the international image interoperability framework: why it's a game-changer for digital...
TRANSCRIPT
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The International Image Interoperability Framework Why It’s a Game-Changer for Digital Libraries
Dr John B Howard, University Librarian University College Dublin 0000-0002-4433-7209
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Acknowledgements
Several slides in this presentation were prepared by
and are available at http://www.slideshare.net/Cogapp/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-iiif-but-were-too-afraid-to-ask
They are used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC-BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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iiif.io
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Images convey cultural heritage information, and invite scholarly use
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end-user wish list
• Copy, Download, Save, Share • Alter image attributes
– Size, format, rotation, quality (colour, greyscale, bitonal), mirror image, crop, rotate
• Compare – Different exemplars of the same imprint – Different issues of a map, music imprint, book – Photo super-imposition
• Annotate, transcribe, translate, and share these information
• Search within an image or set or images for associated text (OCR, annotations)
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service provider wish list …
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I need a newer, faster image server
(and I can’t spend much time or money on it)
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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I want deep zoom
(on mobile)
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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I want to allow users to visually compare objects in the collection…
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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…with objects from other collections
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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and regions of those images
I want to make it easy for my users to cite and share my images
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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I want to allow visitors to annotate my images online
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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I want to allow visitors to annotate my images online
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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I want to allow embedding of my images in blogs and web pages
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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... without losing control of them
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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And it should be affordable (free), easy to implement, and easy to use
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So, what is IIIF anyway?
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objectives
Facilitate the delivery and use of images by providing an open specification for serving images, image metadata, and more:
• provide scholars rich access to images using uniform rules for service provision
• provide technical specifications for image servers and image clients (viewers) to assure interoperability
• develop and share technologies that support IIIF and its goals, including image application servers and web clients for viewing IIIF-compliant images and meeting the functional needs of scholarly users of images
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2 core APIs, 2 APIs for value-added services
• Image delivery API – Serve image metadata – Serve images
• Metadata Image presentation API – Serve image manifests, metadata about an image or group of
images to enable retrieval of images and to build linkages to related information
• Search API (beta) – “Search within” an image (or group of images described by a
manifest) for associated text—ORC full text, annotations, transcriptions, etc.
• Authentication API (beta) – To facilitate management of access to restricted materials
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IIIF Image Delivery API
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request images, with parameters {scheme}://{host}/{prefix}/{identifier}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}
The easy parameters: • Format: image format (jpeg, png, gif, webp)
• Quality: default, grey, bitonal, colour
Advanced parameters: • Size
• Full, height & width, percentage
• Rotation
• By degrees, mirror flipped
• Region
• Full, by pixel coordinates
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Image Delivery API
http://iiif.io/api/image/2.0/
Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io
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request image metadata
Returns basic information about the requested image in JSON format • image identifier (base URL) • width, height • sizes available or recommended (optional) • tiles (tilesize, scale factors) Information about the server’s functionality • IIIF Image API version • image formats, image quality supported • limitations on rotation capability
{scheme}://{server}{/prefix}/{identifier}/info.json
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sample JSON response
Server functionality
Image characteristics
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a live example
https://iiif.ucd.ie/loris/ucdlib:33713/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/default.jpg
request the whole image, 640px wide, not rotated, in JPEG format
https://iiif.ucd.ie/loris/ucdlib:33713/full/640,/0/default.jpg
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IIIF Presentation API
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What is it?
Specifies a request syntax and a response that comprises a manifest, listing images accessible via a IIIF Image API, and related information
• Describes structure: collection, item, sequence, parts
• Describes properties: labels, descriptive metadata, license, links to related items, secondary sources, annotation lists
Manifest expresses metadata idiomatically for web interchange
• JSON-LD
• Shared Canvas data model ttp://iiif.io/model/shared-canvas/1.0/: Makes use of the Open Annotation framework for associating entities with the resource that is the focus of a canvas (i.e., the digital surrogate for a physical ‘page; within a source document)
• Observes a range of additional W3C specifications
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so, how do we use it?
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software implementations
IIP Image
IIP Moo Viewer
digilib FSI Server
Mirador Internet Archive Book Reader
Image
Server
s
Image
Clients
Image
Apps
FSI Viewer
Leaflet JS
Loris
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benefits in action
Mirador viewer http://iiif.github.io/mirador/
OpenSeadragon
https://openseadragon.github.io/
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image viewer
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image viewer, zoom
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image manipulation
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crop,resize
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compare images or pages
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page turner
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page turner with navigation
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annotate
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image kiosk (OpenSeadragon)
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transcribe :: translate
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transcribe :: translate
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IIIF Search API (beta)
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What is it?
• Many use cases for searching text associated with images – OCR text of printed documents – Translations – Transcriptions of manuscript text – Annotations and commentary – Tagging, description
• Specifies search for a single IIIF resource (so “search within” a resource)
• Identifies an approach to identifying searchable resources within the Presentation API
• Accommodates auto-completion of terms (provided by an external service)
• Full spec at http://iiif.io/api/search/1.0
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enter search: “Meath”
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why a game-changer?
• Shifts focus from metadata interoperability to interoperability of digital content
• Opens a door to the Shared Canvas data model and to annotation
• Opens a door for development of new software tools
• Creates new opportunities for cooperation & collaboration among service providers as well as end-users of IIIF-compatible services
• Creates an approach to interoperability that will be applied to other media types, such as audio and video (IxIF)
• A harbinger of future directions where W3C specs for interoperability become more pervasive in digital libraries
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what collaborative opportunities?
• Implementation opens doors to sharing, comparing, annotating across organisations
• Engagement with researchers
• Many challenges in supporting annotations; are common solutions conceivable? – Storage
– User management
– Group management
– Ephemeral annotations versus permanent record
– Discovery of annotations
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UCD implementation: presentation API
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UCD implementation: search API, v.1 (beta)