the international convention on the control of harmful ... june 2011... · biocide is released from...

1

Huang TianbingHuang Tianbing

Technical Officer Technical Officer

IMO IMO

Cyprus, June 2011Cyprus, June 2011

Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author andViews expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not should not

be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Sbe construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariatecretariat.

The International Convention on the

Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling

Systems on Ships

2

PlanPlan

1. Fouling and the need for control1. Fouling and the need for control

2. Introduction to antifouling systems2. Introduction to antifouling systems

3. TBT 3. TBT –– a proven environmental pollutanta proven environmental pollutant

4. Overview of the AFS Convention and 4. Overview of the AFS Convention and associated Guidelines associated Guidelines

3

A fouled hull is an economic and environmental disaster for a ship owner :

Fouling and the need for its preventionFouling and the need for its prevention

What is Fouling?What is Fouling?

Red Brown Green

WEED

Soft Bodied

Barnacles Tube Worms Mussels Other

Hard Shelled

ANIMAL

“Macro-fouling” = Weed +

Animal

“Micro-fouling” =

Slime

Some 4000 fouling species exist globally

5

High water temperatures promote fouling

High nutrient levels in water promotes fouling

The Fouling problemThe Fouling problem

High temp + high nutrient = severe fouling!

High temp + high nutrient = severe High temp + high nutrient = severe

fouling!fouling!

6

• FPSO, static in North

Sea for 65 months

• No A/F – A/C only

• 100% fouled

• Weight of fouling : >225

tonnes of mussels

Severe Fouling Severe Fouling

7

Slime : 250~400µ AHR

8

Weed : 400~650µ AHR

9

Shell Fouling : > 650µ AHR

10

The importance of hull roughnessThe importance of hull roughness

“Fuel Economy due to Improvement in Ship Hull Surace

Condition”, R.L.Townsin et.al., Int’l Shipbuilding

Progress, 33 (383), 1986, 127-130.

% FUEL PENALTY vs. INCREASED ROUGHNESS

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

Roughness (microns)

11

Economic impact of a fouled hullEconomic impact of a fouled hull

A totally fouled hull is an economic disaster :

vessel burns 40% more fuel

In context :

a 260 000 DWT crude oil carrier burns an extra 24 tonnes fuel per day

if the worlds commercial fleet were totally fouled an extra70.6 million70.6 million tonnes fuel would be burned each year

12

A totally fouled hull is an economic disaster :

vessel operates with reduced efficiency and safety, forcing dry-docking

In context :

docking costs > EURO 1 000 000 per day for a large vessel

Economic impact of a fouled hullEconomic impact of a fouled hull

13

Environmental impact of a fouled hullEnvironmental impact of a fouled hull

A fouled hull increases environmental impact of shipping :

If the world fleet were totally fouled , an extra 70.6 million tonnes of valuable fossil fuel would be burned, leading to …

an extra 210 million tonnes CO2222 Global warming

an extra 5.6 million tonnes SO2 Acid rain

Increased air pollution

14


A fouled hull forces vessels to dryA fouled hull forces vessels to dry--dock, dock,

increasing pollution from shipyardsincreasing pollution from shipyards

Environmental impact of a fouled hull

15


A fouled hull causes a serious risk of transport of invasive species into sensitive ecosystems

niche areas significant problem

Environmental impact of a fouled hullEnvironmental impact of a fouled hull

16

Impacts of species invasionsImpacts of species invasions

Ecological: alters competition between species, predation and population dynamics in sensitive areas

Economic: impacts on fisheries and aquaculture, infrastructure

damage, impacts on tourism, costs of management

Human Health: toxic species can be introduced eg. disease causing bacteria

‘plague’ of starfish

Toxic microscopic

bacteria

17

A clean hull is not the full storyA clean hull is not the full story

18

Grates of sea chests Grates of sea chests –– free of foulingfree of fouling

19

Inside sea chestsInside sea chests

20

Conclusion so far :Conclusion so far :

There is a need to prevent fouling of the immersed areas of ships hulls for safety,

economic and environmental reasons

How it is prevented is a key issue...How it is prevented is a key issue...

21

Antifouling coatingsAntifouling coatings

Antifouling paints are applied to ships hulls and immersed Antifouling paints are applied to ships hulls and immersed

surfaces to prevent fouling surfaces to prevent fouling

-- two main types on the market totwo main types on the market to--day : day :

Biocidal Biocidal

NonNon--biocidal biocidal

22

Biocidal antiBiocidal anti--fouling paints fouling paints

biocide is released from paint film on the shipbiocide is released from paint film on the ship’’s hull s hull

creating a microcreating a micro--layer of toxicity at the paint surface, layer of toxicity at the paint surface,

preventing settling of organismspreventing settling of organisms

Marine diatom Achnanthes sp. Zoospores of Enteromorpha intestinalis

23

NonNon--biocidal foul release coatings biocidal foul release coatings

provide a low energy (nonprovide a low energy (non--stick) surface to which stick) surface to which

organisms can only weakly adhereorganisms can only weakly adhere

organisms that do adhere are removed during organisms that do adhere are removed during

vessel operation or mild cleaning vessel operation or mild cleaning .

24

NonNon--biocidal foul release coatings biocidal foul release coatings

.

Slime washed off at D/D

25

TBT antifouling paints TBT antifouling paints –– the case againstthe case against

26

Case against TBT antifouling paintsCase against TBT antifouling paints

•• From ~ 1980s From ~ 1980s –– 2003 biocidal antifouling paints containing 2003 biocidal antifouling paints containing

TBT were used by the majority of the world fleet (including TBT were used by the majority of the world fleet (including

pleasure craft)pleasure craft)

•• TBT = highly effective biocideTBT = highly effective biocide

•• Highly controlled release rate mechanismHighly controlled release rate mechanism

27

Case against TBT antifouling paintsCase against TBT antifouling paints

Coastal and deepCoastal and deep--sea snails sea snails –– clear cause and effect clear cause and effect

relationship at low concentrations (2 ng/L)relationship at low concentrations (2 ng/L)

Persistent in marine sediments Persistent in marine sediments –– half life of many yearshalf life of many years

Bioaccumulating (bioaccumulation factors of > 6000 Bioaccumulating (bioaccumulation factors of > 6000

measured)measured)

Biomagnification observed :Biomagnification observed :

Residues detected in marine mammals (dolphins, seals, Residues detected in marine mammals (dolphins, seals,

birds etc)birds etc)

PROVEN ENVIR

ONMENTAL CO

NTAMINA

NT

PROVEN ENVIR

ONMENTAL CO

NTAMINA

NT

PROVEN ENVIR

ONMENTAL CO

NTAMINA

NT

4. Overview of the AFS Convention and associated 4. Overview of the AFS Convention and associated

Guidelines Guidelines

28

29

International International

Convention on Convention on

the Control of the Control of

Harmful Harmful

Antifouling Antifouling

Systems on Systems on

Ships (the AFS Ships (the AFS

Convention)Convention)

Develop of AFS Convention Develop of AFS Convention

The harmful effects of antiThe harmful effects of anti--fouling systems were fouling systems were

considered by IMO for the first time in 1988, when the considered by IMO for the first time in 1988, when the

Paris Commission requested MEPC to consider Paris Commission requested MEPC to consider

measures to restrict the use of TBT compounds in the measures to restrict the use of TBT compounds in the

AntiAnti--fouling systems on ships.fouling systems on ships.

30

31

AFS Convention AFS Convention -- Current StatusCurrent Status

Adopted in 5 October 2001Adopted in 5 October 2001

EnteredEntered into force on 17 into force on 17

September 2008September 2008

51 Parties51 Parties, representing about , representing about

78.81% of the world78.81% of the world’’s merchant s merchant

fleetsfleets

32

AFS Convention AFS Convention –– status of ratification status of ratification

33

AFS ConventionAFS Convention

Main content:Main content:

–– requirements on phasing out the use of harmful requirements on phasing out the use of harmful organotin compounds (TBT) as biocides in antiorganotin compounds (TBT) as biocides in anti--fouling paints;fouling paints;

–– requirements on disposal of wastes from the requirements on disposal of wastes from the removal of TBTremoval of TBT--based paints in a safe and based paints in a safe and environmentally sound manner; environmentally sound manner;

–– establishment of a mechanism to prevent the establishment of a mechanism to prevent the potential future use of other harmful substances in potential future use of other harmful substances in antianti--fouling systems; and fouling systems; and

–– requirements on survey and certification for shipsrequirements on survey and certification for ships’’antianti--fouling systemsfouling systems

34

KeyKey FeaturesFeatures

The Convention uses similar structure as other IMO The Convention uses similar structure as other IMO Conventions Conventions

Articles Articles ––legal and contractual provisions, principal legal and contractual provisions, principal technical requirements technical requirements

Regulations in AnnexesRegulations in Annexes——detailed technical detailed technical requirementsrequirements

35


Key Features Key Features -- Operative ArticlesOperative Articles

Article 3 ApplicationArticle 3 Application

Article 4 Controls on antiArticle 4 Controls on anti--fouling systemsfouling systems

Article 5 Controls of annex 1 waste materialsArticle 5 Controls of annex 1 waste materials

Article 6 Process for proposing amendments to controls Article 6 Process for proposing amendments to controls on antion anti--fouling systemsfouling systems

Article 7 Technical GroupsArticle 7 Technical Groups

Article 8 Scientific and technical research and Article 8 Scientific and technical research and monitoringmonitoring

Article 9 Communication and exchange of informationArticle 9 Communication and exchange of information

Article 10 Survey and certificationArticle 10 Survey and certification

Article 11 Inspection of ships and detection of violationsArticle 11 Inspection of ships and detection of violations

Article 12 ViolationsArticle 12 Violations

Article 13 Undue delay or detention of shipsArticle 13 Undue delay or detention of ships

36


Key Features Key Features -- NonNon--operative Articlesoperative Articles

Article 1 General ObligationsArticle 1 General Obligations

Article 2 DefinitionsArticle 2 Definitions

Article 14 Dispute settlementArticle 14 Dispute settlement

Article 15 Relationship to international lawArticle 15 Relationship to international law

Article 16 AmendmentsArticle 16 Amendments

Article 17 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval Article 17 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accessionand accession

Article 18 Entry into forceArticle 18 Entry into force

Article 19 DenunciationArticle 19 Denunciation

Article 20 DepositoryArticle 20 Depository

Article 21 LanguagesArticle 21 Languages

37

AFS Convention, Key Features AFS Convention, Key Features -- AnnexesAnnexes

Annex 1 Annex 1 –– Controls on antiControls on anti--fouling systemsfouling systems

Annex 2 Annex 2 –– Required elements for an initial proposalRequired elements for an initial proposal

Annex 3 Annex 3 –– Required elements of a comprehensive Required elements of a comprehensive

proposalproposal

Annex 4 Annex 4 –– Surveys and certification requirements for Surveys and certification requirements for

antianti--fouling systemsfouling systems

38


Key Features Key Features -- Conference Resolutions Conference Resolutions

1. Early and Effective application of the AFS 1. Early and Effective application of the AFS

ConventionConvention

2. Future Work of the IMO relating to the AFS 2. Future Work of the IMO relating to the AFS

Convention GuidelinesConvention Guidelines

3. Approval and Test methodologies for AF systems3. Approval and Test methodologies for AF systems

4. Promotion of Technical Co4. Promotion of Technical Co--operation operation --ratification,ratification,

national legislation, training,national legislation, training,……

39

AFS Convention, Key Features AFS Convention, Key Features -- Guidelines Guidelines

Survey and certification of antiSurvey and certification of anti--fouling systems fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.102(48), on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.102(48),

subsequently revoked by subsequently revoked by 2010 GUIDELINES 2010 GUIDELINES

FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION OF ANTIFOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION OF ANTI--

FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS MEPC.195(61)FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS MEPC.195(61)

Brief sampling of antiBrief sampling of anti--fouling systems on ships, fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49); and adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49); and

Inspection of antiInspection of anti--fouling systems on ships, fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49).adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49).

40

AFS Convention, Article 3 AFS Convention, Article 3 -- ApplicationApplication

(a) ships flying the flag of a (a) ships flying the flag of a Party;Party;

(b) ships not entitled to fly (b) ships not entitled to fly their flag but which their flag but which operate under their operate under their authority; andauthority; and

(c) to all ships that enter a (c) to all ships that enter a port, shipyard or port, shipyard or offshore terminal of a offshore terminal of a Party. (Art. 3)Party. (Art. 3)

41


““ShipShip”” means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in

the marine environment and includes hydrofoil boats, airthe marine environment and includes hydrofoil boats, air--

cushion vehicles, submersibles, floating craft, fixed or cushion vehicles, submersibles, floating craft, fixed or

floating platforms,floating platforms, floating storage units (FSUs) and floating storage units (FSUs) and

floating production storage and offfloating production storage and off--loading units (FPSOs). loading units (FPSOs).

(Article 2.9 of the Convention) (Article 2.9 of the Convention)

42


Not applicable to any Not applicable to any

warships, naval warships, naval

auxiliary or other ships auxiliary or other ships

owned or operated by owned or operated by

a Party and used, for a Party and used, for

the time being, only on the time being, only on

government nongovernment non--

commercial service. commercial service.

Such ships should act Such ships should act

in a manner consistent in a manner consistent

with the Convention with the Convention

(Art. 3)(Art. 3)

43

AFS Convention, Article 4 AFS Convention, Article 4 -- ControlsControls

Prohibits and/or restricts Prohibits and/or restricts

the use of harmful antithe use of harmful anti--

fouling paints used on fouling paints used on

ships (Art. 4)ships (Art. 4)

AntiAnti--fouling systems to be fouling systems to be

prohibited or controlled are prohibited or controlled are

listed in listed in Annex 1Annex 1

44

AFS Convention, Annex 1 AFS Convention, Annex 1 -- ControlsControls

by 1/1/2003, do not apply or reby 1/1/2003, do not apply or re--apply apply organotins compounds which act as biocides organotins compounds which act as biocides in antiin anti--fouling systems (Partial ban );fouling systems (Partial ban );

by 1/1/2008 ships either (Total Ban): by 1/1/2008 ships either (Total Ban):

-- shall not bear such compounds on shall not bear such compounds on their hulls or external parts or surfaces; ortheir hulls or external parts or surfaces; or

--shall bear a coating that forms a barrier shall bear a coating that forms a barrier to such compounds leaching from the to such compounds leaching from the underlying nonunderlying non--compliant anticompliant anti--fouling fouling systemssystems

45


Interpretation of the wording: Interpretation of the wording:

““organotins compounds which act as biocides in antiorganotins compounds which act as biocides in anti--

fouling systemsfouling systems””

Clarified in appendix of Resolution MEPC.195(61) :Clarified in appendix of Resolution MEPC.195(61) :

An organotin compound in a coating must not provide a An organotin compound in a coating must not provide a

biocidal effect to the coatingbiocidal effect to the coating

Practical guidance Practical guidance –– organotin compound must not be organotin compound must not be

present above 2500 mg total tin per Kg dry paint present above 2500 mg total tin per Kg dry paint

46


Two options after total ban with regard to Two options after total ban with regard to antianti--fouling systems using organotin fouling systems using organotin compound as biocidescompound as biocides

11 Remove all TBT from the hull by gritRemove all TBT from the hull by grit--blasting or other equivalent methodsblasting or other equivalent methods; ;

22 OverOver--coating with a sealercoating with a sealer--coatcoat

47


Coatings industry is able to provide Coatings industry is able to provide ““sealersealer--coatscoats””

““sealersealer--coatscoats”” may not be appropriate for may not be appropriate for every ship every ship

rere--blasting a shipblasting a ship’’s hull may be over four times s hull may be over four times the cost of applying a the cost of applying a ““sealersealer--coatcoat””

48

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time/days

Co

ntr

ol

co

rre

cte

d a

ve

rag

e l

ea

ch

ing

ra

te /

µg

/cm

2/d

ay

No Sealer coat (BFA337)

With Sealer coat

AFS Convention , Annex 1 - ControlsAFS Convention , Annex 1 AFS Convention , Annex 1 -- ControlsControls

49


The Convention provides controls harmful The Convention provides controls harmful antianti--fouling systems : fouling systems :

-- restricted/banned systems are listed in restricted/banned systems are listed in annex 1annex 1

-- it does not provide an it does not provide an ““approval listapproval list””

i.e. it takes a i.e. it takes a ‘‘blackblack--list approachlist approach’

50

ARTICLE 6 ARTICLE 6 -- Amending Annex 1 (Controls on Amending Annex 1 (Controls on

antianti--fouling systems)fouling systems)

Annexes 2 and 3 set out details that must be Annexes 2 and 3 set out details that must be included in an initial and, if warranted by MEPC included in an initial and, if warranted by MEPC (Party States only), a comprehensive proposal (Party States only), a comprehensive proposal to be consideredto be considered

MEPC establishes technical group to review MEPC establishes technical group to review and report on comprehensive proposal and report on comprehensive proposal according to specific evaluation criteria (Art. 7)according to specific evaluation criteria (Art. 7)

Report forwarded to all Member States before Report forwarded to all Member States before Committee, acting as a meeting of Parties, Committee, acting as a meeting of Parties, considers document considers document -- Parties only take Parties only take decisionsdecisions

51

ARTICLE 5 ARTICLE 5 -- Waste MaterialsWaste Materials

…….a Party shall take .a Party shall take appropriate measures in appropriate measures in its territory to require that its territory to require that wastes from the application wastes from the application or removal of antior removal of anti--fouling fouling system controlled in Annex system controlled in Annex 1 be collected, handled, 1 be collected, handled, treated, and disposed of in treated, and disposed of in a safe and environmentally a safe and environmentally sound manner to protect sound manner to protect human health and the human health and the environmentenvironment

52

ARTICLE 8 & 9ARTICLE 8 & 9

Parties shall promote Parties shall promote

and facilitate scientific and facilitate scientific

research and monitoring research and monitoring

of effects of AF systemsof effects of AF systems

Promote availability of Promote availability of

and undertake to and undertake to

communicate and communicate and

exchange information exchange information

(nominated surveyors, (nominated surveyors,

approved or registered approved or registered

AFAF--systems etc)systems etc)

53

ARTICLE 10 ARTICLE 10 -- Survey and CertificationSurvey and Certification

A Party shall ensure that its A Party shall ensure that its ships or those under its ships or those under its authority are surveyed and authority are surveyed and certified in accordance with certified in accordance with regulations in Annex 4regulations in Annex 4

54

ARTICLE 10 ARTICLE 10 -- Survey and CertificationSurvey and Certification

The Administration shall establish appropriate The Administration shall establish appropriate measures for ships that not subject to survey measures for ships that not subject to survey regulation in order to ensure that this regulation in order to ensure that this Convention is complied withConvention is complied with

55

ARTICLE 11 ARTICLE 11 -- Inspections and detections of violationsInspections and detections of violations

May be carried out in any May be carried out in any

Port, shipyard or offshore Port, shipyard or offshore

terminal to determine terminal to determine

compliance compliance

– International AF System

Certificate or Declaration

– Brief Sampling (using

Guidelines)

– No delay

If grounds for violationIf grounds for violation

– Thorough inspection (using

Guideline)

56

ARTICLE 11 ARTICLE 11 -- Inspections and detections of violationsInspections and detections of violations

A brief sampling is included in the process of initial inspectioA brief sampling is included in the process of initial inspection;n;

The time required to process the result of such The time required to process the result of such

sampling shall not be used as a basis for preventing sampling shall not be used as a basis for preventing

the movement and departure of the shipthe movement and departure of the ship

57

ARTICLE 12 ARTICLE 12 -- ViolationsViolations

Article 12 enables the Article 12 enables the

Authority to prosecute Authority to prosecute

offences against the Actoffences against the Act

58

ARTICLE 13 ARTICLE 13 -- Undue delay or detention of shipsUndue delay or detention of ships

(1)(1) All possible efforts shall be made to All possible efforts shall be made to avoid a ship being unduly detained or avoid a ship being unduly detained or delayed under article 11 or 12delayed under article 11 or 12

(2)(2) When a ship is unduly detained or When a ship is unduly detained or delayed under article 11 or 12, it shall be delayed under article 11 or 12, it shall be entitled to compensation for any loss or entitled to compensation for any loss or damage suffereddamage suffered

59

ARTICLE 16 AmendmentsARTICLE 16 Amendments

Standard procedure with Standard procedure with

MEPC acting as a Meeting MEPC acting as a Meeting

of Parties of Parties

ArticlesArticles–– explicit explicit

acceptance procedureacceptance procedure

AnnexesAnnexes——tacit acceptance tacit acceptance

procedure procedure

60


Amendments to articles are subject to explicit Amendments to articles are subject to explicit acceptanceacceptance

11 amendments shall be adopted by a twoamendments shall be adopted by a two--thirds thirds majority of Parties present and voting;majority of Parties present and voting;

22 amendments shall be deemed to have been amendments shall be deemed to have been accepted on the date when at least two accepted on the date when at least two --thirds of Parties have accepted it ;thirds of Parties have accepted it ;

33 the amendments shall enter into force the amendments shall enter into force after after certain period (six months ) after the date of certain period (six months ) after the date of the acceptancethe acceptance..

61


Amendments to annexes are subject to tacit acceptanceAmendments to annexes are subject to tacit acceptance

11 amendments shall be adopted by a twoamendments shall be adopted by a two--thirds thirds majority of Parties present and voting;majority of Parties present and voting;

22 amendments shall be deemed to have been amendments shall be deemed to have been accepted accepted after six months, unless by that date at after six months, unless by that date at least oneleast one--third third of the Parties communicated of the Parties communicated objections;objections;

33 the amendments shall enter into force after a certain the amendments shall enter into force after a certain period (six months) after the date of the acceptance.period (six months) after the date of the acceptance.

62

AFSAFS——Survey and Certification Survey and Certification Guidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of anti----fouling fouling fouling fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION OF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTI----FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)Guidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of anti----fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). Guidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of antiGuidelines for survey and certification of anti--------fouling fouling fouling fouling fouling fouling fouling fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 MEPC.102(48); subsequently revoked by 2010 GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION OF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTIOF ANTI--------FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)MEPC.195(61)Guidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of anti--------fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49). ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.104(49).

63

AFSAFS——Survey and Certification Survey and Certification

Ships subject to survey and certification Ships subject to survey and certification

-- 400 gross tonnage and above400 gross tonnage and above

-- engaged in international voyagesengaged in international voyages

-- excluding fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and excluding fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and FPSOs FPSOs

(annex 4, regulation 1)(annex 4, regulation 1)

64

AFSAFS——Survey and CertificationSurvey and CertificationTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyTypes of surveyInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International AntiInitial survey (issuance of International Anti--------Fouling Fouling Fouling Fouling Fouling Fouling Fouling Fouling System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)System Certificate)---- newbuildingnewbuildingnewbuildingnewbuilding---- existing ship, before the International existing ship, before the International existing ship, before the International existing ship, before the International AntiAntiAntiAnti----fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time.fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time.fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time.fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time.Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)Subsequent survey (endorsement on the Certificate)-------- antiantiantiantiantiantiantianti--------fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or fouling system is changed or replaced replaced replaced replaced replaced replaced replaced replaced may be needed upon transfer a ship to the flag of may be needed upon transfer a ship to the flag of another State another State

65

AFSAFS——Survey and CertificationSurvey and Certification

The surveyor should verify:The surveyor should verify:

-- verify that antiverify that anti--fouling system specified by the fouling system specified by the documentation complies with the Convention;documentation complies with the Convention;

-- verify that antiverify that anti--fouling system being applied is fouling system being applied is the same as described in the survey request the same as described in the survey request (including sampling when necessary) (including sampling when necessary)

66


Type Approval of antiType Approval of anti--fouling systems fouling systems

-- Voluntary, not required by the ConventionVoluntary, not required by the Convention

-- Common in classification societyCommon in classification society

-- list of type approved antilist of type approved anti--fouling systems, fouling systems, facilitating the ship survey processfacilitating the ship survey process

-- sampling is usually not required during ship sampling is usually not required during ship

survey when antisurvey when anti--fouling system is type fouling system is type

approvedapproved

67


International AntiInternational Anti--Fouling System Certificate Fouling System Certificate

Model form is contained Appendix 1 to annex 4 of Model form is contained Appendix 1 to annex 4 of

the Convention the Convention

Supplemented by a Record of antiSupplemented by a Record of anti--fouling systems fouling systems

Declaration on antiDeclaration on anti--fouling systemsfouling systems

68

AFSAFS——Port State Control InspectionPort State Control InspectionGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of anti----fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);Draft 2011 Guidelines for inspection of anti-fouling systems on ships

Guidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of antiGuidelines for inspection of anti--------fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on fouling systems on ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);ships, adopted by resolution MEPC.105(49);Draft 2011 Guidelines for inspection of anti-fouling systems on ships

69

AFSAFS——Port State Control InspectionPort State Control Inspection

MEPC.105 (49)MEPC.105 (49)

Initial inspection Initial inspection

Detailed inspection Detailed inspection

Violation detectionViolation detection

70


Draft 2011 Guidelines Draft 2011 Guidelines

Initial inspection Initial inspection

Detailed inspection Detailed inspection

Violation detectionViolation detection

71


More Detailed inspectionMore Detailed inspection

- sampling and analysis may be included, subject to practical feasibility or to constraints relating to the safety of persons, the ship or the port;

- sample may be taken by contracted specialist company or trained PSCO

72

AFSAFS——Detention Detention

Detention could be appropriate in any of following cases:Detention could be appropriate in any of following cases:

.1 certificate is invalid or missing; .1 certificate is invalid or missing;

.2.2 ship admits it does not comply with Conventionship admits it does not comply with Convention

.3.3 sampling proves that it is nonsampling proves that it is non--compliant compliant

73

AFSAFS——SamplingSampling

Guidelines for brief sampling of antiGuidelines for brief sampling of anti--fouling fouling

systems on ships, adopted by resolution systems on ships, adopted by resolution

MEPC.104(49).MEPC.104(49).

-- Main body provides general terms; Main body provides general terms;

-- Appendices provide examples of Appendices provide examples of

sampling and analytic methodssampling and analytic methods

74


For practical reasons sampling of the antiFor practical reasons sampling of the anti--

fouling system is very often reserved for fouling system is very often reserved for

occasional checking or where there are clear occasional checking or where there are clear

grounds for believing that the antigrounds for believing that the anti--fouling fouling

system intended to apply or presenting on the system intended to apply or presenting on the

hull does not in compliance with the hull does not in compliance with the

Convention. Convention.

75


Sampling from wet paintSampling from wet paint

11 Take samples from a newly opened container; Take samples from a newly opened container;

22 Stir the paint to ensure even consistency before Stir the paint to ensure even consistency before sampling;sampling;

33 Take the samples and store them in appropriate sealed Take the samples and store them in appropriate sealed packaging;packaging;

44 For coatings where onFor coatings where on--site mixing of several site mixing of several components is required, take samples of each components is required, take samples of each component, and record the required mixing ratio; component, and record the required mixing ratio;

55 Record details of the paints;Record details of the paints;

66 Triplicate specimens Triplicate specimens

76


Sampling device Sampling device

disk

77


s p r in g c o i ls

g e a rs

m o to r u n it

φ120

mm

1 5 0 m m

b a tte ryd is c s (a b ra s iv e p a p e r o n to p )

F ig u re 1 . S c h e m a tic d ia g ra m o f s a m p lin g d e v ic e

78


Sample analysisSample analysis

79


ICP /MS: ICP /MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma/ Mass Inductively Coupled Plasma/ Mass

SpectrometrySpectrometry

ICPICP--OES:OES: Inductively Coupled Plasma /Optical Inductively Coupled Plasma /Optical

Emission SpectrometerEmission Spectrometer

AAS: AAS: Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

XFR: XXFR: X--ray fluorescence analysisray fluorescence analysis

GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/mass GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/mass

spectrophotometry spectrophotometry

80


““Tolerance rangeTolerance range”” means the numerical range added to means the numerical range added to

the threshold value indicating the range where detected the threshold value indicating the range where detected

concentrations above the threshold value are concentrations above the threshold value are

acceptable due to recognised analytical inaccuracy and acceptable due to recognised analytical inaccuracy and

thus do not compromise the assumption of thus do not compromise the assumption of

compliance.compliance.

Less than 30% tolerance range. Less than 30% tolerance range.

81

the international convention on the control of harmful ... june 2011... · biocide is released from...

Documents