the iot challenges-a practical approach …aphrdi/2016/12_d… · solutions for control and...

The IoT Challenges-A Practical ApproachProf. K.RAGHAVENDRA RAO

PRINCIPAL

SKU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

ANANTAPURAMU 515003

The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016


Agenda

•

•

•

Definitions of IoT

Market forecast

IoT Technology Enablers• Devices, Communication, Protocols, Architecture, Security, Databases

IoT RoadMap

Future Internet• Design

• Digital Economy

Tech trends

Applications• New tech Developments

• Research Needs

•

•

•

•

IoT - Definitions

“The Internet of Things is a systemwhere the Internet is connected tothe real world via ubiquitous sensors”

Kevin Ashton, "That 'Internet of Things' Thing", RFID Journal,22 June 2009 – co-founder of MIT Auto ID Center which

developed EPC/UHF RFID

“IoT is a global dynamic network

infrastructure capable of auto-

configuration based around

standardised interoperable

communication protocols. Physical

and virtual ´things´ have identities

and attributes which are capable of

utilising inteligent interfaces and be

integrated to a information

network”.

Shancang Li & Li Da Xu & Shanshan Zhao, “The internet of things: a survey”, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Department of InformationTechnology and Decision Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, School of Computing, University of the West of Scotland, April 2014“The capacity of sensing the environment through a population of objects in that environment became

synonym to pervasive computing. The sensor network is the main enabler of IoT which intermitently

sample-compute-actuate.”


http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/4986

What is IoT?The Internet of Things (IoT) is the

network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and exchange data


Various Names, One Concept

• M2M (Machine to Machine)

• “Internet of Everything” (Cisco Systems)

• “World Size Web” (Bruce Schneider)

• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)

Education – Partnership – Solutions

Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance


IoT MarketForecast 202016.9% (devices,

services) – from

to $1.7 trillion in

HVAC, smart

$200 Bn by 2020,

devices such as smart

agriculture, container

airplanes, etc – to

2020.

generation will be

services & solutions,

enabling the

Annual groth rate

connectivity & TI

$655.8 billion 2014

2020◦ Intelligent lighting,

buildings – to reach

◦ Vertical specific

surgery rooms, smart

tracking, ships,

reach $667 Bn by

◦ In general, value

provided by IT

BigData & Analytics

d-Business age.



Internet of Things The story so far:

ECG sensor

Motion sensor

Motion sensor

Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data Analytics,

Interoperability, Enhanced Cellular/Wireless Com. for IoT, Real-

world operational use-cases and Industry and B2B services/applications,

more Standards…

Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Linked-

data, semantics,More products, more heterogeneity,solutions for control and monitoring,

…

RFID based

solutions

Wireless Sensor andActuator networks

, solutions for communication

technologies, energyefficiency, routing, …

Smart Devices/Web-enabled Apps/Services,

initial products,vertical applications, early

concepts and demos, …

IoT – Enabling technologies• Ubiquitous/pervasive computing: Although

small computing devices and the ubiquitous

services derived from their data is probably

a

requirement for the IoT, pervasive

computing is NOT the IoT.

• The Internet Protocol: Widely used globally for

clients and servers, however many objects in

the IoT will not be able to run an Internet

Protocol.

• Communication technologies: Very importantpart in the IoT. There is a myriad of emerging

wireless communication such as WiFi,

Bluetooth, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, LTE, LoRa

available to the IoT.• Embedded devices: RFID or wireless sensor networks (WSN), may be part of the IoT - but as stand

aloneapplications (intranets) they miss the back-end information infrastructures necessary to create newservices. The

IoT has come to mean much more that just networked RFID systems. RFID systems are standardized - WSN still

lacks that !

• Applications: IoT applications need to explore the infrastructure in full – small applications cannot be referred as IoT without real impact on a global Internet.


HW – Sensor Devices: widely available

Ready to use sensors:• Humidity, Temperature (air/soil/water), humidity on leaves, pH, Calcium, Nitrate, Wind Speed, Atmospheric

pressure, solar radiation, pluviometre, stem diametre, luminosity, watering, reservoir levels, liquid flux, gas flux etc

Source: libelium.com


Wireless Communication for IoT

Standard: IEEE802.11n

2.4/5Ghz

Range: up to 50m

Up to 1Gbit/s

Secure Supply Chain

Two way secure

communication v2 – AES

Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-63

915 Mhz

Range: 7m / anti-collision up

tp 600 tags/s

115,2kbps

6LoWPAN / Mobile

Standard: BLE 4.22.4Ghz

Range: up to 150m

1Mbps

Ticketing / authentication

Two way secure

communication – AES

Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-3C

13,56 Mhz

Range: 10cm

10-420kbps

Mesh / Industrial

Standard: IEEE802.15.4

2.4Ghz

Range: up to 100m

250kbps

Mesh / Home

Standard:Z-Wave

Alliance ZAD12837 / ITU-

T G.995

900 Mhz

Range: up to 30m

100kbps

WAN / M2M

Standard:LoRa

various

Range: 15-20km

0,3-50kbps

WAN / M2M

Standard:Sigfox

UHF 900 Mhz

Range: 30-50km

10-1000bps

Mesh / Home / Mobile

Standard: IEEE802.15.4 /

6LoWPAN

2.4 Ghz Mhz

Range: N/A

N/A

WAN / M2M

Standard:Neul

UHF 900/458/470-490 Mhz

Range: 10km

10-100 kbps

6LoWPANStandard: RFC6282 / spec

IPv6 / TCP /MQTT / CoAP

900 Mhz / 2.4 Ghz etc

Range: N/A

N/A

Mobile / Celular

Standard: GPRS/UMTS-HSPA/LTE900/1800/1900/2100 Mhz

Range: avg 30km / 200km for HSPA

35kbps-10Mbps

TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016

IoT – communication protocols

MQTT (formerly Message Queue Telemetry Transport) is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF20922) Client Server publish-subscribe based "light weight" messaging protocol for use

on top of the TCP/IP (MQTT-S runs on top of UDP) for constrained environments such as

M2M and IoT:

◦ MQTT brokers available: ActiveMQ, Apollo, HiveMQ, IBM MessageSight, JoramMQ, Mosquitto, RabbitMQ, Solace Message Routers, and VerneMQ

CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) - intended to be used in very simple electronics

devices such as low power sensors (M2M and IoT) – it is Web Services oriented. Runs on

top of UDP. See RFC 7252. Already implemented in most programming languages.

REST API, XMPP


Middleware /


Architecture

Security Issues in IoT– big challenge

• Single security model for all IoT communications

• Data stream access controls

• Tracking device metadata

• Secure provisioning in the field

• Firmware updates in the field

• Compliance with global regulations

• Leaving security up to each IoT project team

• To secure IoT, we must define

the IoT

• Unprotected devices on the

Internet will be attacked

• Encryption is needed

throughout the data lifecycle

• ** implement security already

deployed in NFC / RFID into

motes: tough ! ** sugestion


Advanced Encryption Standards (AES)

The Need for Big Data

Growth in connections generatesunparalleled scale of data

Sensors

Devices

Systems

Things

Processes

People

Industries

Products

Services

Internet of Things

Smart Homes

Connected Cars

Intelligent Buildings Intelligent Transport

SystemsSmart Meters and Grids

Smart Retailing Smart Enterprise

Management

Machine-to-Machine

Building

automation

Manufacturing

Security

Utilities

Internet of ThingsTelemetry and

TelematicsSmart Systems

(Intelligence in Subnets of Things )Remotely controlled and

managedMonitored

Isolated(autonomous, disconnected)

Source: Machina Research 2014

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Data Lifecycle - challenge“Data will come from various source and from different platforms and various systems.”This requires an ecosystem of IoT systems with several backend support components (e.g. pub/sub,storage, discovery, and access services). Semantic interoperability is also a key requirement.

Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of

data

driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications,

http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm




IoT : ex. Remote Condition Monitoring

IoT

Vehicle Driver▪ On-board diagnostics▪ Information about other vehicles, e.g. to

unload harvest

Vehicle Operations▪ Intelligent monitoring of machine KPIs

and fluid analysis▪ Optimum servicing intervals

Vehicle▪ Equipped with telematics unit▪ Sensors to monitor moving parts,

hydraulics liquids, etc

Partners▪ Service provider▪ Repair specialist and vehicle

manufacturers


IoT-Platformsand Database-Systems

M2M & IoT Application

PlatformsData Databases

NoSQL(MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.)

for agility and

heterogeneity

Scalability

Flexibility

Analytics

Unified View

Scalability

Heterogeneity

Agility & Flexibility Hybrid(SAP Hana, VoltDB, etc.)

for speed and

heterogeneity

in

Applications, Devices

and Connectivity

in

Data SQL(Oracle, IBM, etc.)

for structured data

Source: Machina Research 2014


Technology Roadmap for IoT


The Industrialisation of Message Generation


IoT – 6A Conectivity

The Internet of Things could allow people and things to be connectedAnytime, Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Anypath/network and Any service.

“From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have

connectivity for anything” (ITU)


Smart object dimensions:

Activity-aware objects, policy-aware objects, and process-aware objects.

• Three design dimensions to use

in the design of “Internet of

smart objects.”• Smart objects are able to sense, interpret, and react to external such as:

• Convergence, Content, Collections (Repositories), Computing, Communication, and Connectivity

allowing seamless interconnection between people and things and/or between things and

things.

•The IoT could imply a symbiotic interaction between the real/physical, world, and thedigital/virtual world: physical entities have digital counterparts and virtual representation;

• things become context aware and they can sense, communicate, interact, exchange data, information and knowledge.


Future Internet

• Future Internet considers the

fusion of IoT, IoP, IoE, IoM and IoS

in a global IT platform

interconnecting intelligent things

and objects.

• IoP (Internet of People) will

interconnect people maintaining

their control over online activities

in organisations, communities –

information producers and

consumers (“prosumers”).

• IoE (Internet of Energy) – dynamic

infrastructure connecting energy

with the Internet – for

generationand distribution of

energy packets where and when

necessary.

• IoS (Internet of Services) denotes a network which will deliver service componentes through the Internet enabling SOA, Web/enterprise 3.0/X.0, Interoperability among enterprises, Web Services, GRID and Semantic Web between consumers and producers.

• IoM (Internet of Media) will address the challenges of coding and processing of scalable vídeo for multi playersin gaming environments, digital cinema and virtual worlds which will demand new strategies for data traffic

and mobile architectures.


Object connected to Internet of Things and their three mainchallenging domains: Technologies— Communication —Intelligence

At the conceptual level the IoT technology represents the “middleware” between the implementation and grand

challenges such as climate change, energy efficiency, mobility, digital society, global health and enabling

technologies such as nanoelectronics, communication, sensors, smart phones, embedded systems, cloud computing

and software technologies.

These challenges will eventually create new products, new services, new interfaces and new applications. The grand

challenges will also drive the creation of new environments and intelligent ambients.


D-Business – 2016 onwardsDIGITAL BUSINESS IS A NEW BUSINESS

ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE PHYSICAL AND

VIRTUAL WORLDS HAVE MERGED. – Fredy

Valente -

IoT allied with the development of emergent

Internet Technologies such as IoE, IoP, IoM, IoS

and business solutions form the infrastructure to

the digital society based on knowledge and

innovation.

D-business attributes:

❖ Nearly all physical and assets in the value chain are digital. ❖ Consumer and business solution modules are engaged via digital means. Most

sales, deliveries and services are automated. Most analog or human dependent

tasks are eliminated by automation using IoT, intelligent agents and robots.

❖ Employees are engaged via digital means and collaborate in teams.

❖ Tangible revenue and value are generated in a digital manner.

❖ Things (physical and virtual) become agents of themselves for people and

business and are able to provide services and answers to requests in the place of

humans


Technological Trends

❖ Re-design of mechnisms to find,

fetch and transmit data which is

collected and enchanged by

interconnect IoT objects: todas

energy consumption is at its limits

❖ Autonomic Energy Harvesting

devices and systems: from tiniest

smart dust to huge data centers❖Miniturization of devices with the objective on reaching a single electron

transistor (depends heavily on new discoveries in physics)

❖ Autonomous and responsible behaviour of resources: systems / devicesshould become self-managed / self-healed and self-configured.

The Key to address these macro trends in IoT is research and development inglobal intersectoral / interdisciplinary areas. High degree of complexity.


Applications: Smart Environments


Applications – IoT


Social media

analysis/ Dataand EventVisualisation

Tweets from a city

City Infrastructure


,

Some IoT Challenges – in conclusion

•IoT data analytics are a new challenge to big data analytics.

•Data collection in the IoT challenges the bandwidth, network and other resources.

•Data collection, delivery and processing is also depended on multiplelayers of the network – there are lots of work here !

•We need more resource-aware data analytics methods and cross-layer optimisations – some decisions need to be made locally !

•The solutions should work across different systems and multipleplatforms (Ecosystem of systems).•Data sources are more than physical (sensory) observation – virtual smart objects are also a part of IoT !•The IoT requires integration and processing of physical-cyber-social data: huge challenge !•The extracted insights and information should be converted to a feedback and/or actionable information – remote and monitoring intelligent control challenge !


Total hardware of the developed system

Photo graph of the total hardware

Gate Way Unit

Temperature and Humidity sensor

Soil Moisture sensor

Power supply system

CC3200 LaunchPad

pH sensor

Cloud data on Laptop

25

Variation of Soil moisture with respect to time

33

34

Agriculture is not crop production as popular belief holds - it's the production of food and fiber from the world's land and waters. Without agriculture it is not possible to have a city, stock market, banks, university, church or army. Agriculture is the foundation of civilization and any stable economy.

Future Developments (1)

Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge


Future Developments (2)



Research Needs (1)



Research Needs (2)



Research Needs (3)



Research Needs (4)



Q & A


THANK YOU ALL

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