they wrote people found it hard to understand their writing due to
the interference.
The research was interested in research because based on the reserch
experience when taught the students in P2K at junior high school (MTs Ujung
Loe Bulukumba) they did an interference in noun phrases. For instance, Students
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learned in English subject, they made interference in their writing skill in English.
For instance to wrote many book instead of many books. This can be explained
that she was influenced by the Indonesian language word order banyak buku.even
though, a word banyak is a marker of plurality, it was not followed by a plural
noun buku buku. And another example, most students made Indonesian in English
reverse interference, for example: The language product the students produced
were not grammatically acceptable. From this was problems and the theories of
interference above, this study was really concerned about “The Interference of
Indonesian Noun phrase into English noun phrases at SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar.”
B. Problem Statements
Based on the background above, the writer formulated research questions
as follows:
1. What are the forms of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases into
English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Makassar?
2. What are the dominant of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases
into English phrases at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Makassar?
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C. Objective of the research
Based on the research questions above, This research was conducted to
desctibe as follow:
1. To find out the forms of the interference of Indonesian noun phrases into
English noun phareses at the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Makassar.
2. To find out the dominant ofat the eleventh grade of SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Makassar.
D. Significances of the Research
The significance of this study was to compare noun phrases between
Indonesian and English languages. Then allow for predicting the difficulties faced
by the students and interferences that usually made by them. Knowing the
interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English Writing at SMA Islam
Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar will be helpful for the teacher, student and
the next research. This will be helpful also for the readers who have curiosity in
the materials.
E. Scope of the Research
This research focus on the interferences of indonesian noun phrase into
english writing, namely pre-modifier, Head, post-modifier in descriptive writing.
To find the forms of the interferences of indonesian noun phrase into english
writingat SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar and also to find out
the dominants of the indonesian noun phrase can interference english noun
phrases.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. The Concept of Intereference
1. The Concept of Intereference
This study presents some previous studies. According to Yuwono (2010)
in his research entitled “Contrastive Analysis of English and Indonesian Noun
Phrase”, the difficulty is not only that nearly all the modifiers in the
Indonesian Noun phrases come after the noun head, but partly because
sometimes the modifier in the Engish noun phrases is in the form of one word
or a phrase, but in its Indonesian equivalent the modifier may or should
appear as a clause. In his research, he draws some conclusions, such as: (a).
English NPs have a different system of word order from that their Indonesian
equivalents. (b).The modifiers in the English noun phrases may occur before
or/and after the noun head. (c). The modifiers in the Indonesian noun phrases
occur only after the noun head except when the modifier is a kind of noun
determiner that denotes quantity.
Yuwono mentioned that Indonesian noun phrases Starts with the largest
class and the follow the smaller and smaller limiters, wheres the English noun
phrases does do the opposite. The largest class is last and smallest first. The
more we scrutinize the different sturucture between the indonesian and
english noun phrases, the more difficulties we can predicat that probably
encouraged by indonesia learners learning english and we can also know that
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the more complicated the english noun phrases, the more difficulties the
learners will have. For instance Kenyatan-kenyatan itu is the facts.
According to Arantis (2014) in her research entitled A Study of Noun
Phrase Structure In Interferences Indonesia from English Noun Phrase In
“Enid Blyton’s The First Term At Malory Towers”, there are two kinds of
noun phrase. It is the similar structure and different structure of noun phrase
in the source language.
She also finds four types from the analysis in the target language. Those
are: (1) the structure consisting of diterminer + head + post-HM in TL; (2) the
structure consisting of head + post-HM in TL; (3) the structure consisting of
determiner + without head + post-HM in TL; and (4) the structure consisting
of subject+predicate+object (from the head of SL) in TL. The change of
structure level in TL occurs because of the context in this fiction story.
Interference can be seen in the use of syntactic fragments of words,
phrases and clauses in sentences (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:124). For
example, English and Indonesian phrases.
According to Sudipa (2010) said, He finds that the cause of the
interference is a lack of understanding and lack of words written so that they
used structure directly from the concept of mother tongue into English. it was
means that they mostly apply all the structure indonesian language they
mastered in English, while not all structure in one language has the same
characteristics with another, example regular and irregular.
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The first scholar who used interference is Weinreich, he
formulated interference to clarify the systemic change in language
because of contiguity between that language and the other language that
are made by bilingual speaker (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:120).
According to Chaer and Agustina, (2004: 120) Almost bilingual people
make interference in the beginning when they speak in their target language.
For example,Indonesian who learns English, they will make interference in
their writing or their speaking skill in the target language, in this case English.
The definition of interference above explain that interference must lead to
an error or inapropriate for the same thing, stated that interference is the when
students make interference in learning a new language, an error orinapropriate
from in target language will appear, interference result from the transfer of
native language rule into the target language.
According to Junus and Fatimah (2020: 5-6) writes that: What is meant by
interference, interference, the inclusion of absorption elements into other
languages which are disturbing and interference is the main cause of language
errors. It is the production of bilingualism, bilingualism is the use of two
languages such as Indonesian in addition to foreign languages which often
occurs in begginers.It is mean that interference is more frequent with the
beginners that with intermediate student. This caused by the fact that the
beginners are still lack of knowledge in target language.
Therefore they use their previous mother tongue experiences as a means
of organizing the target language data. Interference also indacates in the new
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or foreign language. Interference can take place at all levels of the linguistic
system, example: grammatical, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics
and lexicon. The influence of one language on another in the writes of
bilinguals is relevant both to the field of second language acquisition, where
the interference from the learner’s native language is studied and to the field
of historical linguistics, where the effects of interference on language change
are studied.
B. Contrastivies Analysis of English Noun phrase and Indonesian Noun
Phrase
Every language had a different identity, the difference were structure and
meaning. And every country had its own language to communicate, for example,
an Indonesian country that had Indonesian. In Indonesia had 3 languages used the
first was regional language, the second was national language and the third was
international language namely English. Indonesian language has differences and
similarities with English. The differences and similarities language are called
contrastive analysis.
In fact, there are many definitions of contrastive analysis or limitations of
that contrastive analysis, because each person or linguist tries to formulate a
definition according to their respective views.
In book Analisis kesalahan berbahasa (2010: 9) have collected several
views of contrastive analysis by Djunedia one of the he write that Contrastivies
Analysis is the analysis of two language done in such away as to pinpoint the
differences in their systems, Contrastivies Analysis a usually carried out with a
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view to teaching one of the languages to speakers of the other. There are,
however, many other uses.
According to Finegan (2008: 6)contrastive analysis is a method anlyzing
language for instructional purpose where a native language are target language
and compared in order to clarify the points of differences that may cause
difficulties for learner. So, in learning process the learner will be easer because in
one case the learner learns their own language as target language. This situation
will bring both of languages they learned into the same position that is target
language
In addition, Johansson in his report from the project Languages in Contrast
no. 3, October 2000, stated “Contrastive is the systematic comparison of two or
more languages, with the aim of describing their similarities and differences.
”Contrastive analysis provides an objectives and scientific base for second
language teaching. While learning a second language, if mother tongue of the
learner and the target language both has significantly similar linguistic features on
all the levels of their structures, their will not be much difficulty in learning the
new language in a limited time. For knowing the significantly similar structures in
both languages the first step to be adopted is that both languages should be
analysed indenpendently. After indenpendent analysis, to sort out the different
features of the two languages, comparison of the two languages is necessary.
From this analysis, the research make out that at different structures of two
languages indonesian noun phrase into english noun phrase there were some
features quite similar and some quite different.
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1. Indonesian Noun Phrase
In Indonesian, nouns are called by nomina or kata benda. As stated in
Indonesian sentence types, the minimum requirements of Indonesian
sentence are subjek and predikat. What forms a subject is a single word, a
phrase, or a clause. Noun phrase is a group noun which is formed by
extending a noun, or a phrase that has a same distributed with the noun.
Noun phrases consist of a head, which is typically a noun, and of the
elements which (either obligatory or optionally) determine the head and
(optionally) modify the head, or complement another element in the
phrase.
According Tandiana (2015) states that in Indonesian noun phrases are
commonly expanded at the back of the head. In Indonesian noun phrases,
the head comes before the other word(s), while in English it can be both
ways. This study is focused on the interference indonesian noun phrase
into english noun phrasesas PreModifier, Head and Post-Modifier. To
know the interferences of Indonesian into english noun phrasess.
a. PreModifier
Pre-modifiers of noun are always realized as adjective phrases. A
noun can be pre-modified by one or more adjective phrase. Nouns,
paeticiples, genetive noun phrases, and numerals are importanly
common.It means that pre-modifiers always modifies head, it can be one
or more premodifiers.
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b. Head
All phrases have something in common, namely the fact that they
must minimally contain a Head. The noun phrase is a phrase that has its
head a noun, a pronoun, a nominal adjective, or numeral. The main
element of a noun phrase is called its head. The head of a noun phrase is
noun, pronoun, nominal adjective, or numeral. It means that the most
crucial part in noun phrase is Head. If there is no head, there is no noun
phrase. if the noun phrase consists of a head only, the head must be
realized by a count noun, example books, pens. an uncountable noun,
example sugar, water. a proper noun, Smith and a pronoun, she. countable
noun means that for the nouns in those examples the system of number
operates. In English, the number system has two terms namely singular
and plural.
According to Morley (2000:35), phrase are formally classified
according to the class of word which function as the headword, so, for
example, a nominal phrase has a nominal headword, The nominal phrase
has a noun or pronoun as its headword.
c. Post Modifier
Noun phrase are the most complex kinds of phrases. They do not only
have two elements before the head noun (determiners and pre-modifiers),
they have many kind of post-modifiers. It can be as phrases, infinite
clauses, or non-finite clauses.Post-modifier consists of adjective, adverb,
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prepositional phrase, infinitive clause, -ing participle clause, -ed participle
clause, relative clause and clause introduced by Temporal Conjunction
d. The Structure of Indonesian noun phrase
Noun phrase can also contain pronoun. As Chaer (2007) has
mentioned noun phrase as an endocentric phrase has a core which can
manifest as noun or pronoun. In more details, Chaer (2007) also explained
that noun phrase is a phrase which can fill the function of either subject or
object in a clause.
Based on the structure, the noun phrase can be distinguished as Frasa
Nominals according to (Chaer, 2009) and Khairan (2014).
Indonesian Noun Phrase Example
Noun + Noun Lemari Besi
Noun+A Siswa itu
noun + verb keterampilan menulis
noun + adjective lelaki tua
adverb + noun, Hanya kamu
Num(Pre-modifier)+N Sebuah peristiwa
Prep+Noun Di dalam kelas
N+N(Post-modifier), Kepekaan siswa
Table 2.1 The structureIndonesian Noun Phrase Chaer, 2009 and
Khairan 2014).
Indonesian noun phrase is a phrase which says essentially a noun with
other words that explain the word, these objects are frequently referred to
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as a modifier. Many students still don’t understand about noun phrase,
because they are confuse with the structure of noun phrase itself, also the
different between Indonesian and English noun phrase.
In addition, the research also got a structural formula according Then,
dealing with Alwi (2003: 251-254) this is formula is almost the same as
chaer and khairan only from different terms.
Indonesian Noun Phrase Example
NPa : Nomina + Nomina Lemari Besi
NPb : Nomina + Demonstrative Siswa itu
NPc : Nomina + Adjective keterampilan menulis
NPd : Nomina + Pronoun lelaki tua
NPe : Nomina + yang + Adjective Hanya kamu
NPf : Nomina + Verb Sebuah peristiwa
NPg : Nomina + Adverb Di dalam kelas
NPh : Nomina + Preposition Kepekaan siswa
NPi : Nomina + Numeralia
Table 2.2 The structureIndonesian Noun Phrase, Alwi, et al., 2003
The theory mentions that noun phrase after the noun core is expanded
to the left or the right. If the noun is expanded to the left, it must be
proceeded by number. If the noun is expanded to the right, it will present a
various type of new forms which can be followed by other nouns such
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as,adjective, pronoun, apposition, modifier (which, for, or other elements),
and prepositional phrase(Alwi, et al., 2003)
2. English Noun Phrases
Some researchers (Abney, 1987; Bender,Flickinger & Oepen, 2002;
Chatterjee 2003:12, Goyal, &Naithani, 2005; Lees,1961) stated that
English noun phrases are made of a noun or pronoun called head of noun
phrase. Furthermore, a traditional principles and parameters framework
provided by Chomskyin Coene (2003) mentioned that noun phrase is a
word group that includes a noun and its modifiers.
The noun can be preceded by determiners (such as the, a, her) and
followed by complements. In addition, according to Chatterjee et al
(2005), the head can be explained or modified by the following
constituents;
a. Determiner, for example: the man, a man, this cat, all cats;
b. Adjectives and participles such as, tall man, abandoned building.
This adjective and participleare called premodifier;
c. Prepositional phrases and to infinitives, for examples: the car on
the road, a pilot to fly the plane.
Zabala (2004) provided an example of English noun phrase. The
example is “the pear tree from which the guy is picking the pears”.This
example consists of determiner such as the, a pre-modifier suchas pear,a
head noun such as tree, and a post modifier from which the guy is picking
pears.
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In general, a noun phrase in English is composed potentionally three
parts: A head, Pre modification and post modification. The head of the
noun is the obligatory, it is a minimal requirement for the occurrence of
the a noun phrase. The other two parts, a pre modification and post
modification are optional Jakson in thesis Dharma 2010: 14.
in gerald‟s book expalined that noun phrase is including premodifier,
the head and post modifier. For clearer explanation about the the examples
of structures in noun phrase, see tha table below:
The Examples of Structures in Noun Phrases
Pre-Modifier Head Post- Modifier
A new Edition of the book
Some large Sheet Of paper
The old Man who lives near us
The Table: 2.3Noun phrase is including premodifier, the head and post
modifier.
Modifiers that come before nouns or heads are pre-modifiers, and
those that come after the noun are post-modifiers. There are three classes
of determiner (Greenbaum & Nelson, 2002:48): Predeterminers, e.g. all,
both, half; central determiner, e.g. a, an, the, those; post-determiners, e.g.
other, two, first. modifiers are divided into two: pre-modifier and post-
modifier.
Noun phrases may have more than one premodifier and post-modifier.
Pre-modifier, e.g. black cat and post-modifier, e.g. cat on the chair.
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Whereas, the syntactic pattern of Indonesian noun phrases: modifier comes
after noun head or the head comes before the other word(s) (Djenar,
2003:12).
Here are examples of possible structures of the Indonesian noun
phrase (Djenar, 2003:12): Here are the kinds and the examples of
modifiers in the table:
Kinds of Modifier The Examples of Modifier
Premodifier
Determiner It is devided in Pre-Determiner,
Central Determiner, Post Determiner
Pre-Determiner
Multiplier
Fraction
Distributive
Double, twice, thrice, four times
Two-fifths, four-ninenth, five-sixth
Both, all, half
Exclamative What, such
Central-Determiner
Article
Demonstrative
Possessive
A, an, the
That, this, those, these
My, your, our, their
Post-Determiner
Adjective Phrase Very beautiful, extremely big
Prepositional Phrase
Preposition + object (on the table,
beside)
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Participle Phrase Are doing, has built
Infinitive Phrase
Relative Clause
To read, to walk
Who make me impressed, which was
built
The Table: 2.4 The kinds and the examples of modifier, Premodifier &
postmodifier (Djenar,2003:12
In a study according to budi found Interference on the inverse of the
phrase structure pattern, parallelization, absence of articles, lack of
sentence structure on the nature and pattern of phrases in relation to their
property, and all that there are head, premodifier and postmodifier.
1) Head
The most common head of a noun phrase was a noun. the simple
noun phrase is a pronoun that is able to build itself up as the noun
phrase. Beside noun phrase may consist of noun itself without any
other elemente (bare noun phrase), for example, books. Bare noun
phrase are possible for mass and plural nouns. The occurrence of a
pronoun noun and af a bare noun phrase is counted as a minimal noun
phrase.
According to Wisnu (2010) The structures of NPs are very
diverse, but the chief elements are these:
a) The head of an NP may be:
(1) a noun : (the " doll), (dear "Margaret), etc.
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(2) a pronoun : (" it), (" herself), (“ everyone (in the street)),
etc.
(3) (less usually) an adjective (the " absurd), an enumerator (all
" fifteen), H or a genitive phrase (" (John's))
2) A pre modifier
Premodfier is the element of a noun phrase that occurs
before or precedes the head oh a noun phrase. Pre modifier is an
adjective phrase, for instance: a red car and third pre-
modification is an adjective is red.
A pre modifier consist of a number of word clasess an in
specific order: an identifier numeral/ quatifier adjective and noun
modifier (Jakson, 1982: 67). The identifier includes article
definite the and indefinite a, an articles and gentivies as his, her.
The next pre modifier is numeral and a quatifier. That numeral
that may accur with the noun phrase is an ordinal or cardinal
number, the occurrence of ordinal number in noun phrase, her
first step may be combined with other elements for example the
first few hours. The cardinal number, two days and one bottle
may occur with an ordinal number.
The function in a noun phrase is attribute. Whereas,
quantifiers are some, many, several, much, no, few, little, every,
all, most, each, any. The occur as specifiers in noun phrase.an
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attribute of the noun for instance: The english students, wool
scarf.
a) The premodifiers of an NP may be :
(1) Determiners : (" this morning), ("what "a girl), etc.
(2) Enumerators : (" two eggs), (the "third man), etc.
(3) Adjectives : (" red shoes), ("older music), etc.
(4) Nouns : (a " garden fence), (a "gold ring), (" London
pubs), etc.
(5) Genitive phrases : (" (Fred's) whisky). ("(someone else's)
problems),etc.
(6) Adverbs (in initial position): (" quite a noise).
3) Post Modifier
The last part of a noun phrase is a post- modifier, The are
clause, prepositional phrase, adverb phrase and adjective phrase.
Their function in the occurrence of the noun phrase is as a
complement or an adjunct.
The first type of a post modifier is a clause. It is the part of a
noun phrase refers back to a head as a complement to give
detailed information about specify the head as an adjunct for
instance: the man who i saw yesterday, refers to the person
identified by the word man as the head of the noun phrase.
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A prepositional phrase occurs as a post modifier of the noun
phrase which function as a complement or an adjunct. In the noun
phrase, for instance: The man after me, The head is man, the
determiner is the and post modifier is the Prepositional phrase
after me.
An adverb phrase is also a post modifier of the noun phrase to
give information about time for instance: The morning and place,
for instance: In this morning.
Rarely happening post modifier is an adjective phrase. It
usually appears as a post modifier if the head is a pronoun, for
instance: Somebody strange. The adjective phrase normally does
not function as a post modifier except several phrase derived from
french such as blood royal and heir apparent (Jakson: 1982: 96)
Beside, the adjective phrase can occupy as the post modifier if it
is branched (Dwijatmoko: 2002: 16).
a) The postmodifiers an NP may be :
(1) Prepositional phrases : (the best day "PP (of my life)).
Relative clauses : (a quality "[which I admire])).
Various other types of modifier, including Adverbs (the
girl upstairs), Adjectives (Something "Adj nasty (in the
woodshed)), Noun Phrares in apposition (the bandicoot, MNP
(a tiny marsupial)), and other types of clause
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4). The Structure of english noun phrase
According to Green Baum and Nelson (2002: 48), there are
seven structures of noun phrase.
EnglishNoun phrase Example
Noun Books
Determiner + Noun those books
Verb+ N Return year
adj+N Old man
Adverb + N Only you
Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun Much water
Pre-modifier + Noun + Post-
modifier,
Some popular books on
astronomy
Table 2.5 The structure of english noun phrase Green Baum and
Nelson (2002: 48),
C. Differences of Indonesian Noun phrase and and English Noun phrase
stucture
There is the difference between English phrase and Indonesian phrase, in
English construction, phrase consisted of modifier +head word for example the
new + student, while the Indonesian structure is head word + modifier for
example murid + baru (student + new). It seemed that the difference cause phrase
interference from English to Indonesian language.
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The structure of difference Indonesian noun phrase and English noun
phrase According to Chaer2015& Khairan 2014 & noun phrase in english Green
Baum and Nelson (2002: 48).
Noun Phrase On “An Introduction to English Grammar”,According
Greenbaum and Nelson (2002: 48) mention that a noun phrase was a phrase
whose main word is a noun.
Indonesian Noun Phrase English Noun Phrase
Noun + Noun
e.g: Buku buku
Noun
e.g: Books
Noun+Art(Det)
e.g: Rumah ini
Determiner + Noun
e.g: This house
noun + verb
e.g: Menulis buku
Verb+ N
e.g: Writing book
noun + adjective
e.g: Keluarga saya
adj+N
e.g: My family
adverb + noun
e.g: sangat berbahaya
Adverb + N
e.g: extremely dangerous
Num(Pre-modifier)+N
e.g: Two months
Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun
e.g: Dua bulan
Prep+Noun
e.g: on the bathroom
Pre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier, N+N(Post-modifier)
e.g:The women in the window
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TheTable 2.6 The differences ofIndonesian noun phrase and english noun
phrase structure Chaer2015& Khairan 2014 & noun phrase in
english Green Baum and Nelson (2002: 48).
The interference phenomeneon has really serious problem. There are
different structure between Indonesian and English noun phrase, but in Indonesian
structure, it cannot help to determine the part of speech. Forexample, in English
the words that have suffixe –tion it is definitely a noun,or theword suffixe –ly is
adverb, but in Indonesian, the words that have preffix ter- not necessarily includes
a verb, because there are also noun, such as terdakwa and tertuduh. The difficulty
in mastering certain structures in a second language depended on the difference
between the learners' mother language and the language they were trying to learn.
The Predection the interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english
noun phrase.According to Pudiyono‘s research (2012:6) The structural of
Indonesian language can be influenced in practice by Indonesian students.
Indoesian Noun phrase English Noun phrase
- Murid baru (N+Adj) - Student new (Adj+N)
- Siswa itu N+Art(Det) - Student this (N+Det)
- Cinta ibu (Adj+N) - Love mom.(Adj+N)
- Makanan kesukaan (N+Adj) - Food favorite (N+adj)
- Dua telur (det (plural)+n) - Two eggs (det+noun)
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- Ini adalah hari terbaik dalam
hidupku (Art+N+prep+N)
- This is the best day my life
(Det+verb+NP+in+NP)
- Seorang Ibu yang citra temui.
(Art+N+Relative
clause+sub+Verb)
- a mother whom met citra
(Det+N+Relative clause+sub)
TheTable 2.7 Predection of The interference of Indonesian noun phrase and
English noun phrase.
There was the difference between Indonesian phraseandEnglish phrase,
in Indonesian structureis head word +modifier for example murid +baru (student
+ new).While the English construction, phrase consist ofmodifier +head word
forexample the new + student,. Itseem that thedifference cause phrase interference
from English toIndonesian language.
Foodfavorite
Actually in the phrase kesukaan makan (favorite food), the interference
was not only in the structure. As the previous data, there was English interference
in kesukaan makan (favorite food). Using English pattern modifier +head word.
Conversely, Indonesian phrase construction was headword + modifier, so the
noun phrase should be, Oh food, (makanan)kesukaan,banyak kata panjang ya
?(Oh food, favorite food, alot of long words huh? ).
1. Similarities between Indonesian and English
The similarty of Indonesian structure and English in the noun phrase and
sentence I did not find in previous research or science experts. so in languages,
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it was difficult to find similarty because different language and was impossible
to compare especially in terms of structure.
E. Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of research was described as follow:
The conceptual frameworks above described the research conducted by
the researcher. The students faced many problems in learning English. was their
noun phrase in Writing English because there was interference of Indonesian into
English Writing.
It helped the research to found some interference, particularly in using
noun phrase. The research made a list of interference to find out what interference
were made by students in writing carriy out the interference namely noun phrase.
Noun phrase
Interferences
Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework
Indonesian NP English NP
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Based on problem, the research found some interference, but only focus
on interference of indonesian noun phrase into English in noun phrase made by
eight grade SMAIslam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar.
This research discusses about the interference indonesian noun phrase
into english writing, The research began from writing because the students
sometimes use their indonesian than often contains error when they are writing
English. Writing according to Hammill and Bartel in thesis Irmala (2016) have
said, that writing is the highest as well as the last form of communication to be
mastered in which people actually transfer their thoughts, feelings, and ideas to
paper.
In writing divided into many types. The writer choose the descriptive
textbecause the reason wasthat people can describe the thought of written on
paper and describe a place through writing the descriptive textand make it easier
for readers to understand what the meaning of the descriptive text.
In the theory so that it is possible that the students find it difficult to
learn the interference. Sudipa (2010) in his thesis, He finds that the cause of the
interference is a lack of understanding and lack of words written so that they
translate directly from the concept of mother tongue into English. it was means
that they mostly apply all the grammar indonesian language they mastered in
English, while not all grammar in one language has the same characteristics with
another, example regular and irregular.
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According Supriyanto (2013: 287) in her thesis said the writer find some
categories of syntactical interference. It consists of three classes, there are in
sentence,phrase, and diction. The dominant interference was in the phrase class.
The students did the grammatical interference in using noun phrase in
their descriptive text. According Jakson in thesis Dharma (2010: 14).In general, a
noun phrase in English is composed potentionally three parts: A head, Pre
modification and post modification. The head of the noun is the obligatory, it is a
minimal requirement for the occurrence of the a noun phras. The other two parts,
a pre modification and post modification.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
The researcher used the descritive qualitativeresearch. Descritive
qualitative research was defined as the writer that focused on the interfernce of
indonesian noun phrase and english noun phrase. Sugiyono (2012: 1) ) Explains
the qualitative research method is a research method used to examine the
condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument, the data
collection technique is done in a triangulation (combined), the data analysis is
inductive where the research results emphasize the meaning of on generalizations.
The research was conducted by used: “Contrastive Method”,because the
writer only to describe the both of language. In dealing with the definition above,
contrastive was one way to compare two language there were first language as
indonesian and second language as english in noun phrase because contrastive can
also help to reduce interference from the mother tongue in learning foreign
languages in the language error analysis book page 11.
According to Kardalesja (2006) added that contrastive analysis from both
languages;first language and second language; always refers to the specific
characteristics. These specific characteristics are associated with both language
systems, which is believed to be useful in the anticipation of possible difficulties
encountered in second language learning; in which one ofthe difficulties
associated with the interference of the mother tongue or first language. On the
30
other hand, contrastive analysis plays important role infacilitating learner
acquiring second language.
30
Using the contrastive Method to find the difference of them. The
difference in two language the would be predicted the difficulty and interference
that appears during learning the second language. This research focused on The
interference of Indonesian into English noun phrase.
B. Variable and Indicators
1. Variable
The variables of this research would be the type of descriptive variables
to the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English in noun phareses.
2. Indicators
Indicators of this research was interferences that found the form
interferenceof Indonesian into English in noun phrase (Pre-modifier, head,
post-modifier).
C. Population and Sample
1. Population
The population of this research was student at SMA Islam Terpadu at
eighth grade. The population of the research was Smp Islam Terpadu Wahdah
Islamiyah Makassar. There were three classes consisting of XI IPA B2, XI
IPA B3 and XI IPS B1.So there were all 93 students.
2. Sample
The research used purposive sampling as the technique for selecting
sampling. The number of population was 93 students. According to Arikunto
(1996:117) if the number of population was too big to be investigated. A
researcher can take 10%, - 15%, or -20% -25% of the population as sample.
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The writer chosen 25% of the population which was equal to 23 students.
This 23 students took as subject based on the criteriaon the students who
came from the indonesian.
D. Research Instrument
The instrument of this study would be writing test. The writer used 23
pieces of students’ paper consisting of outlines to write the descriptive text to
treat the same theme of students’ writing. The students wouldbe asked to
write a descriptive text. The students would be given 90 minutes to finish it.
The students would be free to choose any topic from the writer provided 3
topic descriptive about their parents, friends and favorit people.
E. Technique of Data Collection
In collecting the data, the writer did the steps as follows:
1. The writer met the teacher to inform and know the schedule.
2. In the next meeting, the writer employed direct observation in the first
step to got the data. The observation was administered in classroom and
writer distributed the writing text to the students.
3. The students would be asked to write descriptive text in a piece of paper.
4. The writer explained about the rules of writing a descriptive text and also
suggested the students to used noun phrase.
5. The writer gave the outline to guide them in writing a descriptive text and
the answer sheet were for the students’ writing.
6. After that, the writer identifies the elements that constitute the noun
phrases. Then, the writer classified the noun phrases according to their
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types. The next step was to count the number of the noun phrase according
to their kinds. By doing so, the most common kinds of the noun phrase
could be identified. At last, the writer put the data into a table that helped
the writer to analyze effectively.
F. Data Analysis
The data analysis used in this research is the data analysis technique of Miles
and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310) states that
qualitative data analysis used words that are always arranged in an expanded or
described text and model analysis.
Miles and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310)
analysis consists of three activities that occur simultaneously: data reduction, data
presentation, drawing conclusions/verification.
1. Data Reduction
Data reduction is a process of selecting, focusing on simplifying,
abstracting, and transforming “rough” data. Data reduction in this research
was conducted by collecting data related to the forms of the interference of
Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phareses and the dominant of the
interference of Indonesian noun phrases into English phrases.
2. Data Display
Data display was present the data that had been reduced, thus the researcher
could draw conclusions. Data was usually presented in various forms, such
as tables, descriptions, or charts. In this research, the data presented in the
form of description and also tables.
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3. Conclusion Drawing/Verification
The last step for analysis the data according to Miles and Huberman was
drawing conclusion/verification. The researcher concluded the data based on
the answer of the students from the writing test.
The researcher presents the steps taken in analyzing the data developed
from the Miles and Huberman model as follows:
a. Observe and check back the data that has been obtained.
b. Identifying the structure of phrases consisting of seven types of
formulas According Chaer2015 and Khairan 2014 Green Baum and
Nelson (2002: 48).
c. Identify the noun phrase category consisting of head, premodifier and
post modifier .
d. Organizing or grouping data based on the formulation of the problem,
e. Describe one by one the data analysis that has been checked and
approved by the triangulator in a detailed and structured manner.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two sections, the findings of the research and the
discussions of the findings.
A. Findings
The findings in this section were based on the analysis according to of
Miles and Huberman's model (in Ghony and Almanshur, 2014: 307-310). the data
collected through descriptive text. The research classified students' interference
based on her problem statements to find the difference in language at eleventh
grade through the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrases and English
noun phrases. Then, divided into three parts head, premodifier, and postmodifier
based on the research instruments in the third chapter.
1. The kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun
phrases. According Chaer 2015 & Khairan 2014 Green Baum and Nelson
(2002: 48).
a. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + Noun) to english noun
phrase (Noun)
- Aktivitas aktivitas = Activities
b. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + Art (Det)) to english noun
phrase (Determiner + Noun)
- Universitas itu = That Univesity
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c. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + verb) to english noun
phrase (Verb+ N)
- Halaman parkir = Parking yard
d. Indonesian noun phrase structure (Noun + adjective) to english noun
phrase (adj+N)
- Anak anak pintar = Smart kids
e. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + Adverb) to english noun
phrase (Adverb + N)
- Air saja = Water only
f. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + premodifier) to english noun
phrase (Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun)
- Kursi ketiga = Third seat
g. Indonesian noun phrase structure(Noun + post modifier) to english
noun phrase(Pre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier)
- Di kota makassar = In the city of Makassar
B. Discussion
The findings are described base on the descriptive writing above, Below
are the description of findings by referring to the formulated research question in
problem statments.
The English as the second language has different structure from
indonesian language in noun phrase as the mother tongue language of students at
SMA Wahdah IT Makassar. Some interference of English noun phrase do not
exist in Indonesian structure in a noun phrase, and some the kinds of interference
35
of Indonesian noun phrase and an English noun phrase, English head,
premodifiear, and postmodifier are different from Indonesian. These differences
made the students of Sma Islam Terpadu Makassar tend to be difficult to write
those structures in descriptive writing. They tended to substitute those structures
with Indonesian writing. Here, the interferences those are under discussion are just
noun phrase are the head, premodifier, and postmodifier based on the scope of this
research.
The found data shows that all the students make interference in noun
phrases when tried to write the descriptive writing such as head, premodifier, and
postmodifier the reverse of the word Budi, I have said before, those are absent in
the Indonesian language. Most of those descriptions the student makes in noun
phrases caused by interference of the Indonesian language. The finding above
shows that the students tended to substitute those English grammatical in writing,
with other grammatical which are included or not included in Indonesian
grammatical. The substitution of these English noun phrases with Indonesian
grammatical by the students can be said as the interference of the Indonesian
language. While the substitution of the English noun phrases with noun phrases
that are not Indonesian structure can no be said as the interference of the
Indonesian language.
Based on the The findings were some forms of the interference
indonesian into english noun phrase by students which will described by one.
36
Part
icip
ant
Indonesian naun
phrase
English noun
phrase Evaluations
The kinds
of
interfernce
s
1.1 Nama saudara
perempuan saya Name my sister
My sister’s
name Adj+ Noun
1.2 Buka kamar
sebelah Open the room
Open the next
room
Verb +
Noun
1.3 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori At ujung bori
street Adv+noun
1.4 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red
bag
An expensive
red bag
(Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
1.5 Rambut panjang
lurus hitam
Long straight hair
back
Long straight
back hair Adj+Noun
1.6 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister Adj+Noun
2.1 Dua pekan lalu Two week Two weeks ago
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
2.2 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun
2.3 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree Verb+Noun
2.4 kulit putih Skin white white skin Adj+Noun
2.5 Sebuah robot
tansformasi
Robot
transfermen
A
transformation
robot
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
2.6 Rumah paman Home uncle Uncle's house
Adj+Noun
2.7 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping Noun
3.1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
3.2 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes Adj+Noun
3.3 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement Adj+Noun
3.4 Itu kata dia That say his That's what he
said
Determiner
+ Noun
3.5 Enam anak anak Six child Six children
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
37
Noun
3.6
Tolong ibu
hubungi saudara
laki lakimu
Help mom, call
my brother
help mom
contact your
brother
Verb+Noun
3.7 Cepat jalan Walk quickly Walk quickly Adv+Noun
3.8 Di kamar tidur In room In the bedroom
Post
modifier+N
oun
4.1 Sayadan saudara
saya Me and my sister I and my brother Adj+Noun
4.2
Setiap pagi
Makanan
makanan
every morning
foods
Every morning
food meals
Adverb + N
4.3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women Adj+Noun
4.4 Jus alpukat Juice avocado Avocado juice Adj+Noun
4.5 Me moodboster I moodboster I’m moodboster Adj+Noun
5.1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man Adj+Noun
5.2 Pulang kampung Back hometown back to
hometown
Adverb + N
5.3 Di bangku
sekolah in bench school In school
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier,
5.4 Murid Ibu evy Students mom
evy
Mom Evy
students
Adj+Noun
5.5
Saya kehilangan
uang saya di
jalan.
I lost the my
money in the
street.
I lost my money
in the street.
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
5.6 di sekolah semua
siswa
in school all
student
in all students'
school
Post
modifier +
Noun
5.7 kepala sekolah
smp
The head master
smp
The principal of
junior high
school
Adj+Noun
6.1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her Verb+ N
6.2 Rambut rambut
boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs Adj+Noun
6.3 Sebuah
kehormatan The honor An honor
Determiner
38
+ Noun
6.4 Seorang kakak
laki laki My brother an older brother
Adverb + N
7.1 Dengankumis
tipis
With tihing
mustache
With tihin
mustache Adverb + N
7.2 Menjaga senyum
dia Keep smile Keeps her smile
Adj+Noun
7.3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought Verb+ N
7.4 Seorang pria 20
tahun a 20 year man
a man of 20
years
Noun+Art(
Det)
7.5 Seperti umur 10
tahun
Ast like a 10
years old
Like 10 years
old Adverb + N
7.6 Memotong kue
kue manis
Cut sweet cake
cake
Cut the sweet
cakes Verb+ N
8.1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has Verb+ N
8.2 Di jalan ujung
bori In jln.ujung bori
At the end of the
bori road
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
8.3 Seorang siswa She student A student Determiner
+ Noun
8.4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister Adj+Noun
9.1 Belajar bersama
sama Study togethers Study together Adverb + N
9.2 Universitas
Makassar
Universitas
Makassar
University of
Makassar Noun
9.3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker Adj+Noun
9.4 Membersihkan
sebagaian lantai Clean of the part
Clean part of the
floor
Verb+
Noun
9.5 Makan sayur
sayur kemarin Eat vegetables
ate vegetables
yesterday
Verb+
Noun
9.6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling Verb+
Noun
10.1 Nampak seperti
malaikat Look likes angel
Looks like an
angel
Adverb+No
un
10.2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women Beautiful
woman Adj+Noun
10.3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love Verb+
Noun
10.4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them Verb+
39
Noun
11.1 Mendapatkan
nilai bagus Getgood grade Got good grades
Verb+
Noun
11.2 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes
Determiner
+ Noun
11.3 Sangat
mencintaiku Loving me
Extremely
loving me
Adverb +
Noun
11.4 Sistem
pendukung saya
My system
support
My support
system
Adj+Noun
11.5 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems Adj+Noun
11.6 Anak perempuan
pewaris saya heir daughter me
Daughter of my
heir
Adj+Noun
11.7 Bisa
menggambarkan Can describes Can describe
Verb+
Noun
11.8
Pagi ini kita
berangkat ke
Makassar naik
bus.
We go to
Makassar by bus
on this morning.
We go to
Makassar by bus
this morning.
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
12.1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the
last My last mother
Adj+Noun
12.2 Warna favorit dia Colour her
favorite
Her favorite
color
Adj+Noun
12.3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong Adj+Noun
12.4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back Verb+
Noun
12.5
Bepergian
ibuku,bepergian
bersamaku
Travel my mom,
my mom trsavel
My mother
travels, travels
with me
Verb+
Noun
13.1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate Noun
13.2 bersekolah dia She school Attended school
him Adj+Noun
13.3 Kelas dua
belasSma
Twelve senior
high school
Twelfth grade
Senior high
school
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
13.4 mengunjungi
sekolah kita visit our school
visited our
school
Verb+
Noun
13.5 Mendapatkan
perstasi saya my achieve get
Get my
achievements
Verb+
Noun
13.6 Teman teman
bahagia Friends happy Happy friends Adj+Noun
13.7 Surga Jannah haven Heaven Noun
14.1 Kami telah We spend time We spent time Verb+
40
menghabiskan
waktu
Noun
14.2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl Adj+Noun
14.3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers Adj+Noun
15.1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice Adj+Noun
15.2 Makanan
saudaraku My sister food
My brother's
food
Adj+Noun
15.3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache Adj+Noun
15.4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities Adj+Noun
15.5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun
15.6 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old Determiner
+ Noun
16.1 Belajar bersama Study together Studying
together
Adverb +
Noun
16.2 Pelajaran
matematika sulit Math lesson
Difficult math
lessons Adj + Noun
16.3 Pelajaran Sangat
penting More important
very important
lesson
Adverb +
Noun
16.4 Banyak sabar dan
baik hati
Many patient and
kind
Much patient
and kind
(Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
17.1 Seorang istri A house wife A housewife
Determine
+ Noun
17.2 Rumah sakit
terbesar.
The most biggest
hospital.
The biggest
hospital.
Adj+Noun
17.3 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye Adj+Noun
17.4 kulit putih White skin White skin Adj+Noun
17.5 Kecantikan ibuku My mother
beauty
My mother's
beauty
Adj+Noun
17.6 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her Verb+Adj
17.7 wanita pebisnis Business woman business woman Noun+Adj
18.1
Ibu saya adalah
perempuan baik
hati
My mom is girl
kaind
My mother is a
kind woman
Verb+
Noun
18.2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth Adj+Noun
18.3 Orang yang
paling suportif
Most supportive
people
The most
supportive
person
Adv+Noun
18.4 Wanita yang luar
biasa
A amazing
women What a woman Adj+Noun
18.5 Usia tua A old age Old age Adj+Noun
19.1 Dengan rambut
keriting With curling hair with curly hair
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
41
Noun
19.2
Punya
beraktivitas
penting
Haveactivity
important
Have important
activities
Verb +
Noun
19.3 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV Adj+Noun
19.4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities Adj+Noun
19.5 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged Verb+
Noun
19.6 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin Adj+Noun
19.7 Berenang
bersama
Swimming
together Swim together
Verb+
Noun
20.1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area Adj+Noun
20.2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant Adj+Noun
20.3 Kompensasi kerja Worked
compensations
Work
compensation Verb+adj
20.4 di rumah sakit
terbesar
in of the biggest
hospital
in the biggest
hospital
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
20.5 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy Determiner
+ Noun
20.6 lawan dirimu
sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself Verb+noun
20.7 Banyakk
pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons
Adj+Noun
20.8 Orang tua yang
mengagumkan Awesome parent
Amazing
parents
Adj+Noun
20.9 Banyak uang Many money A lot of money Adj+Noun
20.1
0 Kebaikan mereka Their kind Their kindness
Adj+Noun
20.1
1
Gambar yang tak
terlukiskan
Indescribable
picture
Indescribable
picture Adj+Noun
21.1 Berapa banyak
manusia
How many
human
how many
humans Adv+Noun
21.2 tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand Determiner
+ Noun
21.3 Mencoba
memakai Try wear Try wearing Verb+Noun
21.4 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes Adj+Noun
21.5 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking Verb +
Noun
21.6 Tiang berjalan The walking pole The walking
pole Adj+Noun
21.4 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia Determiner
+ Noun
21.5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault Adj+Noun
42
22.1 Ayahku orang
terbaik
My father the best
people
My father the
best person Adj+Noun
22.2 Berdoa di malam
hari Praysat night Pray at night
Noun +
Post
modifier
22.3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life Adj+Noun
22.4 orang terkenal People famous famous people Adj+Noun
23.1 Sinar mentari
saya My sunshines My sunshine Adj+Noun
23.2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes Adj+Noun
23.3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts Noun
Table 4.1: The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in the
kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and english noun
phrase.
Based on the writing test of the students above: on the descriptive writing
test, there were (23) twenty-three from all student (23) twenty-three made
interferences in the kinds of interference of Indonesian noun phrase and English
noun phrase. The students wrote it by noun phrase on descriptive writing.
1) Data: Based on the descriptive writing of the students above. On the
writing test. There are (7 ) seven kinds of interference of Indonesian noun
phrases and English noun phrases. interference written by the students in
noun phrases. There was (4) four interference who written by the
students in the structure of the Noun. there was (17) seventeen
interference who written by the students in the structure of Det + Noun.
There was (23) twenty three interference who written by the students in
the structure of the verb + noun. there was (62) sixty-two interference
who written by the students in the structure of Adj + Noun. There was
(14) fourteen interference who written by the students in the structure of
43
the adv + Noun. there was (5) fiveinterference who written by the
students in the structure of Num (premodifier) + Noun. There was (8)
eight interference who written by the students in the structure of the
premodifier + noun + postmodifier. So all the interference of noun
phrases made by students was (133)one hundred and thirty three.
2) Analysis: There was a difference in Indonesian and English both in
writing, especially in adj+noun from the kinds of interference of
Indonesian noun phrase and English noun phrase. in English was students
forgot to structure nounphrases were placement noun, wrong form of the
noun, double of determiner, enumerator, adjective. the interference
difficult to distinguish nouns and adjective, prepositional phrases.
because language sometimes is written down and many similar
prepositions with almost had some meaning. They did not what
preposition to use in prepositional phrase many students still omit
preposition. Relative clause the students failed to identify what kind of
relative clause should be used all relative clause students knows
who,which,whose,whom and what, have same meaning in their mother
tongue.
3) Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the data above, the writer concludes
that students of the interference of Indonesian into English writing in the
noun phrase. the most interference in the form adjective + noun then verb
+ noun then adv + noun, then determiner + noun, then num (premodifier)
+ noun is the same as (premodifier) + noun + postmodifier, the last
44
interference with the least is Noun made by the eleventh grade of SMA
IT Wahdah Makassar.
From Jakson in thesis Dharma (2010: 14). A noun phrase divide into
three parts: A head, Pre modifier and post modifier. this theory have in common
with this research.
1. The interference in head
Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluations
1
1
Nama saudara
perempuan saya
Name my sister
My sister’s
name
2 buka kamar sebelah Open the room
open the next
room
3
Rambut panjang lurus
hitam
Long straight hair
back
Long straight
back hair
4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister
2
1 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child
2 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree
3 kulit putih Skin white white skin
4 Rumah paman Home uncle
Uncle's house
5 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping
3
1 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes
2 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement
45
3 Tolong ibu hubungi
saudara laki lakimu
Help mom, call my
brother
help mom
contact your
brother
4
1 Saya dan saudara saya Me and my sister
I and my
brother
2 Setiap pagi Makanan
makanan every morning foods
Every morning
food meals
3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women
4 Me moodboster I moodboster
I’m mood
booster
5
1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man
2 Murid Ibu evy Students mom evy
Mom Evy
students
3 kepala sekolah smp The head master smp
The principal of
junior high
school
6
1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her
2 Rambut rambut
boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs
7
1 Dengankumis tipis
With tihing
mustache
With tihin
mustache
2 Menjaga senyum dia Keep smile Keeps her smile
3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought
4 Seperti umur 10 tahun
Ast like a 10 years
old
Like 10 years
old
5 Memotong kue kue
manis Cut sweet cake cake
Cut the sweet
cakes
8
1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has
2 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister
9
1 Belajar bersama sama Study togethers Study together
2 Universitas makassar
Universitas
Makassar
University of
Makassar
3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker
4 Membersihkan
sebagaian lantai Clean of the part
Clean part of
the floor
46
5 Makan sayur sayur
kemarin Eat vegetables
ate vegetables
yesterday
6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling
10
1 Nampak seperti
malaikat Look likes angel
Looks like an
angel
2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women
Beautiful
woman
3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love
4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them
11
1 Mendapatkan nilai
bagus Getgood grade
Got good
grades
2 Sangat mencintaiku Loving me
Extremely
loving me
3 Sistem pendukung
saya My system support
My support
system
4 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems
5 Anak perempuan
pewaris saya heir daughter me
Daughter of my
heir
6 Bisa menggambarkan Can describes Can describe
12
1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the last My last mother
2 Warna favorit dia Colour her favorite
Her favorite
color
3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong
4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back
5 Bepergian
ibuku,bepergian
bersamaku
Travel my mom, my
mom trsavel
My mother
travels, travels
with me
13
1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate
2 bersekolah dia She school
Attended
school him
3 mengunjungi sekolah
kita visit our school
visited our
school
4 Mendapatkan perstasi
saya my achieve get
Get my
achievements
5 Teman teman bahagia Friends happy Happy friends
47
6 Surga Jannah haven Heaven
14
1 Kami telah
menghabiskan waktu We spend time We spent time
2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl
3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers
15
1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice
2 Makanan saudaraku My sister food
My brother's
food
3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache
4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities
5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child
16
1 Belajar bersama Study together
Studying
together
2 Pelajaran matematika
sulit Math lesson
Difficult math
lessons
3 Pelajaran Sangat
penting More important
very important
lesson
17
1 Rumah sakit terbesar.
The most biggest
hospital.
The biggest
hospital.
2 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye
3 kulit putih White skin White skin
4 Kecantikan ibuku My mother beauty
My mother's
beauty
5 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her
6 wanita pebisnis Business woman
business
woman
18
1 Ibu saya adalah
perempuan baik hati
My mom is girl
kaind
My mother is a
kind woman
2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth
3 Orang yang paling
suportif
Most supportive
people
The most
supportive
person
4 Wanita yang luar
biasa A amazing women What a woman
48
5 Usia tua A old age Old age
6 Punya beraktivitas
penting
Haveactivity
important
Have important
activities
7 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV
19
1 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities
2 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged
3 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin
4 Berenang bersama Swimming together Swim together
20
1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area
2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant
3 Kompensasi kerja
Worked
compensations
Work
compensation
4 lawan dirimu sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself
5 Banyakk pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons
6 Orang tua yang
mengagumkan Awesome parent
Amazing
parents
7 Kebaikan mereka Their kind Their kindness
8 Gambar yang tak
terlukiskan Indescribable picture
Indescribable
picture
21
1 Berapa banyak
manusia How many human
how many
humans
2 Mencoba memakai Try wear Try wearing
3 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes
4 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking
5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault
22
1 Ayahku orang terbaik
My father the best
people
My father the
best person
2 Berdoa di malam hari Praysat night Pray at night
49
3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life
4 orang terkenal People famous famous people
23
1 Sinar mentari saya My sunshines My sunshine
2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes
3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts
Table 4.2. The interference of Indonesiannoun phrase into English noun phrases
in head.
Based on the writing test of the students above: on the descriptive writing
test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in head
1) Data: Based on the descriptive writing of the students above. On the
writing test. There were (103) one hundred and three from (23)twenty-
three all students, the interferences, and (133) one hundred thirty three
made by students interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English
writing in head.
2) Analysis: There was a difference in Indonesian and English both in
writing, especially in head of noun phrases in English was students forgot
to structure noun phrases in placement noun and the wrong form of the
noun, according to Wisnu(2010) there are two types of head interference
made by students they were: wrong placement noun was that noun should
be written after the modifiers. these types of interferences occour because
such rules is different with the rules of sentence in indonesian language
and wrong form of noun was the students failed to identify what kind of
50
noun should be used in the noun phrase example a noun can be plural or
singular. The notion of plural and singular can be confusing the students
because in their mother tongue’s rule there is no difference in form
between plural and singular. There were 4 interference who written by the
students in noun. There were 23 interference who written by the students
in verb+noun. There were 62 interference who written by the students in
adj+noun and the last There were 14 interference who written by the
students in noun.
3) Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the data above, the writer concludes
that students of the interference of Indonesian into English writing in the
noun phrase especially head. the most interference in the form adjective +
noun than verb + noun then adv + noun, then determiner + noun. These
interferences Noun phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT
Wahdah Makassar the most interference of Indonesian noun phrase into
English writing washead.
2. The interference in premodifier
Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluation
1 1 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red bag
An expensive
red bag
2
1 Dua pekan lalu Two week
Two weeks
ago
2 Sebuah robot
tansformasi Robot transfermen
A
transformatio
n robot
51
3
1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance
2 Itu kata dia That say his
That's what
he said
3 Enam anak anak Six child Six children
5 1 Saya kehilangan uang
saya di jalan.
I lost the my money
in the street.
I lost my
money in the
street.
6 1 Sebuah kehormatan The honor An honor
2 Seorang kakak laki
laki My brother
an older
brother
7 1 Seorang pria 20 tahun a 20 year man
a man of 20
years
8 1 Seorang siswa She student A student
11 1 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes
13 1 Kelas dua belas Sma
Twelve senior high
school
Twelfth
grade Senior
high school
15 1 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old
16 1 Banyak sabar dan baik
hati
Many patient and
kind
Much patient
and kind
17 1 Seorang istri
A house wife A housewife
19 1 Dengan rambut
keriting With curling hair
with curly
hair
20
1 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy
2 Banyak uang Many money
A lot of
money
21
1 Tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand
2 Tiang berjalan The walking pole
The walking
pole
3 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia
Table 4.3 The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun
phrases in premodifier.
52
Based on the writing test of the students above: on the descriptive writing
test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in
premodifier.
1) Data: Based on the descriptive writing of the students above. On the
writing test. There were (22) twenty-twofrom (15)fifteen students, the
interferences, and (133) one hundred thrty three made by students
interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in head.
2) Analysis: There was a difference in Indonesian and English both in
writing, especially in premodifier of noun phrases in English was
students forgot to structure noun phrases in determiners, enumerator and
adjective interference. determiners it was quite difficult for some
students to write the form of noun phrases using correct Determiner +
Noun student made interferences was (17) seventeen and there were 5
interference who written by the students in (Num (Pre-modifier) +
Noun). For example a elephant, the students made interferences in
choosing right articles, the students may thought that a is always identical
with consonant, still didn’t understand the difference between a and an
the students also made interference double articles. Enumerator was the
students should used second instead two. adjective interference. was
students still found difficulty in differentiating between noun and
adjectives instead the most biggest wave in losari.
3) Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the data above, the writer concludes
that students of the interference of Indonesian into English writing in the
53
noun phrase especially premodifier. the most interference in the form
Determiner + Noun and Num (Pre-modifier) + Noun. These interferences
Noun phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar
the second interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing
by students waspremodifier.
3. The interference in postmodifier
Participant Indonesia noun phrase English noun phrase Evaluation
1 1 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori
At ujung bori
street
3 1 Di kamar tidur In room
In the
bedroom
5
1 Di bangku sekolah in bench school In school
2 Hari ini ke rumah
nenek
day this to house
grandmother
Today to
grandma's
house
3 di sekolah semua
siswa in school all student
in all
students'
school
8 1 Di jalan ujung bori In jln.ujung bori
At the end of
the bori road
11 1
Pagi ini kita berangkat
ke Makassar naik bus.
We go to Makassar
by bus on this
morning.
We go to
Makassar by
bus this
morning.
20 1 di rumah sakit terbesar
in of the biggest
hospital
in the biggest
hospital
Table 4.4 The interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English noun
phrases in postmodifier.
54
Based on the writing test of the students above: on the descriptive writing
test of the interference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in post
modifier.
1) Data: Based on the descriptive writing of the students above. On the
writing test. There were (8) eight from (6) six students, the interferences,
and (133) one hundred thirty threemade by students interference of
Indonesian noun phrase into English writing in post modifier.
2) Analysis: There was a difference in Indonesian and English both in
writing, especially in post modifier of noun phrases in English was
students forgot to structure noun phrases in prepositional phrases and
relative clause. prepositional phrases the students fail to use the correct
form of postmodifier, particulary prepositional phrases, they did not
know what preposition to use in prepositional phrases, example this is the
best day my life, it is clear that the prepositional phrases are incorrect.
Another student made interferences 8 interference example we go to
makassar by car one the night students stil confused to used what kind of
preposition must be used in the noun phrases, because many similiar
preposition with almost had some meaning. Relative clause example
student wrote i see hippotamus who have very large mouth, the students
made interference to identify what kind relative pronoun should be used
because all of relative pronouns he or she knows (who, which, whose,
whom, and that) have the same meaning in her mother tongue.
55
3) Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the data above, the writer concludes
that students of the interference of Indonesian into English writing in the
noun phrase especially postmodifier. the form interference in the
formPre-modifier + Noun + Post modifier. These interferences Noun
phrases made by the eleventh grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar the
thirdinterference of Indonesian noun phrase into English writing
washead.
Base on all found data above on the findings and discussion, the forms
ofthe interferenceof indonesian into english writing in noun phrase were the head,
premodifier and postmodifier. The absence of these interference in noun phrase
make the students tend to be difficult to write the words. For head in noun phrase
for instance. The found data show that most students the interference still change
head and modifier, including wrong form of noun that the students shoulduse
plura instead of singular . because in their mother tongue rule there is no
difference in form between plura or singular.The often happend too, the article
when the first word is vowel must the article an. Therefore the interfence of
indonesian into english in noun phrase by studentsof SMA Islam Terpadu
Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar is cleary as form of indonesian into english writing
since this is structure indonesian. for instancebeach Losari is very beautiful. In
sentence the noun phrase that the noun should be written after the modifiers.
The same as nine noun phrase. premodifier in noun phrase was always
difficult for students to make the found data show that students still confused can
not distinguish related to determiner and enumerator.As is known in indonesian
56
noun phrase system make the english noun phrase students be difficult to write it
into words and students rarely used in their dalily actvit. For instanceI lost the my
money in the street. The sentence isthe only interference made by students by
placing double articles.
Likewise postmodifier in noun phrase were preposional phrase and
reltive clause in which are were also difficult to made by students indonesian
noun phrase to english noun phrase, never used, never see. It makes the students
made interference when they write the sentences. For instanceWe go to Makassar
by bus on this morning. From this sentence the students failed to identify what
kind of preposition should be used in the sentence. In this case, the students may
be confused to use what kind of preposition must be used in the sentence, because
many similar preposition with almost had same meaning.
4. The dominant interference of students in using head, premodifier and
postmodifier in descriptve writing
The dominant interference was head from the table. Premodifier and
postmodifier in descriptive writing were not the same. The head or the form
adj+noun has the biggerthan premodifier and post modifier.
From the table above that the biggest proportion of interference was
head or adj+noun. From the table above, the writer concluded that students’
dominant interference were when they used head of noun phrase especially in
descriptive writing.
It is concluded that the interference indonesian into english writing on
noun phrase in their descriptive writing of students had relation about the
57
theory ofChaer and Agustina, (2004: 120) “Almost bilingual peoplemake
interference in thebeginning when they speak in their target language. For
example,Indonesian who learns English, they will make interference in
theirwritingskill in the target language, in this case English.” because this
research also found the interferences of indonesian into english made by
students is seen by writer as an urgent problem. The result from this
researchwere that some students still made some interference and got confused
in someone means. Especially in noun phrase .
58
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. CONCLUSION
Every language has it own structure. There are some english structure
that do not exist in indonesian structure. The indonesian students who have
indonesianas their mother language tend to make interference in the english
words. It is because the interference of indonesian language as their mother
language.
Generally, the students made such kinds of interference because they
only used rules from their mother language. it happened since they since they did
not really comprehend the target language.
Based on chapter IV, The writer classified (7) seven kinds of interference
Indonesian noun phrase and english noun phrase then three categories. They were
head,premodifier and postmodifier. Almost all students made such interference.
the writer divide head interference into 2 groups of interference, they were: wrong
placement of noun and wrong form of noun. While in premodifier she divide it
into 3 groups of interference, they were: determiner, enumerator and adjective.
And the last type of interference was postmodifier that divide into prepositional
phrase and relative clause made by students at the eleventh grade of SMA IT
Wahdah Makassar namely as follows:
1. There were 133 all interference form 23all students made the
interferences, and 103made by students interference of Indonesian noun
phrase into English writing in head. There were 4interference who
59
written by the students in verb+noun, Noun, adj+noun, adv+noun. There
are 23 who written by the students in verb+noun. There were 4
interference who written by the students in noun. there were 62
interference who written by the students in adj+noun. There were 14
interference who written by the students in adv+noun. There were 17
interference who written by the students in det+noun.There were 5
interference who written by the students in num(premodifier)+noun.
There are 22 interference who written by the students in
premodifier..There were 8 interference who written by the students in
Prepositional phrase.
2. The students made dominants interference in dealing with the use of
head. It can be seen that head interference made by the students were
103from the interference made by students. While premodifier
interference were 22 and postmodifier were 8.
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, the writer suggest:
1. The indonesian students especially the students at the eleventh grade of
SMA IT Wahdah Makassar,should learn about rules in english,
particulary in noun phrase, so that the students will understand more
about this kind of phrases.
2. Beside, the writer suggest the English teacher especially who teach the
students at the first grade of SMA IT Wahdah Makassar to be more
frequently giving the students exercises dealing with noun phrase in
60
writing text. The students are trained to used their ideas into english
writing. It will help them in applying the noun phrase rules in their
sentences.
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Wikipedia http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrobras Accessed on 11 July, 2018.
A
P
P
E
N
D
I
C
E
S
Instrument for Collecting The Data
Instructions:
1. Write your name and your class on the piece of the paper given.
2. Write the descriptive text using the given outline.
3. It is suggested that the text is written using the noun phrases.
4. The students free to choose any topic from 3 topic descriptive text about
their parents, friends and favorite people..
5. The time allotment is 90 minutes.
OUTLINE
Theme : My best father
Subject : Year eleventh students of senior high school
Rules : It is suggested in using noun phrases
Kind of text : descriptive text
Purpose : To describe my best father and why it becomes my best
father for writer
I. Title
Write a words or phrase about the name and the kinds of my best father that
you are going to describe.
II. Topic sentence
Write a sentence that tells what you are going to describe. Be sure to include
what and where.
III. Supporting details
1. Write sentence that describe what you see.
2. Write sentence that describe how you feel.
3. Write sentence that describe what you hear
4. Write sentence that describe what you smell.
5. Write sentence that describe what you taste.
IV. Concluding sentence
Write the summary statement that uses a strong feeling statement
RESULT OF DATA
Part
icip
ant
Indonesian naun
phrase
English noun
phrase Evaluations
The kinds
of
interfernce
s
1.1 Nama saudara
perempuan saya Name my sister
My sister’s
name Adj+ Noun
1.2 Buka kamar
sebelah Open the room
Open the next
room
Verb +
Noun
1.3 Di jln ujung bori In jln ujung bori At ujung bori
street Adv+noun
1.4 Sebuah tas mahal A expensive red
bag
An expensive
red bag
(Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
1.5 Rambut panjang
lurus hitam
Long straight hair
back
Long straight
back hair Adj+Noun
1.6 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The best sister Adj+Noun
2.1 Dua pekan lalu Two week Two weeks ago
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
2.2 Anak pintar Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun
2.3 Pohon tumbang Tree fallen Fallen tree Verb+Noun
2.4 kulit putih Skin white white skin Adj+Noun
2.5 Sebuah robot
tansformasi
Robot
transfermen
A
transformation
robot
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
2.6 Rumah paman Home uncle Uncle's house
Adj+Noun
2.7 Tempat belanja Place buy Shopping Noun
3.1 Pintu masuk Door come The Entrance
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
3.2 Mata coklat Eye brown Brown eyes Adj+Noun
3.3 Semen pasir Cement sand Sand cement Adj+Noun
3.4 Itu kata dia That say his That's what he
said
Determiner
+ Noun
3.5 Enam anak anak Six child Six children
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
3.6
Tolong ibu
hubungi saudara
laki lakimu
Help mom, call
my brother
help mom
contact your
brother
Verb+Noun
3.7 Cepat jalan Walk quickly Walk quickly Adv+Noun
3.8 Di kamar tidur In room In the bedroom
Post
modifier+N
oun
4.1 Sayadan saudara
saya Me and my sister I and my brother Adj+Noun
4.2
Setiap pagi
Makanan
makanan
every morning
foods
Every morning
food meals
Adverb + N
4.3 Wanita kuat A strong women Strong women Adj+Noun
4.4 Jus alpukat Juice avocado Avocado juice Adj+Noun
4.5 Me moodboster I moodboster I’m moodboster Adj+Noun
5.1 Laki laki ganteng He handsome Handsome man Adj+Noun
5.2 Pulang kampung Back hometown back to
hometown
Adverb + N
5.3 Di bangku
sekolah in bench school In school
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier,
5.4 Murid Ibu evy Students mom
evy
Mom Evy
students
Adj+Noun
5.5
Saya kehilangan
uang saya di
jalan.
I lost the my
money in the
street.
I lost my money
in the street.
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
5.6 di sekolah semua
siswa
in school all
student
in all students'
school
Post
modifier +
Noun
5.7 kepala sekolah
smp
The head master
smp
The principal of
junior high
school
Adj+Noun
6.1 Pertolongan dia Her helps Help her Verb+ N
6.2 Rambut rambut
boneka Doll hair hair Doll hairs Adj+Noun
6.3 Sebuah
kehormatan The honor An honor
Determiner
+ Noun
6.4 Seorang kakak
laki laki My brother an older brother
Adverb + N
7.1 Dengankumis
tipis
With tihing
mustache
With tihin
mustache Adverb + N
7.2 Menjaga senyum
dia Keep smile Keeps her smile
Adj+Noun
7.3 Kita bertengkar We fight We fought Verb+ N
7.4 Seorang pria 20
tahun a 20 year man
a man of 20
years
Noun+Art(
Det)
7.5 Seperti umur 10
tahun
Ast like a 10
years old
Like 10 years
old Adverb + N
7.6 Memotong kue
kue manis
Cut sweet cake
cake
Cut the sweet
cakes Verb+ N
8.1 Dia mempunyai She hes She has Verb+ N
8.2 Di jalan ujung
bori In jln.ujung bori
At the end of the
bori road
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
8.3 Seorang siswa She student A student Determiner
+ Noun
8.4 Saudara terbaik Sister the best The Best sister Adj+Noun
9.1 Belajar bersama
sama Study togethers Study together Adverb + N
9.2 Universitas
makassar
Universitas
Makassar
University of
Makassar Noun
9.3 Pekerja keras Hard work Hard worker Adj+Noun
9.4 Membersihkan
sebagaian lantai Clean of the part
Clean part of the
floor
Verb+
Noun
9.5 Makan sayur
sayur kemarin Eat vegetables
ate vegetables
yesterday
Verb+
Noun
9.6 Gemar bersepeda loving cycling Love cycling Verb+
Noun
10.1 Nampak seperti
malaikat Look likes angel
Looks like an
angel
Adverb+No
un
10.2 Wanita cantik Beatifull women Beautiful
woman Adj+Noun
10.3 Jatuh cinta Falling love Fall in love Verb+
Noun
10.4 Memukul mereka Hit they Hit them Verb+
Noun
11.1 Mendapatkan
nilai bagus Getgood grade Got good grades
Verb+ Noun
11.2 Dua pahlawan Two hero Two heroes
Determiner
+ Noun
11.3 Sangat
mencintaiku Loving me
Extremely
loving me
Adverb +
Noun
11.4 Sistem
pendukung saya
My system
support
My support
system
Adj+Noun
11.5 Banyak masalah Many problem Many problems Adj+Noun
11.6 Anak perempuan
pewaris saya heir daughter me
Daughter of my
heir
Adj+Noun
11.7 Bisa
menggambarkan Can describes Can describe
Verb+
Noun
11.8
Pagi ini kita
berangkat ke
Makassar naik
bus.
We go to
Makassar by bus
on this morning.
We go to
Makassar by bus
this morning.
Pre-
modifier +
Noun +
Post
modifier
12.1 Ibu terakhir saya My mother the
last My last mother
Adj+Noun
12.2 Warna favorit dia Colour her
favorite
Her favorite
color
Adj+Noun
12.3 Wanita kuat Strong woman Woman strong Adj+Noun
12.4 Bersih kembali Back clean Clean back Verb+
Noun
12.5
Bepergian
ibuku,bepergian
bersamaku
Travel my mom,
my mom trsavel
My mother
travels, travels
with me
Verb+
Noun
13.1 Teman kelas My classmale Classmate Noun
13.2 bersekolah dia She school Attended school
him Adj+Noun
13.3 Kelas dua
belasSma
Twelve senior
high school
Twelfth grade
Senior high
school
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
13.4 mengunjungi
sekolah kita visit our school
visited our
school
Verb+
Noun
13.5 Mendapatkan
perstasi saya my achieve get
Get my
achievements
Verb+
Noun
13.6 Teman teman
bahagia Friends happy Happy friends Adj+Noun
13.7 Surga Jannah haven Heaven Noun
14.1
Kami telah
menghabiskan
waktu
We spend time We spent time Verb+
Noun
14.2 Gadis pintar Smarts girl Clever girl Adj+Noun
14.3 Bau bunga Smellflowers fragrant flowers Adj+Noun
15.1 Jus avaqado Jus Avaqado Avaqado juice Adj+Noun
15.2 Makanan
saudaraku My sister food
My brother's
food
Adj+Noun
15.3 Kumis tipis A tihin mustache thin moustache Adj+Noun
15.4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities Adj+Noun
15.5 Anak cerdas Children smart Smart child Adj+Noun
15.6 Berusia 10 tahun a 10 year old 10 years old Determiner
+ Noun
16.1 Belajar bersama Study together Studying
together
Adverb +
Noun
16.2 Pelajaran
matematika sulit Math lesson
Difficult math
lessons Adj + Noun
16.3 Pelajaran Sangat
penting More important
very important
lesson
Adverb +
Noun
16.4 Banyak sabar dan
baik hati
Many patient and
kind
Much patient
and kind
(Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
17.1 Seorang istri A house wife A housewife
Determine
+ Noun
17.2 Rumah sakit
terbesar.
The most biggest
hospital.
The biggest
hospital.
Adj+Noun
17.3 Mata hitam Eyes black Black eye Adj+Noun
17.4 kulit putih White skin White skin Adj+Noun
17.5 Kecantikan ibuku My mother
beauty
My mother's
beauty
Adj+Noun
17.6 Mencintai dia Loves her Love her Verb+Adj
17.7 wanita pebisnis Business woman business woman Noun+Adj
18.1
Ibu saya adalah
perempuan baik
hati
My mom is girl
kaind
My mother is a
kind woman
Verb+
Noun
18.2 Gigi yang buruk A bad tooth Bad teeth Adj+Noun
18.3 Orang yang
paling suportif
Most supportive
people
The most
supportive
person
Adv+Noun
18.4 Wanita yang luar
biasa
A amazing
women What a woman Adj+Noun
18.5 Usia tua A old age Old age Adj+Noun
19.1 Dengan rambut
keriting With curling hair with curly hair
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun
19.2
Punya
beraktivitas
penting
Haveactivity
important
Have important
activities
Verb +
Noun
19.3 Menontong Tv Watch Tv Watching TV Adj+Noun
19.4 Banyak aktivitas Many activity Many activities Adj+Noun
19.5 Dia berumur Hes age He’s aged Verb+
Noun
19.6 kulit sawo matang Skin tan Brown skin Adj+Noun
19.7 Berenang
bersama
Swimming
together Swim together
Verb+
Noun
20.1 Daerah jawa Javanese Java area Adj+Noun
20.2 PNS Civil servant Civil servant Adj+Noun
20.3 Kompensasi kerja Worked
compensations
Work
compensation Verb+adj
20.4 di rumah sakit
terbesar
in of the biggest
hospital
in the biggest
hospital
Num (Pre-
modifier) +
Noun)
20.5 Seorang terapi an/A therapist An therapy Determiner
+ Noun
20.6 lawan dirimu
sendiri Fighting yourself fight yourself Verb+noun
20.7 Banyakk
pelajaran Much lesson Lots of lessons
Adj+Noun
20.8 Orang tua yang
mengagumkan Awesome parent
Amazing
parents
Adj+Noun
20.9 Banyak uang Many money A lot of money Adj+Noun
20.1
0 Kebaikan mereka Their kind Their kindness
Adj+Noun
20.1
1
Gambar yang tak
terlukiskan
Indescribable
picture
Indescribable
picture Adj+Noun
21.1 Berapa banyak
manusia
How many
human
how many
humans Adv+Noun
21.2 tangan besar itu That hand big that big hand Determiner
+ Noun
21.3 Mencoba
memakai Try wear Try wearing Verb+Noun
21.4 Sepatu ayah saya My dad shoes My dad's shoes Adj+Noun
21.5 Rasakan berjalan Feeling walking Feel walking Verb +
Noun
21.6 Tiang berjalan The walking pole The walking
pole Adj+Noun
21.4 Pedofilia A phedophilra Apedophilia Determiner
+ Noun
21.5 Salah siapa saja Anyone fault everyone's fault Adj+Noun
22.1 Ayahku orang
terbaik
My father the best
people
My father the
best person Adj+Noun
22.2 Berdoa di malam
hari Praysat night Pray at night
Noun +
Post
modifier
22.3 Hidup yang sulit Hard live Hard life Adj+Noun
22.4 orang terkenal People famous famous people Adj+Noun
23.1 Sinar mentari
saya My sunshines My sunshine Adj+Noun
23.2 Mata tersenyum Eyes smiiles Smiling eyes Adj+Noun
23.3 Fakta fakta Fact facts Facts Noun
THE ANSWER OF RESPONDENTS
THE LIST OF PARTICIPANT IDENTITY
1. a.Nama : Student 1
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
2. a.Nama : Student 2
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
3. a.Nama : Student 3
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
4. a.Nama : Student 4
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
5. a.Nama : Student 5
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
6. a.Nama : Student 6
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
7. a.Nama : Student 7
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
8. a.Nama : Student 8
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
9. a.Nama : Student 9
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
10. a.Nama : Student 10
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
11. a.Nama : Student 11
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
12. a.Nama : Student 12
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
13. a.Nama : Student 13
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
14. a.Nama : Student 14
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
15. a.Nama : Student 15
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
16. a.Nama : Student 16
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
17. a.Nama : Student 17
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
18. a.Nama : Student 18
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
19. a.Nama : Student 19
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
20. a.Nama : Student 20
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
21. a.Nama : Student 21
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
22. a.Nama : Student 22
b.Bahasa ibu : Bugis
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
23. a.Nama : Student 23
b.Bahasa ibu : Bhs Indonesia
c.Bahasa Sehari hari : Bhs Indonesia
CURRICULUM VITAE
Herni K was born on 10th September 1996 in P.Samatallu Lompo. She is the last
child from the marriage between of her parents, Abd Kadir and Nukrah.
She began her elementary school in SDN 31 P.Samatallu Lompo and graduated in
2008. Then, she continued her study in SMPN 3 Labakkang graduated in 2011.
Her Senior High School was SMAN 4 Pangkep and graduted in 2014. At the same
year, she continued her study at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar as
students of English Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
At the end of her study, she finished her thesis in 2020 entitle “The Interference
of Indonesian noun phrases into English noun phrases at The Eleventh
Grade of SMA Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar (A Descriptive
Qualitative Research)”