the internal combustion engine as a low-cost soil vapor … · 2016-01-22 · 1 the internal...
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The Internal Combustion Engine asa Low-Cost Soil Vapor Treatment
Technology
Prepared by Steve R. Archabal
Remediation Service, Intl.,a division of
Innovative Environmental
Solutions, LLC The data contained herein was previously published by Steven R. Archabal (June, 1997)
while employed with Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. under contract with the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE) Technology Transfer Division
Technology in Support of the Environment
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Project Objectives
� AFCEE/ERT Demonstration Project
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Project Objectives
� AFCEE/ERT Demonstration Project� Evaluate low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE)
technologies and strategies for treatment ofpetroleum hydrocarbons in soils
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Project Objectives
� AFCEE/ERT Demonstration Project� Evaluate low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE)
technologies and strategies for treatment ofpetroleum hydrocarbons in soils
� Evaluate internal combustion engine (ICE) forSVE and off-gas treatment
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Project Objectives
� AFCEE/ERT Demonstration Project� Evaluate low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE)
technologies and strategies for treatment ofpetroleum hydrocarbons in soils
� Evaluate internal combustion engine (ICE) forSVE and off-gas treatment
� Develop site-specific and summary reports
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Project Objectives
� AFCEE/ERT Demonstration Project� Evaluate low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE)
technologies and strategies for treatment ofpetroleum hydrocarbons in soils
� Evaluate internal combustion engine (ICE) forSVE and off-gas treatment
� Develop site-specific and summary reports� Compare ICE to traditional approaches
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Demonstration Sites
Bolling AFB(November 1994)
Davis-Monthan AFB(September 1995)
Luke AFB(August 1994)
Williams AFB(February 1997)
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Conceptual Model of SVE using ICE
Contaminated Soil Vapors
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ICE Principles of Operation
� Combines vapor extraction and contaminantvapor destruction in a single technology
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ICE Principles of Operation
� Combines vapor extraction and contaminantvapor destruction in a single technology
� Uses a modified automobile engine withautomated computer-monitored operationand emissions controls
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ICE Principles of Operation
� Combines vapor extraction and contaminantvapor destruction in a single technology
� Uses a modified automobile engine withautomated computer-monitored operationand emissions controls
� Catalytic converter completes fuel oxidation
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ICE Principles of Operation
� Combines vapor extraction and contaminantvapor destruction in a single technology
� Uses a modified automobile engine withautomated computer-monitored operationand emissions controls
� Catalytic converter completes fuel oxidation� Remote monitoring options
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
� Automated air-fuel ratio control system
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
� Automated air-fuel ratio control system� Automated engine shutdown systems
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
� Automated air-fuel ratio control system� Automated engine shutdown systems� Automated fire suppression system
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
� Automated air-fuel ratio control system� Automated engine shutdown systems� Automated fire suppression system� No external power required
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ICE Technology - Features
� On-board computer to monitor engineperformance
� Automated air-fuel ratio control system� Automated engine shutdown systems� Automated fire suppression system� No external power required� Remote monitoring/operation capability
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ICE Technology-Performance Specifications
Feature V2C V3 V4
Max. Hydrocarbon Destruction Rate 12 lbs/hr 35 lbs/hr 70 lbs/hr
Destruction Efficiency for TVH / BTEX >99% >99% >99%
Engine Size 140 cid 460 cid 920 cid (2 x 460)
Max. Vapor Flow Rate 25 scfm 70 scfm 140 scfm
Max. Vacuum (Inches of M ercury / Water) 20 / 270 20 / 270 20 / 270
Soil Gas Hydrocarbon Concentration (ppmV as gasoline) required to eliminate supplemental fuel use
30,000 30,000 30,000
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ICE Technology - Considerations
� Soil vapor extraction flow rate dependent on siteconditions
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ICE Technology - Considerations
� Soil vapor extraction flow rate dependent on siteconditions
� Auxiliary fuel required (propane or natural gas)below optimum influent TVH vaporconcentrations
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ICE Technology - Considerations
� Soil vapor extraction flow rate dependent on siteconditions
� Auxiliary fuel required (propane or natural gas)below optimum influent TVH vaporconcentrations
� Bimonthly (twice per month) maintenancerequired
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ICE Technology - Considerations
� Soil vapor extraction flow rate dependent on siteconditions
� Auxiliary fuel required (propane or natural gas)below optimum influent TVH vaporconcentrations
� Bimonthly (twice per month) maintenancerequired
� Can treat only low concentrations of chlorinatedhydrocarbons
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Discharge Requirements
Site Average Daily TVH Emissions Discharge Limitations
Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona 0.70 lb/day 2.4 lb VOCs/day
Luke AFB, Arizona 0.22 lb/day 3.0 lb VOCs/day
Bolling AFB, DC 0.84 lb/day 1.0 lb VOCs/day
Williams AFB, Arizona 1.28 lb/day 3.0 lb VOCs/day
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Site Descriptions
Site
Geology
Depth to
Groundwater
Maximum Soil TPH
Concentration Range
Initial Estimated
Contaminated Soil Volume
Initial Influent
Vapor TVH Concentration
Davis-Monthan AFB,
Arizona
Intermixed fine and coarse -
grained deposits
300 ft bgs 11,000 mg/kg (TRPH)
220,000 yd 3 43,000 ppmv
Luke AFB, Arizona
Intermixed fine and coarse -
grained deposits
320 ft bgs 12,000 mg/kg 9,300 yd3 38,500 ppmv
Bolling AFB, DC
Intermixed fine and coarse -
grained deposits
20 ft bgs 42,000 mg/kg 43,000 yd 3 123,000 ppmv
Williams AFB, Arizona
Fine-grained subunits
intermixed with coarse -grained
beds
200 ft bgs 35,000 mg/kg 100,000 yd3 140,000 ppmv
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Site Descriptions (cont.)
SiteAverage Daily TVHRemoval RateWeighted AverageInfluent TVHConcentrationsDavis-Montha
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ICE Performance
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Air Emissions
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Cost of Treatment
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Full-Scale Performance
� Over 500,000 Pounds of Jet Fuel removedin 240 days
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Full-Scale Performance
� Over 500,000 Pounds of Jet Fuel removedin 240 days
� 99.9% Destruction Consistently Achieved
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Full-Scale Performance
� Over 500,000 Pounds of Jet Fuel removedin 240 days
� 99.9% Destruction Consistently Achieved� No exceedance of 2.4 lb/day air emissions
limit
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O&M Requirements & Costs
� Weekly system checks
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O&M Requirements & Costs
� Weekly system checks� Monthly engine service
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O&M Requirements & Costs
� Weekly system checks� Monthly engine service� Monthly emissions sampling
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O&M Requirements & Costs
� Weekly system checks (Recommended)� Bimonthly engine service� Monthly emissions sampling� Propane delivery
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Conclusions
� ICE technology easily integrated withtraditional SVE systems
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Conclusions
� ICE technology easily integrated withtraditional SVE systems
� Capable of achieving stringent dischargelimitations (> 99.9% destruction efficiency)
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Conclusions
� ICE technology easily integrated withtraditional SVE systems
� Capable of achieving stringent dischargelimitations (> 99.9% destructionefficiency)
� Cost per pound of TVH removed:$0.04 to $0.46
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AFCEE Final Conclusion
� "....ICE technology is similar to that of thermaland catalytic oxidation when influentconcentrations range between 3,000 to 5,000ppmv TVH. Above these concentrations, ICEtechnology becomes more cost-effective.”*
*Excerpt from: “Final Comprehensive Technical Report forthe Evaluation of Soil Vapor Extraction and TreatmentUsing Internal Combustion Technology”, the Air ForceCenter For Environmental Excellence (AFCEE)Technology Transfer Division, July 1998(Recommendations Section)
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Contact Information
Remediation Service, Int’l4835 Colt Street, Unit DVentura, CA 93003
email: [email protected]. 805-644-8382Fax 805-644-8378
Technology in Support of the Environment